This document discusses database languages used in database management systems (DBMS). It describes three types of database languages: data definition language (DDL) used to define and modify the database schema; data manipulation language (DML) used to insert, update, delete and retrieve data; and data control language (DCL) used to control access privileges. Examples are provided for common statements in each language type like CREATE, ALTER, DROP for DDL and INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT for DML. Case sensitivity and data types are also briefly covered.

1. PRESENTATION
NAME
DATABASE LANGUAGE

2. #WHAT IS DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM??
A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating and
managing database. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way
to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
#There are many part of DBMS:
• Introduction to Database Management System
• DBMS vs File System
• View of data
• Data models
• Database Languages.
• Database users and administrators
• Transaction Management
• Database System Structure
• Application architectures

3. # In DBMS has 3 types language:
*Data Definition Language(DDL).
*Data Manipulation Language(DML).
*Data Control language (DCL).
#Data Definition Language(DDL):
• Database language that is used to create, delete or modify database
schema is called DDL.
• It is used by Database Administrators(DBA) to specify the
conceptual schema.
• DDL interpreter converts DDL statements into equivalent low level
statements understood by the DBMS.
• Normally, create, alter, and drop statements are DDL statements.
• DDL statements make changes in the schema

4. Example: For alter command
Alter table Student
ADD COLUMN address
varchar(20)
;
Example: For drop command
drop Student;
Example: For
create command
create table Student
(
sid number(4),
sname varchar2s(50),
DOB varchar2(15)
);

5. *DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE(DML)
• Database language that enables insert, update, delete, and
retrieval of data from the database is called Data
Manipulation Language.
• DML complier converts DML statements into equivalent
low level statements that the database understands.
• Normally, insert, update, delete, select are DML commands.
• DML reflects change in the instance, not the schema

6. Example: For
insert
Insert into Student
values(“A-101”,
“Ramesh”, 12);
Example: for update
Update Student
Set class = 11
Where sid = “A-101”
;
Example: for
select
Select * From
Student
Example: For
delete
Delete from
student
Where sname =
“RAj”

7. •Data Control language (DCL):
DCL statements control access to data and the
database using statements such as GRANT and
REVOKE. A privilege can either be granted to a User
with the help of GRANT statement. The privileges
assigned can be SELECT, ALTER, DELETE,
EXECUTE, INSERT, INDEX etc. In addition to
granting of privileges, you can also revoke (taken
back) it by using REVOKE command.

9. *In SQL, cases are insensitive. So, instead of Student one
can write StUdEnT as well.
* Also, for integer values “12” is incorrect but 12 is
correct.
*And, for char and varchar “course” is correct and course
is incorrect.
Note that