death and injury in infancy forensic
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The document discusses child abuse syndrome, including definitions, types of abuse (physical, sexual, emotional, medical, neglect), symptoms, signs, risk factors, complications, prevention, treatment, and coping strategies. The main types of abuse are physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, medical abuse, and neglect. Symptoms vary but may include behavioral changes, emotional issues, and physical signs of injury. Prevention focuses on providing love and supervision to children, knowing caregivers, and getting support. Treatment involves therapy and improving family relationships and attachment.
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death and injury in infancy forensic
- 2. Definition death @ injury in infancy Typically baby is in perfect health and is found dead next morning . Death in infancy can be happened during pregnancy and after delivery . Death are occurred the baby in malnutrition,infectious disease and the problems with the home environments. Lower respiratory infections (such as flu). Diarrheal diseases. Choking is a common cause of injury and death in infants primarily because their small airways are easily obstructed. It takes time for babies to master the ability to chew and swallow food, and babies might not be able to cough forcefully enough to dislodge an airway obstruction. As babies explore their environments, they also commonly put objects into their mouths — which can lead to infant choking.
- 3. Types of death and injury in infants are:
- 4. Causes of Infant death
- 5. Main cause
- 8. What can I do to prevent infants from death@injury Properly time the introduction of solid foods. Wait until your baby is at least 4 months old to introduce pureed solid foods. Don't offer high-risk foods. Don't give babies or young children hot dogs, chunks of meat or cheese, grapes, raw vegetables, or fruit chunks, unless they're cut up into small pieces. Supervise mealtime. As your child gets older, don't allow him or her to play, walk or run while eating. Carefully evaluate your child's toys. Don't allow your baby or toddler to play with latex balloons . Keep hazardous objects out of reach. Common household items that might pose a choking hazard include coins, button batteries, dice and pen caps.
- 10. DEFINITION: Any intentional harm or mistreatment to a child under 18 years old is considered child abuse.
- 11. Types of abuse Physical abuse. Physical child abuse occurs when a child is purposely physically injured or put at risk of harm by another person. Sexual abuse. Sexual child abuse is any sexual activity with a child, such as fondling, oral-genital contact, intercourse or exposure to child pornography. Emotional abuse. Emotional child abuse means injuring a child's self-esteem or emotional well-being. It includes verbal and emotional assault — such as continually belittling or berating a child — as well as isolating, ignoring or rejecting a child.
- 12. Medical abuse. When someone purposely makes a child sick, requiring medical attention, it puts the child in serious danger of injury and unnecessary medical care. This may be due to a mental disorder called factitious disorder imposed on another, such as a parent harming a child. Neglect. Child neglect is failure to provide adequate food, shelter, affection, supervision, education or medical care.
- 14. Symptoms A child who's being abused may feel guilty, ashamed or confused. He or she may be afraid to tell anyone about the abuse, especially if the abuser is a parent, other relative or family friend. In fact, the child may have an apparent fear of parents, adult caregivers or family friends.
- 15. Withdrawal from friends or usual activities Changes in behavior — such as aggression, anger, hostility or hyperactivity — or changes in school performance Depression, anxiety or unusual fears or a sudden loss of self-confidence An apparent lack of supervision Frequent absences from school or reluctance to ride the school bus Reluctance to leave school activities, as if he or she doesn't want to go home Attempts at running away Rebellious or defiant behavior Attempts at suicide
- 16. Physical abuse signs and symptoms Unexplained injuries, such as bruises, fractures or burns Injuries that don't match the given explanation Untreated medical or dental problems
- 17. Sexual abuse signs and symptoms Sexual behavior or knowledge that's inappropriate for the child's age Pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection Blood in the child's underwear Statements that he or she was sexually abused Trouble walking or sitting or complaints of genital pain Abuse of other children sexually
- 18. Emotional abuse signs and symptoms Delayed or inappropriate emotional development Loss of self-confidence or self-esteem Social withdrawal or a loss of interest or enthusiasm Depression Headaches or stomachaches with no medical cause Avoidance of certain situations, such as refusing to go to school or ride the bus Desperately seeks affection A decrease in school performance or loss of interest in school Loss of previously acquired developmental skills
- 19. Neglect signs and symptoms Poor growth or weight gain Poor hygiene Lack of clothing or supplies to meet physical needs Taking food or money without permission Eating a lot in one sitting or hiding food for later Poor record of school attendance Lack of appropriate attention for medical, dental or psychological problems or lack of necessary follow-up care Emotional swings that are inappropriate or out of context to the situation Indifference
- 20. Parental behavior Shows little concern for the child Appears unable to recognize physical or emotional distress in the child Denies that any problems exist at home or school, or blames the child for the problems Expects the child to provide him or her with attention and care and seems jealous of other family members getting attention from the child Uses physical discipline or asks teachers to do so Severely limits the child's contact with others
- 21. Risk factors Factors that may increase a person's risk of becoming abusive include: A history of being abused or neglected as a child Physical or mental illness, such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Family crisis or stress, including domestic violence and other marital conflicts, single parenting, or young children in the family, especially several children under age 5 A child in the family who is developmentally or physically disabled Financial stress or unemployment Social or extended family isolation Poor understanding of child development and parenting skills Alcoholism or other forms of substance abuse
- 22. Complications Some children overcome the physical and psychological effects of child abuse, particularly those with strong social support who can adapt and cope with bad experiences. For many others, however, child abuse may result in physical, behavioral, emotional or mental issues Physical issues Death Physical disabilities and health problems Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Mental disorders Eating disorders Personality disorders Depression Anxiety Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Sleep disturbances
- 23. Behavioral issues violent behavior Abuse of others Suicide attempts or self-injury High-risk sexual behaviors or teen pregnancy Problems in school Limited social and relationship skills Emotional issues Difficulty establishing or maintaining relationships An unhealthy view of parenthood
- 24. Prevention Offer your child love and attention. Be involved in his or her life to develop trust and good communication. Don't respond in anger. Don't take out your anger on your child. Think supervision. Don't leave a young child home alone. Know your child's caregivers. Check references for baby sitters and other caregivers. Teach your child how to stay safe online. Put the computer in a common area of your home, not the child's bedroom. Reach out. Meet the families in your neighborhood, including parents and children.
- 25. Treatment 1.Talk therapy, also called psychotherapy, can: Help a child who has been abused learn to trust again Teach a child about normal behavior and relationships Teach a child conflict management and boost self-esteem 2. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. This type of therapy helps an abused child to better manage distressing feelings. 3. Child-parent psychotherapy. This treatment focuses on improving the parent-child relationship and on building a stronger attachment between the two.
- 26. Coping and support Encourage the child to tell you what happened. Allow the child to explain what happened. Remind the child that he or she isn't responsible for the abuse. Say "It's not your fault" over and over again. Report the abuse. Contact a local child protective agency or the police department. Seek medical attention. If necessary, help the child seek appropriate medical care. Help the child remain safe. Ensure the child's safety by separating the abuser and the child. Consider additional support. You might help the child seek counseling or other mental health treatment. If the abuse has occurred at school, make sure the principal of the school is aware of the situation
Editor's Notes
- Donut with text inside (Intermediate) To reproduce the circle effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut. Drag the yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left to decrease the width of the donut. Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 5.92”. In the Shape Width box, enter 5.92”. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 25% (fifth row, seventh option from the left). Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Effects, and then do the following: Point to Bevel, and then under Bevel click Soft Round (second row, second option from the left). Point to Shadow, and then under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Right (first row, first option from the left). To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Consolas from the Font list, enter 27 in the Font Size box, click the button next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Tip: To enter the two bullets with the text, on the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Symbol. In the Symbol dialog box, do the following: In the Font list, select (normal text). In the Character Code box, enter 0095 to select BULLET, and then click Insert. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. Select the text box. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, and then do the following: Point to Shadow, and then under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Right (first row, first option from the left). Point to Transform, and then under Follow Path click Circle (third option from the left). Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 4.78”. In the Shape Width box, enter 4.78”. Drag the text box onto the donut shape so that the text wraps around the donut. If the text does not wrap completely and evenly around the donut shape, select the text box and then do the following: If the text does not wrap completely around the donut shape, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, enter larger font sizes in 1-pt increments until the text is evenly spaced within the donut shape. If the entire line of text does not fit evenly within the donut shape, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, enter smaller font sizes in 1-pt increments until the text is evenly spaced within the donut shape. If the text does not wrap completely around or does not fit evenly within the donut shape, also try editing the Character Spacing. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then do the following: To expand the text, in the Character Spacing list, select Loose or Very Loose. To contract the text, in the Character Spacing list, select Tight or Very Tight. For more precise character spacing, click More Spacing. In the Font dialog box, on the Character Spacing tab, in the Spacing list, select Expanded or Condensed. In the By box, adjust the size by 0.1-pt increments until the text is spaced evenly. Press and hold SHIFT and select the text box and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group. Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Center. Click Align Middle. To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial. Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Aqua, Accent 5, Darker 25% (fifth row, ninth option from the left). Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 54%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Aqua, Accent 5, Darker 50% (sixth row, ninth option from the left). Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).