The document compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration, outlining their shared characteristics as well as their differences in efficiency and ATP production. It also discusses the roles of copper and iron ions in electron transport and oxygen transport during respiration. Additionally, it explains how excess acidity in the stomach can be reduced through the use of bases like aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate in antacids. These bases neutralize stomach acid through neutralization reactions.

1. +
B9 and D2
Respiration and Antacids
Raj Sikaria and not Casey Ste. Claire

2. +
B.9 Respiration
 B.9.1. Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose in
terms of oxidation/reduction and energy released.
 B.9.2. Outline the role of copper ions in electron transport and
iron ions in oxygen transport.

3. +
B.9.1
 Shared characteristics of aerobic and anaerobic respiration:
 Produce ATP (chemical energy)
 Glycolysis (converting glucose to pyruvate)
 Oxidation reaction
 Pyruvate (CH3COCOOH)
 Exothermic

4. +
Aerobic Respiration
 Requires oxygen
 C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔG = -2880 kJ
per mole of C6H12O6
 19 times more efficient than anaerobic respiration (36-38 mol
ATP/mol glucose)
 glucose + 2ATP + 4ADP + 2Pi +2NAD+ --->
2pyruvate + 2ADP + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ +2H2O

5. +
Anaerobic Respiration
 Does not require oxygen
 Only produces 2 mol of ATP for every 1 mol of glucose
consumed
 Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid (C3H6O3)
 C6H12O6 ---> 2C3H6O3

6. +
B.9.2
 Electron Transfer Chain (ETC): Couples electron transfer (ET)
between donors and acceptors with H+ ion transfer across a
membrane.
 Cytochromes: Made of hemes. Carries out ET
 Example: Cytochrome c oxidase (copper ions)
 Active site that is occupied by copper.

7. +
Electron Transfer Chain (ETC)

8. +
wat

9. +
B.9.2
 Iron acts as a transporter of oxygen through hemoglobin
 Fe2+ oxides to Fe3+ when it bonds to O2
 Oxygen turns into superoxygen
 One molecule of hemoglobin can carry
4 molecules of oxygen (4 heme groups)

10. +
B.9.2
 Concentration related to Partial Pressure(oxygen)
 Tissues intake excess oxygen

11. +
D.2.1
 D.2.1. State and explain how excess acidity in the stomach can
be reduced by the use of different bases.

12. +
Gastric Acid
 pH between 1.5-3.5. Composed of HCl
 Bicarbonate: the body’s antacid

13. +
Our Antacids: Hydroxides
 Aluminum Hydroxide- Al(OH)3
 Al(OH)3 + 3HCl  AlCl3 + 3H2O
 Magnesium Hydroxide- Mg(OH)2
 Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + 2H2O

14. +
Our Antacids: Carbonates
 Magnesium Carbonate: MgCO3
 MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
 Sodium Hydrogencarbonate: NaHCO3
 NaHCO3 + HCl  NaCl + CO2 + H2O
•General Finding: Basic Neutralization Reactions Occur!

15. +
D.2.1
 Antacids can be combined with other compounds
 Alginates
 Anti-foaming agents
Alginates prevent heartburn by creating a neutralizing layer that
prevents acid reflux
Anti-foaming agents like dimethicone help relieve bloating which is a
symptom of acid reflux
-Maalox would be an example