Deep Oceans
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The document discusses human limits in deep oceans, including that most people can hold their breath for around 40 seconds but the record is over 6 minutes, the deepest free dive is 136 meters, and average breathing and body temperature on land. It also notes how homeostasis changes underwater, with breathing and pressure increasing with depth, and temperature decreasing steadily until reaching around 4-5°C at deep levels, affecting human respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems.
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The document discusses the deep ocean environment and its effects on humans. It describes conditions in the deep ocean, including temperatures of 2-4 degrees Celsius, pressures of 200-600 atm, low oxygen levels, and lack of light. It also discusses adaptations of deep ocean creatures and systems most affected in humans, like respiratory and circulatory. Equipment like ROVs and submarines are needed for humans to explore the deep ocean due to pressure and oxygen levels.
Deep Ocean
The document discusses the deep ocean environment and its effects on humans. It describes the deep ocean as having temperatures of 2-4 degrees Celsius, pressures of 200-600 atm, low oxygen, and no light. Deep ocean creatures have adaptations like bioluminescence and absence of swim bladders to survive these conditions. The document notes that human respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems are most affected by the deep ocean due to issues like low oxygen and high pressure causing the bends. Equipment like ROVs and submarines is needed to explore the deep ocean.
Deep sea diving and cassions disease.pptx
The document discusses physiological effects of deep sea diving and hyperbaric conditions. It covers:
1) Increased pressure at depth and how divers breathe high pressure air to prevent lung collapse.
2) Effects of nitrogen narcosis and oxygen toxicity at high pressures due to increased gas absorption.
3) Decompression sickness that can occur from rapid ascent and nitrogen bubble formation; treatments include gradual decompression or hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
deep ocean
The document summarizes environmental conditions and organisms found in the Marianas Trench, the deepest part of the ocean. It discusses the trench's extreme depth of over 11,000 meters which subjects organisms to high pressure, cold temperatures, and low light. Only microscopic bacteria can survive by feeding on chemicals from hydrothermal vents. For humans to explore the trench, specialized submersibles with thick steel walls and oxygen supplies are needed due to the hostile conditions.
Diving
This document discusses the physiology of deep sea diving. It describes two types of underwater diving: ambient diving where the diver is exposed to water pressure, and diving in a pressurized vehicle. It outlines the challenges of diving including biological effects of high gas pressures, physical problems caused by pressure changes, and drowning. Specifically, it discusses nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, carbon dioxide toxicity, helium effects, decompression sickness, changes in gas density and airflow resistance with depth, barotrauma and air embolisms.
Mariana%20 Trench[1]
The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the ocean at 36,201 feet deep. Conditions in the trench include very little light, heat, and extremely high pressure the deeper one goes. Special equipment like a wet suit, scuba gear, and tanks are needed to ensure safety at such depths. The human body can only tolerate 3-4 atmospheres of pressure, equivalent to around 33 feet, and temperatures are very cold below 16,000 feet where pressure increases dramatically. Reaching the depths of the trench would significantly impact body systems through risks like oxygen toxicity, nitrogen narcosis, dehydration, and the challenges of breathing and maintaining buoyancy and body temperature.
Submersion
The document discusses drowning, near-drowning, and immersion syndrome. It defines drowning as death within 24 hours of suffocation from submersion in liquids. Near-drowning is defined as survival after more than 24 hours. Immersion syndrome refers to syncope resulting from cardiac arrhythmias after sudden contact with cold water. The document outlines some risk factors for drowning, including alcohol consumption near water, poor swimming ability, and medical conditions like seizures. It also discusses factors that determine subsequent pulmonary issues, such as the quantity rather than composition of aspirated water, whether it is fresh or salt water. Prognostic factors for survival are provided.
Deep Oceans
The document discusses the extreme conditions and adaptations required for life in the deep oceans, specifically the Mariana Trench. Organisms living in the deep oceans must adapt to cold temperatures of 2-4°C, high water pressure up to 1,000 atm, low oxygen levels, and lack of light. They have developed adaptations like bioluminescence, large eyes, strong sense of smell, soft bodies, and camouflage coloration. The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the ocean at over 11,000 meters deep located near Japan in the Pacific Ocean.
Introduction to Aviation and deep physiology
This document discusses the physiological effects of aviation and deep sea diving. It covers topics like:
- Decreased barometric pressure and oxygen levels at high altitudes which can cause hypoxia.
- Acclimatization processes that help the body adapt to low oxygen environments over time, like increased ventilation.
- Physiological impacts of rapid changes in velocity and direction experienced during flights.
- Decompression sickness that can occur when divers surface too quickly due to nitrogen bubbles forming.
- Use of oxygen and different breathing apparatuses to mitigate issues from changes in atmospheric pressure underwater and at altitude.
Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the oceans at over 36,000 feet deep. Little light reaches these depths and animal life is sparse. Temperatures decrease with depth to around 3-4 degrees Celsius at 6,600 feet. Humans can only cope for around 5 minutes at depths over 200 feet due to effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular and ear/sinus systems. Special equipment like diving suits, breathing apparatuses and surface supplied equipment are required for deep diving.
Deep Oceans
Deep oceans refer to areas away from coasts that are beyond continental shelves, where the seafloor drops to extreme depths below 10,000 feet. Life exists in these extreme environments where there is almost no light and freezing temperatures. Natural inhabitants feed off debris that drifts down or eat each other, and many live around hydrothermal vents. Humans are beginning to explore and mine resources from these environments, but the high pressure and lack of oxygen pose risks to human physiology.
Slideshow
The document discusses temperatures, water pressure, and depths that humans and aquatic organisms can survive in the deep sea. It describes that aquatic organisms have adaptations like bioluminescence to survive in deep sea conditions, while humans have only had eight divers travel deeper than 800 feet below sea level. The document also lists equipment used for deep sea diving and different zones of the ocean, noting that submarines allow humans to travel deeper than 800 feet.
Extreme Environment (Deep Ocean)
The Mariana Trench is the deepest natural point in the oceans, located in the western Pacific Ocean, at a depth of approximately 36,000 feet. The immense water pressure at this depth affects human physiology, with each additional 33 feet of depth adding another atmosphere of pressure and impacting respiratory, excretory, and integumentary systems. To survive a dive, specialized equipment like scuba gear, wet suits, and regulators are necessary to overcome these physiological challenges and allow humans to explore this remote, high-pressure environment.
deepseadivingandphysiologicalresponsetohighbarometricpressurerana-17042409314...
The document discusses several key concepts regarding diving physiology:
1) Sea water is much denser than air and exerts greater pressure on divers, with pressure increasing by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters below the surface.
2) Divers breathing gases like nitrogen at high pressures can experience conditions like decompression sickness if they ascend too quickly, as gases dissolved in tissues form bubbles.
3) Other diving-related risks include nitrogen narcosis from breathing high-pressure nitrogen, oxygen toxicity from breathing high-pressure oxygen, and air embolism occurring if a diver holds their breath and ascends.
Deep Ocean
The document discusses the deep ocean environment, focusing on the Tonga Trench as the deepest point at over 10,000 meters deep. It notes the extreme pressure of over 7 tons per square inch and cold temperatures between 1-4 degrees Celsius, except near hydrothermal vents. The document also outlines how the human body would be severely impacted by the deep ocean's pressure, causing lungs and bones to implode and hypothermia to stop blood flow. Safety equipment like submersibles are needed to survive the extreme pressure of the deep ocean.
High altitude.pdf
This document discusses the physiological effects of high altitude and deep sea environments on the human body. At high altitudes, the low barometric pressure leads to hypoxia which causes various acute effects like fatigue, nausea and headaches. The body undergoes changes during acclimatization like increased red blood cell count and ventilation to cope with hypoxia. In deep sea, high pressure can cause nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness if divers ascend too quickly. Proper use of equipment and slow, staged decompression prevents these issues.
Deep Ocean
Temperature was 32F and pressure was 16,000 pounds per square inch at an altitude of 35,000 feet, while at 7,500 feet the pressure was around 3,350 lbs per square inch. The document discusses deep ocean diving, noting the deepest dive in a suit was 2,000 feet and the deepest free dive was 165 feet. It outlines effects on respiratory, circulatory, and sensory body systems and cautions of barotrauma, decompression sickness, nitrogen narcosis, and oxygen toxicity when diving.
Hydrosphere
The document discusses the hydrosphere, which is the total amount of water on Earth including oceans, ice, freshwater, and water vapor. It describes the major components of the hydrosphere like oceans, glaciers, freshwater, and atmospheric water vapor. Tables provide data on the volumes and percentages of total water contained in oceans, ice, underground aquifers, lakes, and the atmosphere. The document also outlines the different zones of the oceans from the epipelagic zone at the surface to the deepest hadalpelagic zone, and notes some characteristic animals found in each zone.
DEEP sea
This document summarizes life in the deep sea. It discusses the equipment needed for deep sea diving, adaptations of organisms living in the deep sea including bioluminescence and streamlined bodies. Temperatures in the deep sea range from 34-104 degrees Celsius. Humans can survive up to around 3-4 atmospheres of pressure before their bodies are damaged, while deep sea creatures adapt through having less gas in their bodies and equalizing pressure internally. The deep sea is divided into layers from the bathypelagic to hadalpelagic zones. Organisms in the deepest zones face low oxygen, little food, no sunlight, and extreme cold. Examples mentioned include viperfish that detect prey electrically, col
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- 1. Deep Oceans