Our body regulates its temperature through thermoregulation even when the external environment is cold or hot. When exposed to cold temperatures: 1. The hypothalamus causes blood vessels in the skin to narrow, restricting blood flow and reducing heat loss. It also stimulates muscles to shiver and generate heat. 2. As shown through an experiment where hand temperature and pulse were measured, exposure to cold caused rapid changes in pulse as the body circulated more blood and chemicals to maintain its temperature. 3. In cold conditions, one should wear warm clothing, eat spicy foods for heat generation, do light exercise, and warm up near heat sources to help the body regulate its temperature.

1. Muhammad Azrin bin Azman
Muhammad Afiq Syahmi bin Puad
Mohd Hafiz bin Salleh

2. Scientific Concept
• Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism
to keep its body temperature within certain
boundaries, even when the surroundings
temperature is very different.
• This process is one aspect of homeostasis or
thermoregulation: a dynamic state of stability
between an animal's internal environment
and external environment.

3. ENGAGE
How does our body react due to cold temperature to maintain the
normal body temperature?

4. HYPOTHESIS
• Our body will maintain the body temperature
around 36.5 and 37.5 °Celsius (°C) in any
condition either in hot or cold environment
due to the thermoregulation process that
occur in our body.

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT
What is the effect of cold environment
temperature towards the body
temperature?
How does our body regulate the body
temperature due to extreme condition?
What are important steps that should
been taken to help our body regulates
the body temperature due to the
extreme condition?

6. EMPOWER
Objectives:
1. To investigate the effect of cold environment
temperature towards the body temperature.
2. To study how our body regulate the body
temperature due to extreme condition
Variable :
Fixed: Sample
Manipulated: Surroundings temperature
Responding: Hand’s temperature and pulse

7. Experiment : Step 1

8. Experiment : Step 2

9. Experiment : Step 3

11. The Heart Rate and Temperature vs. Time
Graph analysis : The rapid change in pulse during the changing of
temperature. Extrinsic regulation can cause the heart rate to change
rapidly because of chemicals that circular in the blood or by direct action
of nerves that go to the heart.

12. Discussion
The skin is one of several organ systems participating in
maintaining a core temperature, meaning the temperature near the
center of someone's body. Temperature sensors in the skin and
internal organs monitor core temperature and transmit signals to the
control center located in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain.
When the core temperature falls below its set point, the
hypothalamus:
• 1. -Sends more nerve impulses to blood vessels in the skin that cause
the vessels to narrow, which restricts blood flow to the skin, reducing
heat loss.
• 2. -Stimulates the skeletal muscles, causing brief bursts of muscular
contraction, known as shivering, which generates heat. Because of
the shiver, the organ or muscle involve demand for more blood and
since our works together the heart pumps out more blood to fulfill
the need, there for increasing your blood .

13. ENHANCE
In a sunny day, Diana is
waiting for a bus to go
to the library. Her fair
skin become redness as
long as she is waiting
there.
Why this situation
happened?

14. • In a hot weather, when Diana'a face turns
red, the blood vessels in her skin widen.
• When that happens, more blood reaches her
face.
• Also, her cheeks feel hot, but it disappears
after a short time.
• Diana must to keep rehydrated to avoid
hyperthermia and heat stroke which can be
fatal.

15. ADVANTAGE OF DATA LOGGER
Can determine the heart rate for every second/minute
can detect the temperature change for every small range
can detect the small error in the experiment
do not need reading all the time to measure the
temperature
can use two or more sensor at the same time.

16. AWARNESS

17. COLD CONDITION
• Wear sweater
• Eat spicy foods
• Do little exercise
• Warm up the body (near fire,heater)

18. HOT CONDITION
• Keep rehydrated
• Do not wear thick clothes
• Take a shower