This document discusses different types of data sources, including primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. Primary sources contain original data without interpretation, such as surveys, experiments, observational studies, government documents, and notifications. Secondary sources interpret and analyze primary data, including textbooks, newspapers, reports, and databases. Tertiary sources are indexes and search engines that summarize and compile information from primary and secondary sources.

1. Data Sources
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2. Types of Sources of Data
1. Primary sources
2. Secondary sources
3. Tertiary sources
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3. Primary sources
Original works of research or raw data without
interpretation or pronouncements that
represent an official opinion or position.
Sampling is a primary sources of data.
It remains public till it is used / interpreted
by secondary party.
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4. Primary sources
Notifications
•Memos
•Letters
•Circulars
Interviews & Speeches
• Audio
• Videos
• Written transcript
Government Decisions
•Laws
•Regulation
•Court Decision
Government Data
•Census
•Economic Data
•Labor Data
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5. Primary Investigations
• Observational Studies
• Surveys
• Experiments
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6. Observational Studies
• Behavioral Studies
• Non Behavioral Studies
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7. Surveys
It is the communication form gathering primary
data. It has 3 forms as follows
• Survey Via Personal Interviews
• Telephonic Survey
• Self Administered Survey
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8. Experiment Process
1) Select Relevant Variables
2) Specify the treatment levels
3) Control the experimental environment
4) Choose the experimental design
5) Select and assign the subjects
6) Pilot test, revise and test
7) Analyze the data
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9. Experimental Research Designs
• Pre experimental Designs
• After-Only Study
• One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
• Static Group Comparison
• True Experimental Designs
• Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
• Posttest – Only Control Group Design
• Field Experiments: Quasi or Semi-Experiments
• Non Equivalent Control Group Design
• Separate Sample Pretest-Posttest Design
• Group Time Series Design
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10. Test Markets
1) Standard test markets
2) Controlled test markets
3) Electronic test markets
4) Simulated test markets
5) Virtual test markets
6) Web-Enabled test markets
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11. Secondary Sources of Data
• Follows primary data
• These are the interpretations of primary data.
• Easy to access and record compared to
primary source of data.
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12. Secondary sources
Public
•Encyclopedia
•Text Books
•Magazines
•Newspapers
•News casts
•Websites
Published
•Dictionaries
•Encyclopedias
•Handbooks
•Directories
•Government Sources
Internal
• Sales Analysis
• Annual Reports
• Financial Statements
Paid
• Data Bases
• Data Mining
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13. Need For Secondary Data
• Exploratory Research
• Analytical Research
• Data Base
• Government Sources
• Data Mining
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14. Types of Secondary Sources of Data
• Indexes and Bibliographies
• Dictionaries
• Encyclopedias
• Handbooks
• Directories
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15. Secondary Sources by Type
Indexes and Bibliographies
• to find or locate books or articles
• to find authors, topics to use in online
searches
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16. Dictionaries
• to identify jargon of an industry--used for
online searches
• to identify bell-weather events in an industry
• to identify knowledgeable people to interview
• to identify organizations of influence
Secondary Sources by Type
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17. Encyclopedias
• To identify historical or background
information
• To find critical dates within an industry
• To find events of significance to the industry,
company
Secondary Sources by Type
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18. Handbooks
• To find facts relevant to topic
• To identify influential individuals through
source citations
Secondary Sources by Type
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19. Directories
• To identify influential people and
organizations
• to find addresses, e-mail, other contact info
on these people and organizations
Secondary Sources by Type
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20. Tertiary Sources
• Indexes
• Bibliographies
• Internet Search Engines
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21. Value of Data
• From primary to tertiary the value of data
deteriorates.
• So the best option is primary if available
and feasible
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22. Types of Sources of Data
Primary Secondary
Internal Analytical Descriptive
External Quantitative Exploratory
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23. Types of Sources of Data
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Cost High Moderate Low
Time High Moderate Low
Value High Moderate Low
Efforts High Moderate Low
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