This document discusses hair problems and their causes and treatments. It defines two main hair problems - hair loss/alopecia and dandruff. Hair loss can be caused by hormones, nutrition, stress, diseases, medicines, or heredity. Treatments include minoxidil, finasteride, PRP therapy, and supplements. Dandruff is caused by an excessive shedding of scalp skin cells and can be treated with anti-dandruff shampoos containing ingredients like zinc pyrithione or selenium sulfide.

1. Hair Problems
Lecture Five

2. Intended Learning Outcomes “ILO’s (Hair
structure, functions and problems)
1. Define the hair and its components properties
2. Label hair structure
3. Explain the physical & chemical properties of the hair.
4. Describe the normal rate growth of hair
5. Identify the influences on hair growth and function
6. Identify some hair problems, causes and treatment

3. What are hair problems?
Hair Loss/Alopecia
Dandruff

4. HAIR LOSS / ALOPECIA:
 Alopecia is a progressive hair loss
 It is a natural phenomenon linked to aging process (mainly
occur after 50)

5. 1. Hormonal problems
 If the thyroid gland is overactive or underactive, the hair
may fall out.
 Hair loss may occur if male or female hormones, known as
androgens and estrogens, are out of balance.
 In women, hormonal imbalances both during pregnancy and
after delivery cause hair fall

6. 2. Inadequate nutrition
Inadequate nutrition
e.g. iron deficiency, zinc deficiency and vitamin D deficiency
or unhealthy diet causes hair fall

7. 3. Stress
Stress, worry, lack of sleep, and anxiety cause hair fall

8. 4. Long-standing diseases
Long-standing diseases like typhoid, viral infections, anaemia,
etc. cause general debility which leads to hair fall.

9. 5. Some medicines
 Some medicines like birth-control pills, anticoagulants, anti-
depressants, those used for gout, those used during
chemotherapy against cancer cause hair loss.
 This type of hair loss improves when you stop taking the
medicine

10. 6. Heredity
Heredity is also responsible for hair fall “pattern” baldness, is
much more common in men than in women.

11. Medicine
Hormonal
Stress
Nutrition
Diseases
What are Causes of hair loss?
Hereditary

12. What are the types of hair loss?
Androgenetic Alopecia
Alopecia Areata
Telogen effluvivum

13. Hormonal Heredity Age
Miniaturiz
ation
a. Androgenetic Alopecia
Terminal Hair
Vellus Hair

14.  Can begin as early as teens, frequently seen by age 40
 The hair undergoes miniaturization (diminishing) with
shortening of anagen phase , as telogen hairs are shed , they
become replaced by vellus hairs or just pores
 Gene can be inherited from either side of family

15. Male Pattern Baldness
 Hair loss at the frontal forming
M-shape
 It continues with thinning at the
vertex (Type III)
 Overtime, a horse-shoe pattern
is formed

16. Female pattern baldness

17. b. Alopecia Areata
 Sudden loss of hair in round or irregular patches; may occur on scalp or
anywhere else on body. It‟s highly unpredictable.
 An autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the hair
follicles.
 Alopecia is also often blamed on "stress“
 Treatments for alopecia areata include: Topical Steroids remain the drug of
first choice
 Dermovate® cream and ointment and Betnovate® scalp
 Interlesional steroids can be used if the patient is older than 10 years old if
the topical steroid fails.

18. c. Telogen Effluvium
 This is a temporary hair thinning phenomenon that takes place
when the all the hair on your scalp enter the resting phase at
the same time, subsequently causing shedding a large amount
of hair.
• Mainly due to vitamin D3 deficiency

19. Hair Loss Treatment
Many conditioners, shampoos, vitamins, and other products
claim to help hair grow in some unspecified way. These are
harmless but useless for hair regrowth.
– To slow down hair loss, there are two options: drugs and
new techniques

20. DRUGS TREATMENT

21. Minoxidil
Finasteride
Topical Caffeine
Biotin Supplement
Spironolactone Vitamin D Supplement

22. Minoxidil
(Regaine®,Rehair®)
 OTC Topical application
 2% and 5% solutions
 Apply twice a day to a dry scalp with
rubbing
 There are few side effects with Regaine; local
itching
Contraindications
 Patients allergic to minoxidil
 Pregnancy & lactation

23. Minoxidil works by promoting hair regrowth
1. Increasing blood flow to the follicles
2. Reversing follicles miniaturization
3. Stimulate and prolong anagen phase.

24. Oral Finasteride
(Propecia®)
 Propecia tablet (1 mg) is available
by prescription and taken once a
day
 One side effect is impotence, but it is
reversible when the drug is stopped
 It is contraindicated in case of
pregnancy as it causes birth defect

25. Oral Finasteride
(Propecia®)
• It works through inhibition of the 5 alpha
reductase enzyme (scalp) which convert
testosterone into the active form
dihydrotestosterone DHT
 DHT can prevent vitamins, proteins and
minerals from helping hair follicles to grow
 An increase in DHT level prevents new hair
cells from growing and causes hair follicles
to reduce in size with each hair cycle

26. Spironolactone
(Aldactone ®)
 It helps to restore the hormone
balance and treat female pattern
hair loss
 Aldactone acts as an anti-androgen
 Aldactone is a potassium-sparing
diuretic.
 It isn‟t approved specifically for hair
loss treatment. So considered an
“off-label” use ‫ﻣ‬
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27. Topical Caffeine  Caffeine increase blood circulation to the
scalp which promotes healthy hair follicles.
 It promote hair growth in the initial phases
of hair growth through targeting a
hormone „DHT‟, which causes hair loss
 Caffeine combats this by causing hair cells
to produce more „ATP‟, which is a form of
energy that encourages hair to grow
 Topical Caffeine is supposed to regenerate
hair growth in 3 to 4 months

28. New Supplements
• Biotin Supplement
• Improve the body’s keratin
infrastructure
• Important role in healthy hair
growth
• Vitamin D supplement
• Proliferation of keratinocytes
• Initiation process of anagen
phase

29. NEW TECHNIQUES

30. 1. PRP “PLATELET RICH PLASMA”

31. Concentrated
blood plasma
that contains~
five times the
number of
platelets
PRP
reduce shrinkage
of hair follicles,
improve blood
flow, and
encourage new
growth of cells.
Growth
Factors
growth factors
that promote
regeneration of
the cells in the
body
Platelets

33. Contraindications
• Patients who have an active infection in the scalp, history of
a viral infection like shingles, diabetes, any clotting disorder
• Patients who are on blood-thinning medications like aspirin
and immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporine

34. 2- Mesotherapy:
• A non-surgical cosmetic technique
• It promotes hair growth by injecting nutrient-rich liquid into
the mesoderm of the scalp (subcutaneous fat layer).
• Nutrient-rich liquid is a mixture of vitamins, minerals, and
DHT (dihydrotestosterone) blockers.

35. 3- Low Level Laser (Light) Therapy (LLLT)
• Hair therapy utilizes light energy of a specific wavelength and threshold
to stimulate cellular activity, thereby promoting hair growth
• Hair Max® Laser Comb is the only laser device that claims to have been
approved by the FDA as a phototherapic instrument

36. 2. DANDRUFF
 Dandruff is a chronic, non-inflammatory condition of the
scalp
 Characterized by excessive scaling of scalp tissue.
 It is not a disease but rather a normal physiological case
 The scaling process: epidermal cells on the scalp slough
continually just as on other parts of the body.
 The epidermal cell turnover on the scalp occurs at a higher
rate

37. What are the Symptoms of Dandruff?
 For most people, the signs and symptoms of dandruff are
unmistakable: white, oily looking flakes of dead skin that dot
the hair and shoulders and an itchy, scaling scalp
 Dandruff can usually be controlled.
 Mild cases of dandruff may need nothing more than daily
shampooing with a gentle cleanser.
 Dandruff is a stable process (not subjected to sudden shifts in
severity from week to week)

38. Dandruff
Risk factors of Dandruff:
Age
begins in young
adulthood and
continues
through middle
age
Sex
more men than
women have
dandruff, male
hormones
Oily hair & scalp
Certain illnesses:
neurological
diseases, such as
Parkinson's disease,
stressful

39. Treatments & Cosemeceuticals

40. Dandruff shampoos
Zinc pyrithione shampoos (Head & Shoulders)
reduce the fungus which causes dandruff
Tar-based shampoos (Neutrogena T/Gel)
slow cell turnover
Selenium sulfide shampoos (Selsun Blue)
prevent cell turnover
Ketoconazole shampoos (Nizoral)
antifungal

41. 1
2
3
4
5
6

42. Charge
Porosity
Color
Elasticity
Luster /softness

43. Thank you