This document provides information on defensive driving techniques to help prevent vehicle accidents. It discusses key defensive driving strategies like planning ahead, being observant of others, anticipating errors, and showing consideration for other road users. Statistics on road accidents worldwide are presented. Common causes of accidents like speeding, tailgating, and driving under the influence are examined. The document also outlines driver responsibilities, vehicle safety checks, traffic rules, and steps to take in the event of an accident. The overall goal is to promote safe driving habits and help readers drive defensively to avoid collisions and injuries.

1. Defensive Driving

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Purpose
 This Course is intended to:
– Improve your traffic safety awareness
– Lessen the likelihood of collisions
– Eliminate
 the misery and tragic cost in human lives
 the financial expense involved in motor vehicle
accidents

4. 4
Course Goals & Objectives
 To help you understand how Your attitude affects
your driving
 To enable you to recognise and evaluate your
current driving patterns
 To ensure that you understand the responsibilities of
driving
 To help improve the standard of driving on the
Project

5. 5
What is Defensive Driving?
 Planning ahead
 Being observant
 Being aware of others and what they may do
 Anticipating other people’s errors
 Showing consideration for other road users,
including pedestrians, cyclists etc.

6. 6
Road Statistics
 Number 4 cause of Death in the
World as per statistics
 World Wide - every year
– Killed - over 500,000!
– Seriously Injured -
over 15 Million

7. 7
Common Causes of Vehicle Accidents
 Failure to GIVE WAY the right of way
 Driving too close to the vehicle in front (tailgating)
 Ignoring signals
 Poor standard of vehicles and lack of maintenance
 EXCESSIVE SPEED
 Driving while under the influence of alcohol
or drugs

8. 8
Major Factors
 Environment
– poor driving standards
– poor road surfaces
– extreme weather / poor
visibility
 Attitude
– anger & impatience
– tiredness
– driving under the
influence of alcohol or
drugs

9. 9
Major Factors.
 Distractions
– passengers
– day-dreams
– Problems
– Using mobile phones
while driving
 Poor Vehicle Condition
– no lights
– bad tyres
– chassis alignment

10. 10
Give way to traffic
from Left
Roundabouts

11. 11
Going Straight?
No Indicator
Indicate
Right turn
here
NO overtaking on
roundabouts
Roundabouts

12. 12
Right Turn?
Indicate Right turn
Roundabouts

13. 13
Left turn?
Indicate Left turn
Roundabouts

14. 14
95% of Road Accidents are
Caused by Driver Error
 Attitude
– “IT WON’T HAPPEN
TO ME”
– taking risks
 overtaking
 speeding
– abuse of alcohol or
drugs
– arrogance, impatience

15. 15
Driver’s Responsibility
 Take into account the road conditions
– surface, weather, visibility
– traffic, pedestrians, animals
– location - town or rural
 Consider the vehicles condition
– age (corrosion), brakes, tyres,
lights, steering, suspension, etc.
– poor maintenance
 Carry out regular vehicle checks
 Apply 4 seconds Safe distance

16. 16
Typical Stopping Distance
usual residential
speed limit
thinking
distance
breaking
distance
9m 14m 23m (75 feet)
6 car lengths
53m (175 feet)
13 car lengths
15m 38m
36m (120 feet)
9 car lengths
12m 24m
73m (240 feet) 18
car lengths
18m 55m
21m 75m
At 120 KPH it will take you 96m to stop a car
96m (315 feet)
24 car lengths

17. 17
Daily Safety Checks
 Brakes operates efficiently
– (including parking brakes)
 Tires
– Good condition, properly
inflated
 Seatbelts
– Fully serviceable
– 3 points seatbelts in front side
 Lights
– All functioning – including
brake lights and indicators

18. 18
Headlights
 Use dipped headlights in
rain or when light is poor
– See and be seen - you
may be able to see,
others may not see you.
– DO NOT DAZZLE
OTHER ROAD USERS
WITH YOUR “MAIN”
BEAM!
– If you are dazzled, pull
over and give your eyes
time to recover.

19. 19
Give Way / Yield
 Driver must Yield or stop for
all Emergency Response
vehicles showing BLUE,
RED or GREEN flashing
lights.
– Pull over to let them pass
– stop if vehicles remains
behind you
 Do not fit or use BLUE, RED
or GREEN flashing lights
unless you are authorized to
do so

20. 20
Four Way Flashers
 Use only to indicate a
STATIONARY HAZARD
 Not:-
– I’m important and I’m coming through
– I’m going straight on
– I’m breaking the speed limit but flashing my “Four
Ways” makes it
IT DOESN’T!

21. 21
Safe Driving Rules
 Seatbelts must be worn at all
times by the DRIVER and ALL
passengers
 Drivers must wear footwear
that is properly fastened and
will not slip of the foot.
– Footwear that is held on by
single strap either through the
toes or over the foot shall not
be worn when driving

22. 22
Safe Driving Rules
 Speed limits must be adhered
to:-
– Open road/Highway 80 KPH
– Site 20KPH
– Office area 15KPH
– Camps 15KPH
KPH
 On site and on the camps
PEDESTRIANS HAVE RIGHT
OF WAY!

23. 23
Fail to meet your Responsibilities:-
 INJURY/DEATH,
 LOSS OF LOVED
ONES,
JAIL
 PROPERTY DAMAGE,

24. 24
Remedial Measures
 The Three E’s
– Education- skills training
 hazard perception
 attitude changes -
concentration, consideration
and patience
– Engineering - well
maintained vehicle
– Enforcement

25. 25
Driving While Under the Influence of
Alcohol or Drugs
 Daewoo has a zero tolerance to driving while
under the influence of Alcohol or Drugs. It will
result in:
IMMEDIATE DISMISSAL FROM
EMPLOYMENT IN ANY
PROJECT OF DAEWOO

26. 26
Drug and Alcohol Testing
 You WILL be tested for drugs
and alcohol if;
– You are the driver of the
vehicle that has been
involved in a collision with
any other object
– If your conduct gives cause
for concern, having
committed and unsafe act,
failed to comply with the
rules of the road or breached
any HSE requirements

27. 27
Driving To Stay Alive
 Driver error is the major contributor in 95% of
all collisions
THIS DOES REDUCE IF DRIVERS DRIVE DEFENSIVELY
 A collision WILL happen if
– Driver has failed to do everything reasonably
practical to prevent it
 DEFENSIVE DRIVING is when the Driver
conscientiously drives to PREVENT
accidents

28. 28
Five seeing habits
 Aim high in steering
 Get The big picture
 Keep your eyes moving
 Leave yourself an out
 Make sure they see you

29. 29
1 - Aim High in Steering
ACTION Zone 4 to 6 seconds, do an action immediately!
SEEING Zone 12 to 15 seconds, check hazards to adjust conditions
your vehicle, pick a target in the center of your lane
PLANNING Zone 30 to 120 seconds, you have time to smoothly and safely
avoid the danger.
!
3 ZONES:

30. 30
Action Zone
1 - Aim High in Steering

31. 31
Seeing Zone
1 - Aim High in Steering

32. DW-HSE-TM0016
32 Planning Zone
1 - Aim High in Steering

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 Centre your vehicle on
the lane.
 Spot early the drivers
who are:
– Driving erratically.
– Lurking behind a truck.
Avoid Head on, Head collision
1 - Aim High in Steering

34. 34
Avoid
Head
on
Head
collision
1 - Aim High in Steering
!

35. 35
1 - Aim High in Steering
Watch for other
drivers lurking
behind others in
oncoming traffic.
!
Never go into the
opposite lane,
the oncoming
driver may
attempt to swerve
back to that side
of the road
Keep in mind that Head-Ons are deadly and better to hit
a stationary objects than approching vehicle.

36. 36
2 - Get the Big Picture
 In front you.
 On your Left
 On your Right
 Behind you
 Below you
 Above you
Driver must analyze the route continually, you
must look :

37. 37
 Re-establish your visibility.
 Maintain your space.
 Create a safe area or “bubble” around your
vehicle.
2 - Get the Big Picture

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 Driving is a full time job
 Stay focused on the task at hand, don’t be
distracted.
 Avoid fixed vision.
 ”Understand ” the road rather than simply “
Looking ” at the road
2 - Get the Big Picture

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Back off and Get the Big
Picture!!!
If you cannot see around
the truck!
2 - Get the Big Picture

40. 40
If you plan to pass the next car, think first :
 Do you really need to do this? Perhaps it
would be better to wait!
 Is it safe, do you have enough space and
time?
 Is it legal?
2 - Get the Big Picture

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If you make the decision to pass,
Don’t forget : turn signal, check mirrors,
And accelerate but remember it is never legal to exceed the
posted limit : you need at least 5 M/H or 8 KPH more speed than
the vehicle you are passing to pass safely.
2 - Get the Big Picture

42. 42
 On hills or curves, you must
drive at a speed that you will
be able control, maintain a
‘Stop-ability’.
 SLOW DOWN!, Driving in the
mountains is not the same as
driving where you can see for
miles ahead.
2 - Get the Big Picture

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3 – Keep Your Eyes Moving
 Two types of vision:
 Only the Sharp central core has the clearly
vision
Central vision
Peripheral
vision

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Make a habit of:
 Moving your eyes focusing your central vision every 2
seconds.
 Scan from side to side.
 Include your mirrors in your scanning every 5 to 8
seconds
3 – Keep Your Eyes Moving

45. 45
Keep your eyes moving
habits is particularly
important in preventing
intersection collisions
3 – Keep Your Eyes Moving

46. 46
 Move your eyes at least every 2 seconds.
 Look at the mirrors every 5 to 8 seconds.
 Scan the big picture from side to side.
3 – Keep Your Eyes Moving

47. 47
Nine recommended rules for backing :
1. Clear the rear
2. Sound the horn before you start to move.
3. Never trust the scene you checked to stay the same.
4. Back slowly
5. As you back, check both side mirrors.
6. Don’t back further than necessary.
7. Back to the driver’s side.
8. Use the ground guide
9. Always park so your first move is forward.
4 - Leave Yourself an Out

48. 48
5- Make Sure They See You
 Make sure they see
you:
– pedestrian
– Other drivers
– Animals
 By using :
– Horn, lights, turn signal,
hand signal, your
position or Stop.
 Don’t drive in blind
spots.

49. 49
Parked vehicle, drivers or passengers ready to open doors.
 Check the intentions of incoming traffic
 Use your signals well in advance.
 Wait for a response.
 Keep eye contact.
 Headlights on at dawn & dusk - at least 30 minutes before
sunset (dusk) and 30 minutes after sunrise (dawn), and
during poor visibility (Ex. SANDSTORM).
5- Make Sure They See You

50. 50
Aim High in Steering Get the Big Picture Leave yourself an out
Keep your eyes moving Make sure they see you
Central
Vision
Peripheral
Vision
Always, Follow the
Five Seeing Habits

51. 51
Standard Accident Prevention
Techniques
 Recognise the hazard
 Understand the defence
 Act correctly in good time
Remember it takes Time to See, Understand & Act.
Defensive Drivers allow themselves a few seconds of
“thinking time”.
So in terms of the Lives, Time and Money that can be
Saved, these techniques are a measure worth taking

52. 52
Good Drivers Are:-
 SKILLED
 AWARE
 CAUTIOUS
 CONSIDERATE
 COURTEOUS
ALIVE

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The “Do’s” for Good Drivers
 DO wear your seatbelt
– and make sure ALL of your passengers wear theirs
too - it’s your responsibility
 DO keep your speed down
 DO maintain your vehicle
 DO drive defensively at ALL times
– concentrate
– think ahead
 BE A SAFE DRIVER - NOT A SHAMEFUL DRIVER

54. 54
The “Don’ts” for Good Drivers
 DON’T drink and drive
 DON’T carry excess loads
– passenger and/or materials
 DON’T take chances with lives
– yours or anyone else`s

55. 55
How to Prevent an Accident
 Recognise the hazards
 Anticipate what others may or may not do
 Know and follow the rules
 Signal correctly and in good time
 Only move into another lane or road when it is
clear and it is safe to do so
 Do not ‘tailgate’

56. 56
How to Prevent an Accident
 Use dipped headlights in rain or when light is
poor
– See and be seen - you may be able to see, others
may not see you
 Do not exceed the speed limits
– Speed limits are maximum limits, at times it may be
necessary to drive below the limit

57. 57
Project Requirements
 Only AUTHORISED drivers may
drive vehicles on site
 Site speed limits MUST be obeyed
 REVERSE park whenever possible

58. 58
If It All Goes Wrong
 In the event of having an accident:
 STOP IMMEDIATELY
 If there is anybody hurt, get medical help
immediately (Call 000-xxxx-zzzz)
 All collisions are to be reported to Daewoo HSE section
without delay to permit the road traffic unit to attend.
 Be pro-active, help in the investigation
 Remember, all drivers involved in an accident are to
be tested for drugs and alcohol

59. 59
Things to Think About
 Do not use a hand held radio or mobile
telephone while driving
 Do not smoke while driving
 Ensure that you and all passengers wear
seatbelts
– if your vehicle has only 2 seatbelts, only 2
persons will travel.

60. 60
Project Driving Permit
 Permit system is controlled by Daewoo HSE
 The permit shall be carried at all times.
 It is to be produced at the request of any Project
Supervisor, Road Traffic Officer, Safety Personnel
or Security Staff
 It is not to be given to, or used by, any other person

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Drive badly
An Accident waiting to
happen
Drive Safely
Live Long - Be Happy
Summary

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