This document discusses decision making and control in management. It covers various elements of managerial decisions including the logical and intuitive approaches. It also discusses types of decisions supervisors make, problem solving patterns, and guidelines for participative decision making in groups. Additional topics include solving employee problems, win-win problem solving, building decision making skills, and controlling techniques.

1. 1
Decision Making and Control
• Decision Making
• How to Make Good
Decisions
• Problem Solving
• Building Decision
Making Skills
• Controlling

2. 2
Elements in Managerial Decisions
• Decision: A conscious choice
among alternative courses
of action.
• Therefore the 3 elements
are:
– A conscious choice among
alternatives
– A specific purpose
– A course of action

3. 3
Approaches to Decision Making
• Rational (Logical
Approach)
• Intuitive Approach
• Unable to decide
(Indecisive Approach)
• Impulsive Approach

4. 4
Kinds of Decisions a Supervisor Makes
• Routine data based
decisions
• Serious decisions having
important consequences
• Emergency decisions
requiring distinctiveness
• Problem- Solving
• Decisions beyond your
authority
* It is essential to recognize which decisions need to be made now and are most
important

5. 5
A Simple Version of Decision Making
(The Logical Approach)
• Define the problem (conditions
and limitations) and the set of
objectives
• Analyze the problem: fact finding
• Develop alternative solutions:
brainstorming
• Decide on the best solution
• Convert the decision into action
• Follow up

6. 6
Pattern of Problem Solving
• Describe the problem
• Search out the cause, get
the facts
• Define the real problem
and set objectives
• Develop alternative
solutions
• Decide on the best solution
• Implement the decision
• Follow up

7. 7
Participative Problem Solving
• Argument for Group Decision Making :
– You get more info. And expertise relevant to
the decision
– You get more good ideas and can generate
more and better alternatives
– People thinking together can arrive at better
decisions because of the stimulation and
interplay of different points of view
– Participants are more committed to carrying
out
– Coordination and communication are simpler
and better because everyone understands

8. 8
Participative Problem Solving
• Criticism of group decision
making:
– It takes longer in a group
– There is usually a dominator in a
group
– Group participants get involved in
winning arguments and showing
off
– If consensus is required people
may conform to get the meeting
over
– Consensus leads to mediocre
decisions

9. 9
Group Decision Making Works Best When:
• Members are accustom to
working together as a team
and having differing expertise
and point of view but common
goals
• The leader is skillful at keeping
the meeting on target
• The group is rewarded for
making good decisions

10. 10
Solving Peoples Problems
• Personal problems are not
yours to resolve but
LISTENING can help.
• Keep your own emotions
out of it.
• Try to identify the real
problem.
• If possible eliminate friction
(ex. Food Expeditor).

11. 11
Win-Win Problem Solving
• Win-Lose: You win, worker loses
• Lose-Win: You lose, worker wins
(retreat and appeasement, no
stand)
• Lose-Lose: The compromise
• Win-Win problem solving means
you find a decision that satisfies
both of you.
– Include worker from the
beginning: From defining the
problem to carrying out an
agreement

12. 12
Guidelines for Building Decision Making
Skills
• Be sure of your authority for
making decisions
• Accept responsibility fully
• Distinguish what's important
• Make the decision at the time it is
needed
• Be alert to signs of problems
needing solutions
• Keep an open mind

13. 13
Guidelines for Building Decision Making
Skills
• Don’t solicit advise but do
consult your supervisor when a
problem is beyond your ability
to solve
• Make sure that you are not
part of the problem
• Learn from your mistakes
• Evaluate your decisions when
carried out

14. 14
Controlling
• Controlling: process by which
supervisors measure, evaluate, and
compare results to goals, and standards
previously agreed upon, and take
corrective action when nessicary.
• Major area is COST.
• Productivity: efficiency which which
inputs are converted into outputs.
• Productivity standards: defined
acceptable quantity of work expected.
• Use control techniques.

15. 15
Controlling Techniques
• Require records and reports
• Develop and enforce performance
standards
• Develop and enforce productivity
standards Develop and enforce
departmental policies and procedures
• Observe and correct employee actions
• Train and retrain employees
• Discipline when appropriate
• Be a good role model