Korean linguistics 101
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This presentation was prepared by Emily Rae Sabo, a linguist from Pittsburgh, PA. This PPT highlights the main points of a seminar she gave to the Fulbright Korea English Teaching Assistantship conference in April 2015. Emily is currently a Fulbright grantee in South Korea, but will soon begin her PhD studies in linguistics at the University of Michigan. If you should have any questions or comments, consider them warmly welcomed. Hope you enjoy and/or learn something new.
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Korean linguistics 101
- 2. OUR AGENDA
- 3. PART I. 10 minutes of Knowledge dropping 그냥
- 4. PART II. 10 minutes answering the question: “Why do Koreans make the English errors they do?” For teaching
- 5. PART III. 10 minutes… #외국인 Korean language problems answered For you
- 8. 3 Kingdoms Unified SillaOld Korean
- 9. Marriage between spoken korean & written chinese
- 10. 이두Problematic. Too messy. The logographic Chinese writing system didn’t fit with the Korean language. 1.Transcribe by matching meaning or sound? 2.Korean & Chinese are too different. – in terms of grammar, particles, word order, lexical inventories, tones/lack thereof…etc.
- 11. Middle Korean Goryeo Middle of Joseon 훈민정음 “The proper sounds for the instruction of the people”
- 12. 한글 to increase literacy • 1443 • 28 • 24
- 13. IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE, VISIT… The museum underneath the statue of King Sejong in Gwanghwamun Square in Seoul. Free admission. The National Hangeul Museum in Yongsan-gu (district) in Seoul,
- 14. Other Chinese vestiges wash away 1. Syllable pitch • Still maintain in some dialects, but fading • Used to be marked by dots 2. Vowel length • To distinguish homonyms (밤 vs. 밤) • Still taught in Korean classrooms, but fading from practice & no longer denoted in writing
- 18. articulation
- 19. And also have philosophical origins!
- 24. • Basic vowel shapes: philosophy • Basic consonants: mouth position • The rest: added strokes to these basic shapes
- 25. ㅂis derived from ㅁ ㄷ is derived from ㄹ geometrically describes a backward-bending t o n g u e. The graphic distinction between null ㅇ& pachim ㆁ was eventually lost.
- 26. EVOLUTION
- 27. SLANG! Who are the movers and shakers here?Our students!
- 28. “넹, 이따가 봐용 ~”
- 29. 빵셔틀 = Literally “Bread Shuttle.” The person the bully picks on to do all his/her chores
- 30. 쪽바리 Ethnic slur for a Japanese person. Literally means pig feet.
- 31. 노처녀 히스테리 An old unmarried woman who is bitter and crazy to the point of hysteria. Crazy cat lady.
- 32. 막장 No way – shit just got REAL. Term often reserved for dramas when the plot snowballs out of control.
- 33. 된장녀Nobody likes a 된장녀. Soybean woman. A vain woman who will live off cheap Soybean soup just to save $$ for fancy luxury accessories and pricy Starbucks coffee.
- 34. ㅗㅗㅗㅗ Emoticon meaning ‘fuck you’, resembling sticking one’s middle finger up. Emoticon meaning… well, I think you get it.
- 35. 흑역사 Literally ‘black history.’ Used to describe those times you’d rather forget. #BlackoutBunting
- 36. 엄친아 / 엄친 딸 “The son of my mother’s friend.” Person who is good at everything. #Koreanmoms
- 38. 그림의 떡 Lit. A picture of a rice cake. You can look but you can’t touch.
- 39. 떡 본 김에 제사 지낸다 You came to the ancestral ceremony for the 떡. But you’re here – might as well take part in the ceremony while you’re here. Might as well. Ah, I’m already here.
- 40. 떡 됬어요 Shwasted
- 41. 남의 떡이 커 보인다 The grass is greener on the other side.
- 42. 개떡
- 43. Dialect North Korea • Seoul dialect = The standard • Pyongyang dialect = Northwestern North Korea, Isolation far less loan words South Korea • What have you found?
- 44. Honorifics. You have your place. I have mine.
- 45. OlderHigher statusWe ain’t close We go way back Lower status Younger Familiarity Social status Age The person you’re talking to Context Formal Informal
- 46. OlderHigher statusWe ain’t close We go way back Lower status Younger Familiarity Social status Age The person you’re talking about Context Formal Informal
- 48. Speech levels Other variables Prioritization Nouns Verbs Combo norms Subjectivity
- 49. Conveying speech level Verb endings Noun choice 가요 해요 How you address them Verb choice and use of 시 드리다 가시다 주다 가다 집 나이 댁 연세
- 51. Want to know more? Sohn, Ho-Min. 1999. The Korean Language. Lee, Iksop and S. Robert Ramsey. 2000. The Korean Language. 1. Deferenti al 2. Polite 3. Blunt 4. Familiar 5. Intimate 6. Plain
- 52. Cultural concept of homogeny Reflected in the
- 53. Days of the week
- 54. PART II. 10 minutes answering the question: “Why do Koreans make the English errors they do?” For teaching
- 55. WHY? 1. Cultural metaphors 2. Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis 3. Konglish is becoming it’s own thing
- 58. Click here for this resource!
- 61. What is Konglish? “The use of English words or words derived from English in a Korean context.” Language contact Interlangu ageCodeswitc hingLanguage prestige Cultural borrowing Word Loan words with altered Word replacing Helps communication Hinders Awkwar d Fun ny Wro ng Necess ary Westerniz ed Globalizatio n A version of English? A version of Korean? It’s own thing?
- 62. Konglish Too western English exposure! Bad English shameful & not conducive to communica tion Simply product of globalization & innovation both good things
- 63. We need more foreign teachers. #HeyFulbright! English Prof. at Seoul 대학교 / Pres. Of Literature Translation Institute of KoreaLink to a like-minded article
- 64. Natural collocation Common Mistakes Jeopardy Game
- 65. Types of Konglish • Loan words (codeswitching) • Loan words BUT altered meaning • Totally new phrases using English words • “Awkward English”
- 67. What about your students? Their errors, your teaching strategies?
- 68. PART III. 10 minutes… #외국인 Korean language problems answered For you
- 69. Filler words 그러니까. Exactly. Thus what I just said. 그랬구나 (~구나 for that matter) Really? Hmmm… 그럼, (suck in air) 어떻게 하지? 그래가지고 Yeah, and then 그… / 어떤… Like… (그) 뭐지? What am I trying to say? 그렇지 Yep, agreed. 맞다 Ah, duh! That’s right. 아 진짜 뭐야…짜증나! Ah, really? So annoying! 엄마! Oh my god! What was that?! 아이고 (아이구, 아유) Oh geez hehe. Cute disapproval. **Crazy throat thing** Emphasis
- 70. ㅐ or ㅔ? 내가 or 네가 ? 니가
- 71. THE POWER OF NUANCE 은/는 VS. 이/가
- 72. 이/가 제가 가요. - Contrast = Well I’ll be there. (But only if you add phonetic stress) …unlike Liz. - Neutral grammatical subject marker = I’ll be there. 은/는 저는 가요. - Contrast / exclusivity = Well I’ll be there. …unlike Liz. - Emphasize certainty = I’m definitely going. …for sure, but dunno about anyone else.
- 74. 돈은 많이 없어요. 돈이 많이 없어요. = In terms of money, I’m lacking. ( ) But I’ve got other stuff. = In terms of money, I’m lacking.
- 75. Quiz! 돈은 많이 있어요. 돈이 많이 있어요. = As for money, I’m definitely loaded. ( )but not necessarily anything else = I have a lot of money. = As for money, I’m loaded.
- 76. Quiz! ___ 안했어요. ___ 안했어요. = I didn’t do it. = Well, I didn’t do it, but… *cough cough* 내 가 나 는= I swear I didn’t do it!
- 77. The bottom line is… Use your 눈치
- 78. 뭐야 / 누구 /m, n/ tend to be denasalized word-initially. 알아요 / 말 / 레몬 • Between vowels alveolar flap (Eddy) • At end of a word “L” • At beginning unstable (silent or “N”) Korean phonology
- 79. 동사 vs. 똥싸십팔 vs. 씨발
- 80. ㄱ ㅋ ㄲ ㅂ ㅍ ㅃ ㅈ ㅊ ㅉ ㄷ ㅌ ㄸ ㅅ ㅆ 어떻게 해요? • Tense: Voiceless • Laxed: Voiced (Beginningvoiceless, sound like tensed counterpart) 동 vs. 똥 The primary distinguishing feature? = The pitch of the vowel that follows • Laxed Low to high
- 81. Click here for an awesome language reference
- 82. 외국인S ANONYMOUS My name is John, and I’ve been confused now for almost 7 months.
- 83. Acknowledgements Thanks to Jae-Young Shim of the University of Michigan, for his help in preparing this presentation. 심재영 does exciting work on Korean linguistics. He is currently busy finishing up his dissertation (centered on 은/는 vs. 이/가), but I’m sure he’d love to chat with you!