The document discusses several topics:
1. It questions the reliability of eyewitness testimony and explores whether animals can exhibit superstitious behaviors.
2. It defines superstition and explains how Clever Hans the horse could only answer questions when he could see his trainer, highlighting the importance of experimental design.
3. It covers topics in chemistry including the elements that make up the human body, atomic structure, and how atoms bond together to form molecules through ionic and covalent bonding.
Research and write a brief essay describing a specific example of wh.docxrgladys1
Research and write a brief essay describing a specific example of when molecular clocks were used to
determine when two species diverged from each other. Explain how this was done.
Your essay should be at least 2 paragraphs long. Remember to write in complete sentences, using appropriate grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Be sure to cite any sources that you use.
Note: If you do not personally believe in evolution, that is fine. However, I still need you to write this essay explaining how supporting scientists believe molecular clocks have been used to show when two species diverged from each other.
here is the material.
The world around us is full of interactions between different types of matter. All of these interactions are caused by one of four fundamental forces; gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force.
Gravity
Gravity is the attractive force felt between any two objects. The magnitude of this force is determined by the mass of the objects and the distance between them. While there is gravity between small items like you and your best friend, your masses are so small that this force is undetectable. This force is responsible for the Earth orbiting the Sun, objects falling to the ground, and the ocean tides.
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is the force responsible for the attraction and repulsion between charged particles and magnets. As all of matter is made up of charged particles (protons and electrons), this force is responsible for almost all of the interactions between matter. This force works on the submicroscopic scale (proton and electron interactions) and the macroscopic scale (interactions between people and the things around them).
Strong Nuclear Force
The strongest of the four fundamental forces, the strong nuclear force is responsible for holding together the nucleus of an atom. The repulsive forces between protons is quite large, and this force overcomes that. However, this force is very short ranged and can only be felt within the atom.
Weak Nuclear Force
The weak nuclear force is also very short ranged and is responsible for nuclear decay. This force helps unstable atoms to decay into more stable nuclei. The force is responsible for the emission of radiation and energy during nuclear reactions.
Force
Magnitude
Range
strong nuclear
strongest force
within a nucleus
electromagnetism
much weaker than strong nuclear
infinite
weak nuclear
much weaker than electromagnetism
0.1% the diameter of a proton
gravity
weakest force
infinite
One of the current goals in physics research is the unification of these four forces. Two have them have already been unified, electromagnetism and weak nuclear are together called the electroweak force. There are several theories allowing for
The theory of evolution states that organisms change over time. Evolution can mean large changes, such as when species split from each other, and small changes like the shape of a b.
Research and write a brief essay describing a specific example of wh.docxrgladys1
Research and write a brief essay describing a specific example of when molecular clocks were used to
determine when two species diverged from each other. Explain how this was done.
Your essay should be at least 2 paragraphs long. Remember to write in complete sentences, using appropriate grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Be sure to cite any sources that you use.
Note: If you do not personally believe in evolution, that is fine. However, I still need you to write this essay explaining how supporting scientists believe molecular clocks have been used to show when two species diverged from each other.
here is the material.
The world around us is full of interactions between different types of matter. All of these interactions are caused by one of four fundamental forces; gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force.
Gravity
Gravity is the attractive force felt between any two objects. The magnitude of this force is determined by the mass of the objects and the distance between them. While there is gravity between small items like you and your best friend, your masses are so small that this force is undetectable. This force is responsible for the Earth orbiting the Sun, objects falling to the ground, and the ocean tides.
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is the force responsible for the attraction and repulsion between charged particles and magnets. As all of matter is made up of charged particles (protons and electrons), this force is responsible for almost all of the interactions between matter. This force works on the submicroscopic scale (proton and electron interactions) and the macroscopic scale (interactions between people and the things around them).
Strong Nuclear Force
The strongest of the four fundamental forces, the strong nuclear force is responsible for holding together the nucleus of an atom. The repulsive forces between protons is quite large, and this force overcomes that. However, this force is very short ranged and can only be felt within the atom.
Weak Nuclear Force
The weak nuclear force is also very short ranged and is responsible for nuclear decay. This force helps unstable atoms to decay into more stable nuclei. The force is responsible for the emission of radiation and energy during nuclear reactions.
Force
Magnitude
Range
strong nuclear
strongest force
within a nucleus
electromagnetism
much weaker than strong nuclear
infinite
weak nuclear
much weaker than electromagnetism
0.1% the diameter of a proton
gravity
weakest force
infinite
One of the current goals in physics research is the unification of these four forces. Two have them have already been unified, electromagnetism and weak nuclear are together called the electroweak force. There are several theories allowing for
The theory of evolution states that organisms change over time. Evolution can mean large changes, such as when species split from each other, and small changes like the shape of a b.
Early Life takes holdThe purpose of this assignment is to all.docxaryan532920
" Early Life takes hold"
The purpose of this assignment is to allow students to "travel back in time" with the latest in technology…. to seek scientific answers to questions about early life on earth. To boldly go where no one has ever gone before…(ok just kidding on that last part!!) ! There are a total of 30 questions. Each question will be worth .5 points.. Your final thought question is worth 5 points for a total of 20 points
Helpful hints: Numbers in purple represent minutes into the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJQ4r81DZtY Origins of Life
1. Early Earth’s environment:
What was early earth like 4 billion years ago? (3:15)
1. What color was the sky and the ocean?
2. What gases were present in the atmosphere? Was oxygen present? What was the sun like?
3. What was the heavy bombardment?
2. Hostile earth and Cave Research : (5:00)
1. Why did researchers Penne Boston and Donnie Northup travel to these remote caves? (5:20) ( What was the question the researchers were asking?)
2. Why did the researchers wear gas masks during their exploration of the cave?
3. What are “Snottites” and what do they use to grow (what is their energy source)?
4. Why was the discovery of these Snottites significant?
3. Carbon and the clues it leaves behind: (time 13:20)
1. What ingredients are necessary for life?(what four elements) (13:40)Why is carbon the” star of the show?
2. Briefly describe the Stanley Miller experiment of the 1950s (14:45) Why is there controversy over Miller's experiment today?
3. According to the film, when is it hypothesized that life began?
4. Ancient rocks :
1. What clues, regarding early life, did Steven Mojsis. find in ancient rocks?
2. Where did he find these rocks?
5. Space Dust: (21:35)
1. Don Browing's Assumption: all building blocks for life were destroyed when a rocky sphere the size of mars collided with earth …….if that assumption were true then he believes building blocks of life must have come from where?
2. How old is asteroid dust?
3. Did Space dust contain any building blocks of life?
6. Falling Meteors: (23:00)
1. What was found in the1960 meteorite that fell in Australia and why is this significant?
2. What was the question Jennifer Blank was asking in her research? (26:00)
3. Describe Dr. Blank’s experiment . What speed did she shoot her "bullet" at?
4. What were her results?
7. The leap to DNA:
"But the leap with DNA? It is still staggeringly complex. No one knows how it started or what course it took" According to the documentary, have we yet created life in the lab from non-life?
8. To take hold, perhaps life needed a safe haven: Deep within the earth (31:50)
"If life could survive an impact, could it survive impacts from other meteors? "
1. Describe the temperature , pressure and light deep within the earth's surface
2. What are these microbes eating?
3. How often do these microbes reproduce?
9. The Ocean: (36:00)
1. What have marine biologists discovered on the ocean floor that allows f ...
My Passion For Science
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This presentation was given at the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) Congress in Prague during July 2009. It offers some reflections on both the why and how to for introducing an ethics component into bioscience courses. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of case studies, including scenarios posed in video clips (for copyright reasons the latter are not included here).
Presentation (c) Chris Willmott, 2009
Early Life takes holdThe purpose of this assignment is to all.docxaryan532920
" Early Life takes hold"
The purpose of this assignment is to allow students to "travel back in time" with the latest in technology…. to seek scientific answers to questions about early life on earth. To boldly go where no one has ever gone before…(ok just kidding on that last part!!) ! There are a total of 30 questions. Each question will be worth .5 points.. Your final thought question is worth 5 points for a total of 20 points
Helpful hints: Numbers in purple represent minutes into the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJQ4r81DZtY Origins of Life
1. Early Earth’s environment:
What was early earth like 4 billion years ago? (3:15)
1. What color was the sky and the ocean?
2. What gases were present in the atmosphere? Was oxygen present? What was the sun like?
3. What was the heavy bombardment?
2. Hostile earth and Cave Research : (5:00)
1. Why did researchers Penne Boston and Donnie Northup travel to these remote caves? (5:20) ( What was the question the researchers were asking?)
2. Why did the researchers wear gas masks during their exploration of the cave?
3. What are “Snottites” and what do they use to grow (what is their energy source)?
4. Why was the discovery of these Snottites significant?
3. Carbon and the clues it leaves behind: (time 13:20)
1. What ingredients are necessary for life?(what four elements) (13:40)Why is carbon the” star of the show?
2. Briefly describe the Stanley Miller experiment of the 1950s (14:45) Why is there controversy over Miller's experiment today?
3. According to the film, when is it hypothesized that life began?
4. Ancient rocks :
1. What clues, regarding early life, did Steven Mojsis. find in ancient rocks?
2. Where did he find these rocks?
5. Space Dust: (21:35)
1. Don Browing's Assumption: all building blocks for life were destroyed when a rocky sphere the size of mars collided with earth …….if that assumption were true then he believes building blocks of life must have come from where?
2. How old is asteroid dust?
3. Did Space dust contain any building blocks of life?
6. Falling Meteors: (23:00)
1. What was found in the1960 meteorite that fell in Australia and why is this significant?
2. What was the question Jennifer Blank was asking in her research? (26:00)
3. Describe Dr. Blank’s experiment . What speed did she shoot her "bullet" at?
4. What were her results?
7. The leap to DNA:
"But the leap with DNA? It is still staggeringly complex. No one knows how it started or what course it took" According to the documentary, have we yet created life in the lab from non-life?
8. To take hold, perhaps life needed a safe haven: Deep within the earth (31:50)
"If life could survive an impact, could it survive impacts from other meteors? "
1. Describe the temperature , pressure and light deep within the earth's surface
2. What are these microbes eating?
3. How often do these microbes reproduce?
9. The Ocean: (36:00)
1. What have marine biologists discovered on the ocean floor that allows f ...
My Passion For Science
Reflective Essay On Science
Value of Science Essay
Electricity Energy Story
Science and Literature Essay
Environmental Science Essay
What Is Earth Science? Essay
Why Science Is Important?
Ethics in Science Essay
Physical Science Reflection
Science Essay
Science and Religion Essays
This presentation was given at the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) Congress in Prague during July 2009. It offers some reflections on both the why and how to for introducing an ethics component into bioscience courses. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of case studies, including scenarios posed in video clips (for copyright reasons the latter are not included here).
Presentation (c) Chris Willmott, 2009
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
6. Definition of Superstition
• that one event leads to the cause of another
without any process in the physical world
linking the two events.
7. Why does Tipsy do this?
• Because it seems to work!
• Associate two events together
• Athletes are often superstitious
• Fairy tales, epic stories
• Stories about birth, death, healing
• Superstition is no substitution for
understanding how the world works.
• Scientific method
8. Clever Hans
Hans could
only answer
the question
if he could
see his
trainer!
9. Experimental Designs
Blind experimental design
• The experimental subjects do not know which
treatment (if any) they are receiving.
Double-blind experimental design
• Neither the experimental subjects nor the
experimenter knows which treatment the
subject is receiving.
10. If you wanted to test if antibacterial soap
worked better than regular soap, which
answer has the strongest experimental
design?
1. Have people in the experiment wash with antibacterial
soap first and later with regular soap and compare.
2. Have two groups of people wash with either
antibacterial soap or regular soap and compare.
3. Have two groups of people wash with either
antibacterial or regular soap, without knowing which
type of soap is being used, and compare.
4. Have two groups of people wash with either
antibacterial or regular soap, with neither the
researchers nor the groups knowing which type of soap
is being used, and compare.
11. If you wanted to test if antibacterial soap
worked better than regular soap, which
answer has the strongest experimental
design?
1. Have people in the experiment wash with antibacterial
soap first and later with regular soap and compare.
2. Have two groups of people wash with either
antibacterial soap or regular soap and compare.
3. Have two groups of people wash with either
antibacterial or regular soap, without knowing which
type of soap is being used, and compare.
4. Have two groups of people wash with either
antibacterial or regular soap, with neither the
researchers nor the groups knowing which type of soap
is being used, and compare.
12.
13. Making Wise Decisions
About Concrete Things
Does having access to a textbook help a
student to perform better in a biology
class?
• Students who had access to a textbook scored
an average of 81% ± 8% on their exams…
• …while those who did not scored an average
of 76% ± 7%.
14. What is the average range
of scores for students who
do not use textbooks while
studying?
1. 90 to 100%
2. 95%
3. 5565%
4. 65%
15. What is the average range
of scores for students who
do not use textbooks while
studying?
1. 90 to 100%
2. 95%
3. 5565%
4. 65%
16. 1. Pseudoscience: individuals make
scientific-sounding claims that are not
supported by trustworthy, methodical
scientific studies.
2. Anecdotal observations: based on only
one or a few observations, people
conclude that there is or is not a link
between two things.
17. “Four out of five dentists surveyed
recommend sugarless gum for their patients
who chew gum.”
“How do they know what they know?”
Maybe the statement is factually true, but the
general relationship it implies may not be.
18. Anecdotal Observations
do not include a
sufficiently large and
representative set of
observations of the
world
data are more
reliable than
anecdotes
19. Science is a way to call the bluff of those
who only pretend to knowledge. It is a
bulwark against mysticism, against
superstition, against religion misapplied to
where it has no business being. If we’re
true to its values, it can tell us when we’re
being lied to.
—Carl Sagan
20. Chapter 2: Chemistry
Raw materials and fuel for our bodies
Lectures by Mark Manteuffel, St. Louis Community College; Clicker Questions by Kristen Curran, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
21. 2.1 Everything is made of atoms.
An element is a
substance that cannot
be broken down
chemically into any other
substances.
An atom is a bit of
matter that cannot be
subdivided any further
without losing its
essential properties.
25. What characteristic of an atom gives it its
chemical properties?
1. the number of protons
2. the number of neutrons
3. the number of electrons
4. the number of electrons in its
outer orbital
26. What characteristic of an atom gives it its
chemical properties?
1. the number of protons
2. the number of neutrons
3. the number of electrons
4. the number of electrons in its
outer orbital
27. 2.3 Atoms can bond together to form
molecules or compounds.
30. A sodium ion is positively charged (+1). How
many electrons did it originally have in its outer
orbital as a sodium atom?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 7
5. 6
31. A sodium ion is positively charged (+1). How
many electrons did it originally have in its outer
orbital as a sodium atom?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 7
5. 6
32. A chloride ion is negatively charged (1). How
many electrons did it originally have in its outer
orbital as a chlorine atom?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 7
5. 6
33. A chloride ion is negatively charged (1). How
many electrons did it originally have in its outer
orbital as a chlorine atom?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 7
5. 6
34. Potassium chloride (KCl) is formed using ionic
bonding. Potassium ions have a net positive charge
(+1). Chloride ions have a net negative charge (1).
How many electrons were in the outer orbital of the
potassium (K) and chloride (Cl) atoms?
1. K=7; Cl=7
2. K=1; Cl=6
3. K=7; Cl=6
4. K=1; Cl=7
35. Potassium chloride (KCl) is formed using ionic
bonding. Potassium ions have a net positive charge
(+1). Chloride ions have a net negative charge (1).
How many electrons were in the outer orbital of the
potassium (K) and chloride (Cl) atoms?
1. K=7; Cl=7
2. K=1; Cl=6
3. K=7; Cl=6
4. K=1; Cl=7
36.
37. 2.4 A molecule’s shape gives it
unique characteristics.
Molecular Personalities
Shape determines function
• Physical properties such as:
»Taste
»Smell