The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the oceans at over 36,000 feet deep. Little light reaches these depths and animal life is sparse. Temperatures decrease with depth to around 3-4 degrees Celsius at 6,600 feet. Humans can only cope for around 5 minutes at depths over 200 feet due to effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular and ear/sinus systems. Special equipment like diving suits, breathing apparatuses and surface supplied equipment are required for deep diving.

1. Mariana Trench Deep Oceans

2. Mariana Trench Deepest part of the earth’s oceans 3,6201 ft. deep

3. Environmental Conditions Little if any light left No photosynthesis Animal life is sparse Pelagic sediment (composed of shells, animal skeletons, decaying microorganisms and plants.)

4. Environmental Conditions cnt.’d. Temperature decreases with increasing depth 3-4 degrees Celsius at 6,600 feet of water

5. Maximum Time Humans Can Cope Control over heart rate & other bodily functions Umberto Pelizzari (5 min/200 feet) Diving Graph

6. Three Body Systems Most Affected/their reactions Respiratory (or pulmonary) system Cardiovascular (or circulatory) system Ears and sinuses

7. Respiratory (or pulmonary) system Breathes in oxygen while submerged into the water Lungs become over pressurized (tear) Air enters tissue & blood stream. Cause rupture of alveoli and capillaries, mixing blood & air into the lungs, which can then lead to person coughing up blood.

8. Cardiovascular (or circulatory) system Carotid-sinus receptors Monitor blood pressure . Less blood flows to the brain . Symptoms are discomfort, light-headedness and eventually loss of consciousness .

9. Ears and sinuses Ears, sinuses, or teeth Pressure increases and the middle ear or sinuses are “squeezed” under pressure . Squeezing your nose and breathing out . Sudden pain and onset to the ear

10. Proper Clothing & Special Equipment Required Diving Suit Breathing Apparatus Surface Supplied Equipment