- A scientific theory is a hypothesis that has been tested multiple times and proven accurate through reliable experiments and evidence. It can take months or years to gather enough evidence through various tests to prove a scientific theory. - To create a scientific theory, a hypothesis must first be made and then tests and research conducted to collect information and evidence to prove the hypothesis accurately. Repeated experiments and research are needed to fully prove the hypothesis and elevate it to the status of a scientific theory. - Resistance to new scientific theories often arises because more evidence, predictions, experiments and different methods are needed to fully develop the theory and address doubts within the scientific community.

1. What is a scientific theory?
• Is a scientific hypothesis which has been tested various times for scientist to be
prove which then becomes a scientific theory
• This can take months or years to prove scientific theory based on having accurate
research and evidence
• Test occurred have to be reliable and proven various times so that it is accurate.
• There are test like blind test that are meant to be taken to prove the hypothesis.
• Has to be a reasonable amount of accurate evidence to prove the theory to exist.
• Theories have been found by scientist but not proven fully because test have failed
or there is not enough evidence.
• How to create a scientific theory: Firstly a hypothesis has to be made than tests
and information has to be collected and has to be proven accurately. A few tests
and research is needed to prove the hypothesis and if the evidence support the
hypothesis than it scientific theory has been proven
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https://www.google.co.uk/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=Fh_BVO7tOKuCiAbA_IAY#q=what+is+the+cell+theory

2. Cell Theory
Reena Kang

3. How is the Cell Theory proven?
How are cells ‘the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the
basic unit of reproduction?’
Firstly in the 17th century the theory was proven due to a microscope.
This theory depends on the biology foundation. This theory explains
how new cells are created by other existing cells and also ‘ and that the
cell is a fundamental unit of structure, function and organization in all
living organisms.’
https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Cell_theor
y.html

4. Robert Hooke
• In 1665 Hooke discovered cells. He found this discovery of slicing a cork
and small pores were present he decided to call them cells. What he
couldn’t figure out was what the cells structure and function was an the
organelles or nucleus was not presented in his research. His hypothesis
did not support the tests he had done. Hooke began the idea of the cell
existing.
A method he used to figure out the hypothesis was looking into the slice of
crock with a microscope at 50x which shown hundreds of different cells. His
hypothesis was not proven due to lack of information and accurate result
and test he had done. He has only done one test which was not enough to
prove the theory.

5. Theory development
Firstly Robert Hooke began his theory of discovering a sliced cork and names it as
‘cells’’
Secondly Anton Van Leewenhoek was into glasses which used draper to identify the
quality of the cloth. He learnt methods of how to find and polish lenses which gives
magnifications 270x diameter. From this he can identify and define how the bacteria
looks like and this produces a purer picture. In 1674 he discovered animalcule which
referred to little animals meaning moving organism. He saw this is bacteria and the cell
theory was similar to the vitalim theories which was known before the discovery of
cells. However in 1683 he found bacteria with ‘animalcule’ in the mouth coming from
saliva.
http://www.preceden.com/timelines/46013-contributions-to-cell-theory#s
http://www.preceden.com/timelines/46013-contributions-to-cell-theory
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6. However cells were found in plants also founded by Mathhias Scheleiden.
Therefore in 1839 Theodor Schwann discovered how the animals consists of cells
and this supports Scheledien theory. To conclude this there is evidence discovered
by Rudolph Virchow which explains that there are living organism in the world
which make up the world.
Fourthly Henri Dutrochet expressed his idea of ‘ the fundamental tenets of
modern cell theory’ claiming that "The cell is the fundamental element of
organization’’
The research and observations done by all scientish came to the devlopemnt of
the cello theory and it is now stated that the coneection with cells and living things
is proven. The Cell Theory says:
1. living thing/organism consist of cells and their products
2. Cells are firstly divided to become a new cell
3. Cells have a ‘basic building unit of life’

8. Question science can answer
• Science can answer some question such as how the sun gives off light
to the world but science can not decide either that the answer
depends or moral beliefs. The result is the scientific proof. Science
can not be wrong or right because of the different results they
produce and can no decided their moral choice of what it is.
Another example is eating fat food. Science will tell us the
advantages and disadvantage of the food but does not make our
choice for us to tell us that it is good or bad for us.
Science doesn’t explain how to use the result they have provide for you
and also does not make an aesthetic conclusion.

9. Question science can answer
• How is the world made out of an atom?
A sub-atomic particle has been proven by 3 way that scientist have looked into.
- The periodic table – which tells us that ‘combination of chemical compounds’ and the properties and similar
structure these atoms have. The weight of the element explains the chemical properties of it.
- Discover of J.J. Thompson the’ discharge of effect of electricity in gasses’ which he discovered the information
of small particles now known as electron. They was called ‘cathode rays’ due to them coming from cathode (
a negative elctrode) of release of the tubes. Then electron formed into beams which is shown on television.
- Than in 1875 Roentgen found how protons was formed and nucleus was formed
- Then protons was neutrons and radioactive atoms were discovered which make up an atom.
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- Tests were done to prove that each step was accurate and can be done again to have evidence that it is true.
- This website explains in more detail of what happens and the long process it had token to explain how the
world was made out of atoms :
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- http://education.jlab.org/qa/history_04.html
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10. Questions science cannot answer
What happens when we die?
There are 2 stages of dying:
- Clinical death – Individuals hearts doesn’t pump blood and stops breathing
- Biological death - The cells are not working and the organs and brain switched off
After these stages it is certain we will not wake up and we don’t know what happens whilst we are dead.
We can argue that we don’t know what can happen, but then religious beliefs that have been around for centuries can have a answer to what happens after death but that is
not proven scientifically. After a human dies we cant takes test on them because their body is not awake neither is their brain so no response will be given to have evidence or
proof. No one has discovered how to operate with a dead human being because it has not be discovered due to the knowledge and research scientist know themselves.
The basic knowledge is that dependant on clinical death or biologically death this is when the human is awake because the human can give responses otherwise when dead
the body doesn’t responded to anything.
These types of question scientists have discovered but are not fully proven because they do not have enough evidence to prove it. Other questions that cannot be answered
are:
How the world was created?
Does God exist?
Why we sleep?
These questions fail to have accurate result to support the idea of being true.
http://www.buzzfeed.com/kellyoakes/big-questions-science-still-needs-to-answer#.bu28ArbdG

11. What is science addressing
In the 21st century scientists are trying to figure out:
How to cure cancer?
How to create a vampire robot to cure brains blood clot?
Weather controlling lasers.
Scientists are still trying to find information and get a result to these
questions so they can be proven as a scientific theory and can help the
world in scientific advancement. Experiments need to be done to show
how this can be effected to the situation which is evidence proven.

12. Comparisons
Science can discover the answer, not answer the discovery and are still
working on the discovery. When they have answered the discovery
scientist have found this mean they have enough evidence to prove
that it is true however when science can not be proven this is due to
not enough equipment available, or lack of knowledge and research
that is done. When the process of the discovery is still occurring this
means that they have found evidence which support the discovery and
are finding a way of discovering the rest of the discovery by doing test
and experiments.

14. Resistance to scientific theories
• Hypothesis and research by scientists which have come up with different ideas of a
discovery has been rejected or inaccurate. Scientific theories are relied on
scientists to figure out and they figure out different methods of tests/experiments
that are done which can also be done repeatedly to workout the results.
Resistance to new theory's his seen high because scientist become doubtful if
they new theory become ‘theoretical’. A few theories have been developed due
to experiments proven and knowledge. Other theory remain theoretical because
of reasons such as the technology needed is not produced so it can not be
accessed to figure out the theory.
• The hadron collider which is a particle accelerator which explains in quantum
physics the new theory is known has ‘string theory’/ ‘M-theory’. Both of them is
called theory due to the fact of the experiment for the theory is hard to do. This
shows that ‘new theories meet resistance until’ scientists test the theory by
finding out accurate results which make a change to the world and this creates
more resistance if it does not agree the theory which will was seen has true.

15. Why resistance theories arise
• This is because everyone wants accurate results from an discovery
made and scientist has different ways of methods they deal with
when discovering a theory. Different views and methods effect why
theories arise because the create different results. A theory starts of
and scientist of the community want to discover and research the
theory and when one theory is proven it they will need more
evidence, predictions, experiments, different methods, Money for
equipment for further development of the theory to be more
accurate.