The document provides an overview of SQL commands, dividing them into three categories: DDL, DML, and DCL. DDL commands like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP are used to define the database schema. DML commands such as INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE are used to manipulate the data. DCL commands including GRANT and REVOKE control access privileges for the database. Examples of syntax are provided for many of the commands.

1. Presentation
on
SQL
By Himani Uppal-221302130

2. INTRODUCTION
• SQL
• DDL commands
• DML commands
• DCL commands

3. Introduction to SQL
• It stands for Structured Query Language.
• SQL is basically a database management tool.
• It is use for managing the data with the help of
different commands.
• It’s main functions are-
 Data storing.
 Data manipulating.
 Data retrieving.

5. DDL(Data Definition Language)
• It consist of SQL commands that used to define the database
schema.
• These commands used to create, modify, and delete database
objects such as tables, indexes, views, and stored procedures.
• It includes -:
C A R T D
CREATE ALTER REMANE TRUNCATE DROP

6. • CREATE – this command is used to create the database or its objects (like table,
index, functions).
Syntax -
CREATE TABLE table_name
( column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
...... )
• ALTER – this is used to alter the structure of the database. We can add a column
to any existing table.
Syntax-
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name column-definition;

7. • RENAME – this is used to rename an object existing in the database.
Syntax-
RENAME TABLE abc to xyz;
• TRUNCATE – this is used to remove all records from a table, including all spaces
allocated. It delete the data inside a table, but not the table itself.
Syntax-
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
• DROP – this is used to delete an existing table completely from the
database. This command deletes the table records along with their
structure. The table and all its components are completely deleted and
cannot be found again in the database.
Syntax-
DROP TABLE table_name;

8. DML(Data Manipulation Language)
• The DML commands change the data present in the SQL database. We can
easily access, store, modify, update and delete the existing records from the
database using DML commands.
• It is the component of the SQL statement that controls access to data and to
the database.
• DML commands include -:
 INSERT
 UPDATE
 DELETE .

9. • INSERT – it is used to insert data into a table.
Syntax -
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME ( column1 , column2 , .. columnN ) VALUES (val
ue1, value2 .... valueN ) ;
• UPDATE – it is used to update existing data within a table. We can update single
columns as well as multiple column using this command.
Syntax –
UPDATE Table_name SET [column1= value1…, columnN = valueN] WHERE C
ONDITION;
• DELETE – it is used to delete the record from database.
Syntax –
DELETE FROM Table_Name WHERE condition;

10. DCL (Data Control Language)
• Commands that control a database including administrating privileges and
committing data.
• It helps in controlling access to information stored in a database.
• It includes these commands–
 GRANT
 REVOKE
 ADD