The common scalp problem associated with hair and scalp are dandruff and Hairfall.Dandruff couse by malassezia furfur and oily scalp and it can be prevent or treat by Anti fungal medications like ketoconazole and hair fall couse by the inheritance harmonal changes and it treat by medication and hair transplantation.

1. COSMETIC PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH HAIR
AND SCALP: DANDRUFF AND HAIR FALL
Subject: Cosmetic Science, B. Pharm Final Year
Guide Name: Chandrashekar M. Chakole
Madhavi P. Gabhane*, Mahima R. Bijewar
Bajiraoji Karanjekar college of pharmacy, Sakoli, Dist: Bhandara
M.S.-441802
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 DANDRUFF
• CAUSES
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• PREVENTION
• TREATMENT
 HAIR FALL
• CAUSES
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• PREVENTION
• TREATMENT
 REFERANCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 Cosmetics are substances that are used to enhance the odour and appearance of the
human body.
 Cosmetics as per Indian According to section 3(aaa) of the Drug and Cosmetics Act
1940 and rules 1945 a cosmetic is defined as Any article intended to be rubbed, poured,
sprinkled or sprayed on, or introduced into or applied to the human body for cleansing,
beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering appearance and includes any article
intended for use as components of cosmetics.
 The scalp is often overlooked in Favor of the hair, but when it becomes itchy and
irritated due to some common conditions.
 Cosmetic problems associated with hair and scalp are-
• Dandruff- Dandruff is the most common problem of the scalp which is white flakes,
Itchy and harmless present in hair and fall on the shoulder. Dandruff is caused by dry
skin and fungal infection, so it is treated by shampoos which contain anti-fungal agents.
• Hair loss- Hair loss is also called ‘baldness’ or ‘alopecia. 'hair loss is caused to scalp
infection, hormonal imbalance or due to age. Sometimes it can be recovered by taking
medicines.

4. DANDRUFF
 Dandruff is a chronic condition that presents itchy, white flaky on the scalp.
 Dandruff is a common issue related to hair cosmetics.
 Dandruff is a prevalent scalp disorder that impacts nearly half of the population before
puberty, any gender and ethnicity.
 The word dandruff is ‘Angio-Saxon origin in a combination of-
-Tan meaning ‘Tetter’
-doff mean dirty
 Malassezia furfur is reported as the main cause of the dandruff.
 It is an indication of poor hygiene.
 Dandruff scale consists of a cluster of corneocytes that stick together and come off the
surface of the skin. The size and amount of scales vary from person to person and change
over time.
 Some dandruff also include parakeratotic cells, which influence the severity of symptoms
along with seborrhoea.

5. CAUSES
1. Seborrheic
Seborrheic dermatitis is the primary cause of the dandruff. Malassezia furfur yeast is
present on the skin and feeds on your oily scalp and leaves oleic acid in the scalp the body
reacts with this acid and increases skin renewal and Couse flakes.
2. Irritated oily scalp
Excessive sebum production on the scalp causes an oily scalp and leads to conditions like
seborrhoea which form eczema and affect the scalp.
3. Dry skin
Dry skin can be worse at different times of the year because of temperature changes and it
applies to the skin on your scalp and Couse of dandruff.
4. Hair Care Products
If the scalp is sensitive to hair care products it leads to the development of contact
dermatitis on the scalp. Contact dermatitis is a skin response to direct contact with an
irritant and causes Itchy, white flakes on the scalp and falls on the shoulder.

6. 5. Shampooing
Inadequate shampooing can make your dandruff worse by allowing excess oil and
dead cells on the scalp.
6. Other skin condition
Skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis can also manifest on the scalp
resulting in dandruff and this skin condition is exacerbated by using the wrong
hair care product.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 Itchy Scalp
 Scaly, crusty scalp in infants with cradle cap
 Skin flakes on the scalp, hair, eyebrows, shoulders.

7. PREVENTION

8. TREATMENT
 There are various option available for treating dandruff
 Using Home Remedies
HOME
REMEDIES
FOR
DANDRUFF
Egg
Yolk
Fenugre
ek seeds
Coconut
oil
Neem,
Heena
Aloe
vera
Aspirin
Baking
soda

9. Medication For Dandruff
Topical Systemic
Ketoconazole
Bifonazole
Miconazole
Ciclopirox
olamine
Selenium
sulphide
Zinc Parathion
Hydrocortisone
Betamethasone
Dipropionate
Desonide
Fluocinolone
Pimecrolimus
Tacrolimus
Coal Tar
Lithium
Gluconate
Metronidazole
Phototherapy
Itraconazole
Terbinafine
Anti- Fungal
Cortico-
steroids
Immune-
modulators
Miscellaneo
us

10. on basis of therapeutic components dandruff shampoo classified as-
1.Pyrithione zinc shampoo-Contain antibacterial and anti fungal agent.
2.Tar Based Shampoo- Coal tar shows how quickly skin cell on scalp die and flakes off.
Shampoo contain salicylic acid helps to remove flakes on scalp.
3.Selenium sulphide shampoo- Contain Anti fungal agent helps to remove dandruff.
4.Ketoconazole shampoo- It killed the fungi which live on scalp and main reason of dandruff.
Special Shampoos
Antidandruff shampoo formulation
Sodium Lauryl sulphate
Weight%
40.00%
Myristamide DEA 5.00%
Zinc Parathion 2.10%
Magnesium aluminum silicate 1.20%
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.06%
Citric Acid to PH 7.0 q.s
Preservative, color, fragrance q.s
Deionized water q.s

11. HAIR FALL
 Excessive hair fall or hair loss from the body called Alopecia or baldness.
 Hair fall can occur on the scalp or throughout the body and it may be caused
by genetics, hormonal imbalance or medical issues.
 Alopecia refers to a medical condition characterized by significant hair loss.
 Baldness is the partial or complete loss of hair and stops the regrowth of hair.
 It is more common in men than women.
 The primary cause of baldness is usually hereditary hair loss occurring with
age.
 Hair style, makeup, hats, and scarves are worn to hide hair loss and some
people choose treatment to recover hair growth.
 Incorrect diagnosis of temporary hair loss could lead to permanent condition.
 For Some people it’s caused due to medical treatment like cancer.

12. TYPES OF HAIR FALL
Involutional Alopecia More hair follicles enters in resting phase, resulting in shorter and
fewer hairs on scalp.
Alopecia universalis Pubic hair, eyebrows, eyelashes all body hairs fall out.
Scarring alopecia Chronic hair loss caused by inflammatory skin condition and other
skin disorders such as lupus
Traction alopecia Tightly pulled hair and excess of hot comb cause permanent hair loss.
Central cicatricial
centrifugal alopecia
Bald patch in center of scalp.
Telogen effluvium Temporary hair loss due to change in hair growth cycle
Trichotillomania Person pull their own hair and this physiological disorder seen in
children.
Androgenic alopecia It common in both men and women. In men start thin out pattern like
M and in women tend to maintain their forehead line but notice
wading of part in hair.
Alopecia areata It is It is commonly thought to be an autoimmune disorder where
body mistakenly target own body hair follicles.
Anagen effluvium Hair thinning due to chemicals or toxins.

13. CAUSES
 Inheritance: Inheritance plays a role in hair loss which is a common condition
called alopecia, often seen in men as male pattern baldness or hereditary pattern
baldness.
 Hormonal Changes: Women can experience hormonal changes from pregnancy,
childbirth, menopause or changes in contraceptives which can affect hair.
 Medication and Radiation Therapy: Medication like chemotherapeutic drugs,
antidepressants, arthritis and high blood pressure drugs lead to hair loss.
 Stress: stress can weaken hair and impact its health, so practices like yoga and
medication can help.
 Excessive hair styling: Overdosing of hair styling with tools like heat, and
chemical treatments such as bleaching or perming can cause hair damage.
 Life style Habit: Certain lifestyle choices, including smoking, getting little sleep
and working outside in the sun can lead to hair loss. All of them interfere with the
body’s natural process that produces healthy hair.

14.  Hair Cosmetics: In hair cosmetics additionally the presence of harsh chemicals in
shampoo can contribute to hair loss, highlighting the importance of selecting gentle
shampoo tailored to individual needs.
 Skin Infection: A skin infection caused by fungi or bacteria can lead to hair loss or
thinning on the scalp. Managing illnesses like syphilis can help to promote hair regrowth.
 Vitamin Deficiency: Hair loss can be caused by a deficiency in essential nutrients such as
protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin C are necessary to the health and nourishment of hair
structure made up of amino acids and peptide bonds.
 Thyroid problem: Thyroid gland issues may be the cause of hair loss. A lack of
hormones known as hypothyroidism can result in a variety of symptoms, including
brittleness and easier breaking of skin, hair, and nails. Excess hormones can cause hair
loss.
 Pollution: Research revealed that pollutants like dust and fuel particles in the air impact
on scalp and disrupt hair protein leading to premature hair loss and gray hairs.

15. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 Common signs and symptoms of hair loss include-
• Gradual thinning at the front of the scalp – It is common in both men and
women. In men start to thin out patterns like M and women tend to maintain
their forehead line but notice the wading of part in hair.
• Hair Becoming loose- It occurs due to physical or emotional shock result hair
coming while brushing or washing. It leads to general thinning rather than bald
spots.
• Scaling patches from infection- Hair fall forms scale patches on the scalp due
to infection of fungi.
• Complete body hair loss- Complete body hair loss in some medical
treatments like chemotherapy for cancer.
• Circular bald patches on the scalp- Small round patches of hair loss-like
coin-size patches. This type of hair loss impacts on the scalp. Skin fells itchy or
sore before hair loss.

16. PREVENTION
OF HAIR FALL
If undergoing
chemotherapy inquire
about using colling
cap to less hair loss.
Do not opt
hairstyle that are to
tight, like buns or
ponytails.
Avoid constantly
twisting, rubbing,
or pulling your hair
Quit smoking some
study suggest
connection between
smoking and male
baldness.
Shield your hair from
sunlight and other UV
sources.
Be gentle washing and
brushing your hair
using a wide toothed
comb to prevent hair
loss
Avoid Harsh treatment
like hot rollers, hot oil
and perms.
Stay away from
medications and
supplements that leads
to hair loss.

17. T
R
E
A
T
M
E
N
T
Phenylephrine
preventing hair
breakage by causing
hair follicle to
contract when pulled.
Minoxidil promote
hair growth but use in
moderate
concentration to avoid
scalp irritation.
Finasteride is
medication used to
hair growth.
Scalp reduction is a
surgical procedure that
remove bald region of
scalp it perform on
both men and women
Hair transplantation
is a surgical procedure
that removing hair
follicle from donor area
and transplant in bald
area.
Laser therapy beneficial
for experiencing genetic
hair loss. Red light
therapy helps to stimulate
epidermal cell to promote
hair growth.
Platelet rich plasma is
created by separating
platelet from blood
using centrifuge and
then inject to scalp to
promote hair growth.
MEDICATION
In Office Treatment option
Diet
Protein rich diet
include amla to prevent
hair fall and graying
hair. Coconut and
moong beans for
preventing hair loss.
Drinking raw Aloe leaf
juice regularly can help to
regulate hormones and
prevent Harmon related
hair loss
Natural
Remedies
Natural remedies like onion juice, hibiscus
leaves, essential oil massages, coconut oil,
green tea and aloe vera are commonly used
to promote hair growth.

18. REFERANCES
1. Ranganathan S, Mukhopadhyay T. Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin
disease. Indian J Dermatol. 2010 Apr-Jun;55(2):130-4. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.62734.
PMID: 20606879; PMCID: PMC2887514.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2887514/
2. Borda LJ, Wikramanayake TC. Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive
Review. J Clin Investing Dermatol. 2015 Dec;3(2):10.13188/2373-1044.1000019. doi:
10.13188/2373-1044.1000019. Epub 2015 Dec 15. PMID: 27148560; PMCID:
PMC4852869. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4852869/
3. Satya Prakash Singh, Vijay Nigam, COSMETIC SCIENCE, THAKUR
PUBLICATION,2021, 205-210.
4. Aijaz A. Sheikh, Subhash V. Deshmane, Kailash R. Biyani, Md. Rageeb Md. Usman.
TEXTBOOK OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Pee Vee Publication.

19. THANK YOU