Child abuse can cause physical, emotional and psychological harm to children. There are many forms of child maltreatment including neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, exploitation and emotional abuse. Physical abuse occurs when a caregiver causes injury to a child through actions such as hitting, kicking or burning. Sexual abuse involves an adult using a child for sexual purposes or involving a child in sexual acts. Emotional abuse damages a child's mental health through actions like rejecting, humiliating or terrorizing the child. Child neglect involves the failure to provide for a child's basic needs like adequate food, clothing, hygiene and supervision. Various laws and schemes in India work to define and prevent different forms of child abuse and protect children's rights.

2.  Child abuse is when a parent or caregiver,
whether through action or failing to act, causes
injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious
harm to a child.
 There are many forms of child maltreatment,
including neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse,
exploitation, and emotional abuse.

3.  According to UNICEF violence against children
can be "physical and mental abuse and injury,
neglect or negligent treatment, exploitation
and sexual abuse. Violence may take place in
homes, schools, orphanages, residential care
facilities, on the streets, in the workplace, in
prisons and in places of detention."

4.  28.3% of adults report being physically abused
as a child.
 Physical abuse includes striking, kicking,
burning, biting, hair pulling, choking, throwing,
or any other action that injures a child. Even if
the caregiver didn’t mean to cause injury,
when the child is injured it is abuse.

5. Physical abuse can result in:
 Bruises, blisters, burns, cuts and scratches
 Internal injuries, brain damage
 Broken bones, sprains, dislocated joints
 Emotional and psychological harm
 Lifelong injury, death

6.  Physical:
 Any injury to a child who is not crawling yet
 Visible and severe injuries
 Injuries at different stages of healing
 Unexplained or explained in a way that doesn’t make
sense
 Frequency, timing and history of injuries (frequent,
after weekends, vacations, school absences)

7. Behavioral:
 Aggression toward peers, pets, other animals
 Seems afraid of parents or other adults
 Fear, withdrawal, depression, anxiety
 Wears long sleeves out of season
 Violent themes in fantasy, art, etc.
 Nightmares, insomnia
 Reports injury, severe discipline
 Immaturity, acting out, emotional and behavior extremes

8.  Sexual abuse occurs when an adult uses a
child for sexual purposes or involves a child in
sexual acts.
 20.7% of adults report being sexually abused
as a child.

9. Sexual abuse of children includes:
 Non-contact abuse
 Making a child view a sex act
 Making a child view or show sex organs
 Inappropriate sexual talk
 Contact abuse
 Penetration
 Making children perform a sex act
 Exploitation
 Child prostitution and child pornography

10.  Physical:
 Difficulty sitting, walking, bowel problems
 Torn, stained, bloody undergarments
 Bleeding, bruises, pain, swelling, itching of genital
area
 Frequent urinary tract infections or yeast infections
 Any sexually transmitted disease or related symptoms

11.  Behavioral:
 Doesn’t want to change clothes
 Withdrawn, depressed, anxious
 Eating disorders, preoccupation with body
 Aggression, delinquency, poor peer relationships
 Poor self-image, poor self-care, lack of confidence
 Sudden absenteeism, decline in school performance

12.  Substance abuse, running away, suicide attempts
 Sleep disturbance, fear of bedtime, nightmares, bed wetting
(at advanced age)
 Sexual acting out, excessive masturbation
 Unusual or repetitive soothing behaviors (hand-washing,
pacing, rocking, etc.)
 Sexual behavior or knowledge that is advanced or unusual
 Reports sexual abuse
 Abuse

13.  When a parent or caregiver harms a child’s
mental and social development, or causes
severe emotional harm, it is considered
emotional abuse.
 10.6% of adults report being
emotionally abused as a child.

14.  Rejecting or ignoring: telling a child he or she is
unwanted or unloved, showing little interest in child,
not initiating or returning affection, not listening to
the child, not validating the child’s feelings, breaking
promises, cutting child off in conversation
 Shaming or humiliating: calling a child names,
criticizing, demeaning, mocking, using language or
taking action that takes aim at child’s feelings of self-
worth

15.  Terrorizing: accusing, blaming, insulting, punishing with
or threatening abandonment, harm or death, setting a
child up for failure, manipulating, taking advantage of a
child’s weakness or reliance on adults; screaming.
 Isolating: keeping child from peers and positive
activities, confining child to small area, forbidding play
or other stimulating experiences
 Corrupting: engaging child in criminal acts, telling lies to
justify actions or ideas, encouraging misbehavior

16.  Physical:
 Delays in development
 Wetting bed, pants
 Speech disorders
 Health problems like ulcers, skin disorders
 Obesity and weight fluctuation

17.  Behavioral:
 Habits like sucking, biting, rocking
 Learning disabilities and developmental delays
 Overly compliant or defensive
 Extreme emotions, aggression, withdrawal
 Anxieties, phobias, sleep disorders
 Destructive or anti-social behaviors (violence, cruelty,
vandalism, stealing, cheating, lying)
 Behavior that is inappropriate for age (too adult, too infantile)
 Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

18.  Child neglect is when a parent or caregiver
does not give the care, supervision, affection
and support needed for a child’s health,
safety and well-being.
Child neglect includes:
 Physical neglect and inadequate supervision
 Emotional neglect
 Medical neglect
 Educational neglect

19.  Children need enough care to be healthy and
enough supervision to be safe.
 Adults that care for children must provide clothing,
food, and drink.
 A child also needs safe, healthy shelter, and
adequate supervision.

20. Examples of physical neglect:
 Deserting a child or refusing to take custody of a child
who is under your care
 Repeatedly leaving a child in another’s custody for
days or weeks at a time
 Failing to provide enough healthy food and drink
 Failing to provide clothes that are appropriate to the
weather
 Failing to ensure adequate personal hygiene
 Not supervising a child appropriately
 Leaving the child with an inappropriate caregiver
 Exposing a child to unsafe/unsanitary environments or
situations

21.  Children require enough affection and attention
to feel loved and supported. If a child shows
signs of psychological illness, it must be treated.
Examples of emotional neglect:
 Ignoring a child’s need for attention, affection,
and emotional support
 Exposing a child to extreme or frequent
violence, especially domestic violence
 Permitting a child to use drugs, use alcohol, or
engage in crime
 Keeping a child isolated from friends and loved
ones

22.  Parents and caregivers must provide children with
appropriate treatment for injuries and illness.They
must also provide basic preventive care to make sure
their child stays safe and healthy.
Examples of medical neglect:
 Not taking child to hospital or appropriate medical
professional for serious illness or injury.
 Keeping a child from getting needed treatment
 Not providing preventative medical and dental care
 Failing to follow medical recommendations for a
child

23.  Parents and schools share responsibility for
making sure children have access to opportunities
for academic success.
Examples of educational neglect:
 Allowing a child to miss too much school
 Not enrolling a child in school (or not providing
comparable home-based education)
 Keeping a child from needed special education
services

24. While a single indicator may not be cause for alarm, children
who are neglected often show that they need help:
 Clothing that is the wrong size, in disrepair, dirty, or not right
for the weather
 Often hungry, stockpiles food, seeks food, may even show
signs of malnutrition (like distended belly, protruding bones)
 Very low body weight, height for age
 Often tired, sleepy, listless
 Hygiene problems, body odor
 Talks about caring for younger siblings, not having a
caregiver at home
 Untreated medical and dental problems, incomplete
immunizations
 Truancy, frequently incomplete homework, frequent changes
of school

25.  The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences
(POCSO) Act 2012
 The POCSO Act 2012 defines a child as any person
below the age of 18 years and provides protection
to all children under the age of 18 years from
sexual abuse.
 It also intends to protect the child through all
stages of judicial process and gives paramount
importance to the principle of "best interest of the
child".

26.  Penetrative and aggravated penetrative
sexual assault, sexual and aggravated sexual
assault, sexual harassment, and using a child
for pornographic purposes are the five
offences against children that are covered by
this act.

27.  Ministry ofWomen and Child Development in 2006
introduced this scheme
 The purpose of this scheme is to provide for
children in difficult circumstances as well as to
reduce the risk and vulnerabilities children have in
various situations and action that lead to abuse,
neglect, exploitation, abandonment and
separation of children

28. Causes are;
Poverty, child trafficking, ignorance of parents,
discrimination of gender, prostitution..etc
Laws:
1.The Child Labour Act-1986
2.The Factories Act- 1948
3.The Mines Act- 1952..etc
Other acts;
1.The Child marriage restraint Act- 1986
2.The Juvanile Justice act 2000
3.The Pre conception and Pre NatalDiagnostic
Technique Act 2002

29.  Article 24: strictly prohibits children to work in
hazardous environment
 Article 21 and 45: right to education to all
children below age of 14
 Article 39: it declares the duty of the state to
provide the children a free environment to
develop and to live with dignity
Child labour in domestic work has been strictly
banned by the Government because of the
increased cases of sexual abuse

30. By Govt. of India in the Ministry of Social and
Women welfare in 1975
Objectives are;
 To improve the nutritional and health status
of children in the age group of 0-6 years
 To lay the foundations of proper
psychological, physical and social
development of child
 To reduce mortality, morbidity, malnutrition
and school drop outs. ….

31.  To achieve an effective coordination of policy and
implementation among the various departments
working for the promotion of child welfare
 To enhance the capability of the mother and
nutritional needs of the child through proper
nutrition and health education.
ICDS give special concentration to Pregnant
mothers, Nursing mothers, Adolescent girls,
Children less than 3 years and between the age
group of 3-6 yrs

32. Thank you