1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
I. GENERAL
A. HOW GET FOOD – AUTOTROPH or HETEROTROPH
B. COUPLE REACTIONS
1. Metabolic Pathway – couple reactions where
exergonic drive endergonic
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H 2O
36 ADP 36ATP
ENDERGONIC
2. Enzymes – increase the rate of a reaction

2. Fig. 6-02
Sunlight energy
enters ecosystem
Photosynthesis
C6H12O6 CO2
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
O2
H2O
Oxygen
Water
Cellular respiration
ATP drives cellular work
Heat energy exits ecosystem

3. C. TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C1. AEROBIC – USES O2
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H 2O
get 36 ATP
C2. ANEROBIC – DOES NOT USE O2
C6H12O6 OTHER COMPOUNDS

4. II. OVERVIEW OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM
A. MITOCHONDRIUM
OUTER MEMBRANE
INNER MEMBRANE
CRISTAE
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
MATRIX

5. Fig. 4-20
Outer
TEM
membrane
Inner
membrane
Cristae
Matrix
Space between
membranes

6. B. GENERAL REACTIONS – overall pathway is exergonic
GLYCOLYSIS CITRIC ACID CYCLE & e-
TRANSPORT CHAIN
Where: Where:
cytoplasm mitochondrium
General: General
Does not use O2 Uses O2
Energy from substrate
Most ancient of pathways
Overall pathway: Overall pathway:
Glucose 2 pyruvate Pyruvate 6CO2 + 6H2O
net 2 ATP 36 ATP
2 NADH

7. III. SPECIFICS
A. GLYCOLYSIS – glucose activation and energy harvest
REACTION # CARBONS/ REACTION COMPOUND
NAME MOLECULE NAME & EXPLAIN
6 carbons (1 molecule) GLUCOSE
2 ATP
GLUCOSE
2 ADP
ACTIVATION +P
6 carbons (1 molecule) FRUCTOSE
BIPHOSPHATE
P P
ENERGY
HARVEST

8. III. SPECIFICS
A. GLYCOLYSIS – glucose activation and energy harvest
REACTION # CARBONS/ REACTION COMPOUND
NAME MOLECULE NAME & EXPLAIN
6 carbons (1 molecule) GLUCOSE
2 ATP
GLUCOSE 2 ADP
ACTIVATION + P
6 carbons (1 molecule) FRUCTOSE
BIPHOSPHATE
P P
3 carbons (2 molecules) G3P
2 ADP + 2P 2 ADP + 2P
2 ATP 2 ATP
ENERGY
HARVEST NAD + H NAD + H
NADH NADH
3 carbons (2 molecules) PYRUVATE

9. END PRODUCTS OF
GLYCOLYSIS
• 2 PYRUVATE MOLECULES – moves into mitochondrium matrix
• 2 NET ATP – Usually stays in cytoplasm to be used by the cell
2 used as activation energy (GLUCOSE ACTIVATION)
4 made when producing pyruvate (ENERGY HARVEST)
• 2 NADH – High energy compound that moves to e- transport chain.

10. B. Citric acid cycle –
Produces large amounts of ATP with O2 acting as e- acceptor.
Occurs in the Mtiochondrium
PYRUVATE 1. Acetyl CoEnzyme A
Coenzym NAD+ EACH PYRUVATE GENERATES:
e +H
1 NADH
CO 2 NAD 1 CO2 (RELEASED)
H
ACETYL CoA CoA

11. 2. KREBS CYCLE
CoA
CITRATE
OXALOACETATE
3 NAD+
ATP
3 NADH
ADP +
P FAD
FADH 2
2 CO 2
EACH PYRUVATE GENERATES:
3 NADH 1 FADH2
1 ATP 2 CO2

12. 3. ALL COMPOUNDS AT THE END OF THE KREBS CYCLE – THIS
IS FOR TWO PYRUVATES
CO2 ATP NADH FADH2
0 2 2 0
GLYCOLYSIS
made
directly
2 0 2 0
ACETYL Co-A
ACTIVATION
4 2 6 2
KREB CYCLE
Made
directly

13. C. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
C1. General
1. e-s from the high energy compounds go
into the e- transport chain.
2. The e-s move “down” the chain and
energy is released during this “fall”.
3. The energy is used to pump H+ from the
matrix into the intermembrane space.

14. 4. The e- s reach the end of the chain
where they are accepted by oxygen and
hydrogen to form water.
5. ATP actually forms from the energy
released when H+ moves from the
intermembrane space, through ATP
Synthase, and into the matrix to combine
with oxygen.

15. Fig. 6-11a
Space
between H+
membranes H+ H+ H+ H+ H+
Electron H+ H+
carrier + H+
H + H H + H+
Protein
complex
Inner
mitochondrial
membrane
FADH2 FAD
Electron
flow H+
1
2 O2 + 2 H + H 2O
NADH
NAD+ ADP + P ATP
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+
Matrix Electron transport chain ATP synthase

16. C2. SPECIFICS
GENERATED CONVERT TO ATP
per Glucose (= 2 pyruvate)
1. GLYCOLYSIS 2 NADH 6 ATP
2. ACETYL CoA 2 NADH 6 ATP
3. KREBS 6 NADH 18 ATP
2 FADH2 4 ATP
3 ATP per NADH
2 ATP per FADH2

17. IV. ANEROBIC
A. GENERAL
1. Animals – glycolysis & lactate fermentation
2. Plants – glycolysis & alcoholic fermentation
B. GLYCOLYSIS – make the same as aerobic
2 pyruvate
2 net ATP
2 NADH

18. LACTATE FERMENTATION ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
2 2
PYRUVATE PYRUVATE
NADH NADH
NAD + +
NAD + + H
H
2 ETHANOL
2 +
LACTATE
2 CARBON
DIOXIDE