Uploaded byKevin M. Moker, CFE, CISSP, ISSMP, CISM
Defense In Depth Using NIST 800-30
The document outlines a comprehensive strategy for risk management and defense in depth within information security, detailing the phases of the systems development life-cycle (SDLC) and the importance of identifying and mitigating risks throughout. It emphasizes the need for systematic risk assessments, control analyses, and the implementation of security measures to protect IT systems against vulnerabilities. Ultimately, the document argues that while complete security is unattainable, a structured approach can significantly reduce risks when supported by organizational commitment.
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Defense In Depth Using NIST 800-30
- 1. A Simple Strategyto Combat Many Security Issues Kevin M. Moker, CISSP-ISSMP, CISM, ACP Manager, Information Security Risk Management Services
- 2. What is RiskManagement What is Defense In Depth Questions & Answer Session
- 3. What is Risk? Risk is the potential loss from a threat-source attacking a vulnerability. Example: Joe Cracker (threat-source) knows that an online banking company has not patched (vulnerability) their backend databases. Joe Cracker exploits (loss) the system and steals money.
- 4. Target Audience Senior Management Middle Management Technology Management
- 5. Risk Integration intothe SDLC Risk Assessment Identifying risk Risk Mitigation Figuring out how to control the risk Controls Evaluation Control recommendations – what should be used to control the risk
- 6. Systems Development Life-Cycle(SDLC) Normal phases of SDLC Initiation Build or Acquire Implementation Operation and Maintenance Disposal or End-of-Life
- 7. Phase 1 –Initiation Phase Characteristics The need for an IT system is expressed and the purpose and scope of the IT system is documented Support from Risk Management Activities Identified risks are used to support the development of the system requirements, including security requirements, and a security concept of operations (strategy)
- 8. Phase 2 –Build or Acquire Phase Characteristics The IT system is designed, purchased, programmed, developed, or otherwise constructed Support from Risk Management Activities The risks identified during this phase can be used to support the security analyses of the IT system that may lead to architecture and design tradeoffs during system development
- 9. Phase 3 –Implementation Phase Characteristics The system security features should be configured, enabled, tested, and verified Support from Risk Management Activities The risk management process supports the assessment of the system implementation against its requirements and within its modeled operational environment. Decisions regarding risks identified must be made prior to system operation
- 10. Phase 4 –Operation & Maintenance Phase Characteristics The system performs its functions. Typically the system is being modified on an ongoing basis through the addition of hardware and software and by changes to organizational processes, policies, and procedures Support from Risk Management Activities Risk management activities are performed for periodic system reauthorization or whenever major changes are made to an IT system in its operational, production environment (e.g., new system interfaces)
- 11. Phase 5 –Disposal or End-of-Life Phase Characteristics This phase may involve the disposition of information, hardware, and software. Activities may include moving, archiving, discarding, or destroying information and sanitizing the hardware and software Support from Risk Management Activities Risk management activities are performed for system components that will be disposed of or replaced to ensure that the hardware and software are properly disposed of, that residual data is appropriately handled, and that system migration is conducted in a secure and systematic manner
- 12. Risk is afunction of the likelihood of a given threat-source’s exercising a particular potential vulnerability, and the resulting impact of that adverse event on the organization
- 13. Step 1: SystemCharacterization Step 2: Threat Identification Step 3: Vulnerability Identification Step 4: Control Analysis Step 5: Likelihood Determination Step 6: Impact Analysis Step 7: Risk Determination Step 8: Control Recommendation Step 9: Results Documentation
- 14. System Characterization Inputs What type of hardware will be used? What software will be used? What other software will this software “talk” to or interface with? What type of data/information will be housed in the software? Who will use this software/hardware? What’s the mission of this software/hardware? Outputs Scope: What the software will include and not include Function: What business process the software will support Data Criticality: The importance of the information Data Sensitivity: The sensitivity of the information
- 15. Threat Identification Inputs Is there a history of system attacks? Is there an incident database to leverage? Is there any data from media sources or government sources? Are there known threat areas from known popular software sources? (e.g., Microsoft) Outputs General threat statements E.g., Windows 7 has 120 known threats. Media sources indicate that 4 of the known threats have zero-day exploits. Furthermore, internal incident management databases have revealed malicious code outbreak.
- 16. Vulnerability Identification Inputs Are there any vulnerabilities discovered from past risk assessments? Are there any audit reports that reveal potential vulnerabilities? What are the security requirements for the proposed software? (e.g., access control, encryption) Did the security test results result in any potential vulnerabilities? Outputs List of Potential Vulnerabilities (e.g., Weak access control system, 56 bit DES encryption used.
- 17. Control Analysis Inputs What are the current controls for the software compared to the internal policy controls? What are the planned controls for those controls not adequately documented in current policy? Outputs List of current controls List of planned controls
- 18. Likelihood Determination Inputs What would be the motivation for a malicious person to attack this software? What is the capacity of the malicious actor? E.g., time, money, support How easy is it to exploit the vulnerability? E.g, ease of exploiting the vulnerability Outputs Likelihood rating High Risk Moderate Risk Low Risk
- 19. Impact Anlaysis Inputs Is there a business continuity plan that discusses the mission impact analysis? Is there an asset criticality documented in the business continuity plan? What is the data criticality? What is the data sensitivity? Outputs Impact Rating High Impact Moderate Impact Low Impact
- 20. Risk Determination Inputs What is the likelihood of the threat exploitation? If the threat did exploit the vulnerability, what would be the impact? Are the current controls adequate (tested by audit or self-assessment)? Outputs List of risks and associated risk levels
- 21. Control Recommendations Recommended controls E.g, encryption, strong password controls
- 22. Results Documentation Risk Assessment Report
- 23. Let’s look ata practical approach of how to implement this “stuff”
- 24. Let’s explore thedefense-in-depth strategy to understand where risk should be addressed.
- 26. Information Security/Assurance isa tricky game. It is by no-means perfect and you can NEVER reduce risk to zero. This Defense-In-Depth strategy will help an organization reduce risk a an acceptable level if management is committed to the strategy.
- 27. Crucial for anyInformation Security Program Necessary in most of today’s markets Being compliant does not mean secure Being secure does not mean compliant
- 28. Information Security Policies StaffResponsibility Definitions (RACI) Security Standards and Guidelines Security Training Awareness Communications Policy Enforcement Security Monitoring Tools (Physical & Logical)
- 29. Vendor Management Penetration Testing VulnerabilityScanning Access Control Management
- 30. Data Center Hardening PhysicalAccess Control Management Critical Building Hardening (non-data center) Internal Physical Security Officers Hostile Environment Prevention Program External Media Protection Program Paper-based Protection Program
- 31. Network Intrusion Prevention Program VirtualNetworks Physical Compartmentalizing Penetration Testing Access Control Management
- 32. Patch Management Program Access Control Management InternalScanning Program Encryption
- 33. Code Review Program InformationSecurity Readiness Review Penetration Testing Program Vulnerability Testing Program
- 34.
- 35. This is nota perfect process. Information Security mixes science and art. Risk management and defense in depth is part science and part art. The goal is to try to reduce the impacts and likelihood of certain threats. Things WILL happen, but this program will make the best effort to minimize threats and impacts.
- 36. What did youget from this presentation? Do you think that this information is useful? Do you think you could apply this to your life and not just systems?