This document provides an overview of road safety and defensive driving techniques. It discusses objectives to avoid accidents and save lives. Specific hazards are identified, such as uncontrolled junctions, blind spots, and distracted driving. Accident statistics from India in 2020 are presented, with the highest numbers occurring in Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Control measures and road safety signs are described. The importance of obeying traffic rules and adjusting to conditions is emphasized to prevent accidents.

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Road Safety and
Defensive Driving
Training
Amrut Shipekar/HSE&E/Sept.-2022

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It is the art of surviving on road or reducing the risk of accidents by
practicing simple techniques to anticipate situations that can possibly
lead to an accident and would result in giving enough time to
maneuver...
OBJECTIVES
To know the hazards & dangers involved in driving a vehicle and take
necessary precautions to save lives, time and money.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Defensive
Driving
Vehicle
Light

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•Uncontrolled junction
• Bus stop
• Gaps within Road Dividers
• On street Parking places
• Building access (while reversing)
• Road Bend
• National Highway
ACCIDENT BLACK SPOTS

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Blind spot
What is Blind Spot?
A vehicle blind spot is an area around the
vehicle that cannot be directly seen by
the driver while at the controls, under
existing circumstances.

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India statistics on road accidents
 A total number of 3,66,138 road accidents have been reported by States and Union Territories (UTs) during
the calendar year 2020, claiming 1,31,714 lives and causing injuries to 3,48,279 persons.
 The State of Tamil Nadu with 45,484 accidents (12.4%) has recorded the highest number of road accidents
in 2020.
 However, the number of persons killed in road accident has been the highest in the State of Uttar Pradesh
(19,149 i.e. 14.5%).

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• Over-speeding
• Drunken driving
• Driving on the wrong side
• Jumping red light
• Using mobile phones
• Fatigue
• Failure to keep vehicles in good operating condition
Driving Hazards

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 Bad weather
 Difficult road conditions
 Poor light or glare
 Heavy traffic
 Road work
Driving Hazards: Dangerous Conditions

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Distractions
Lots of things, such as using a mobile phone, can distract us when driving
Distraction affects drivers in many ways, including:
• Increases cognitive workload
• Reduces peripheral observation (tend to look straight ahead)
• Less aware of what’s happening around them
• Miss the hazards
• React more slowly
All of these increase the chances of being in a collision.

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Immediate
Factors
• Inappropriate speed
• Inattention
• Falling asleep
• Travelling too close
• Vehicle defects
• Excessive alcohol
• Driver attitude
• Poor judgement
• Not wearing safety gears

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Underlying
Factors
Poor journey planning
Internal pressure
Inadequate sleep
Stress
Time management
Vehicle maintenance
Driver beliefs
Inadequate experience

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1. Obey traffic rules like Speed limits, Traffic signs, and signals, Follow the 2-second rule, Signal your
intentions, and Pass with care and only where allowed.
2. Keep Alert and Be Prepared.
3. Adjust to Weather and Road Conditions.
4. Be Extra Careful at Night.
5. Watch Out for Fatigue.
6. Keep Cool in Traffic.
7. Don’t Drink or Take Drugs and Drive.
8. Always wear safety gears (like Crash Helmet, Safety Belt).
9. The Ministry of Road Transport & Highways has formulated a road safety strategy based on 4-Es,
namely Education, Engineering (of both roads and vehicles), Enforcement and Emergency care.
Control Measures to Avoid Accidents

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Road Safety
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 Mandatory Signs: Indicates what one must do, rather than must not do.
Road Safety Signs

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 Cautionary Signs: These signs are meant to caution the driver about the hazards/situation lying ahead of road.
Road Safety Signs

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 Informatory Signs: These signs are meant to provide information on directions, destinations, roadside facilities, etc. to road users.
Road Safety Signs

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Speed Kills – is it Worth the Risk?

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