This document discusses various topics relating to cyber ethics including privacy, intellectual property, computer crime, and professional responsibilities. It provides definitions for key terms like privacy, intellectual property, piracy, and spyware. It also outlines the ten commandments of computer ethics and guidelines for netiquette when communicating online. Sample emoticons and acronyms are given. The document concludes with presenting three case studies related to ethics in accessing others' files and information without permission.

1. Commission on Information and Communications Technology
Cyber EthicsCyber Ethics
Source: Rommel Andong & Mel Tan
iSchools Project Team
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP

2. iSchools - CILC for Teachers 2
Issues
• Privacy and Personal Information
• Trust
• Freedom of speech
• Intellectual Property
• Computer crime
• Computers and Work
• Professional Ethics and Responsibilities

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Computer Ethics
• Category of professional ethics similar
to medical, accounting, legal ethics
• For computer professionals & those
who select, manage or use computers
in a professional setting
• many people do not understand
technology well...
–Concerns relationships & responsibilities
towards customers, clients, coworkers,
users, people affected by computers, ...

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What is Ethics ?
• Study of what it means to "do the right
thing"
• View ethical rules as
–fundamental & universal
–made up to provide a framework to
interact with other people
• Behaving ethically is often practical
• Needs courage sometimes ...

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Some important distinctions
• Right, wrong, OK, prohibited,
acceptable
• Distinguising Wrong and Harm
• Separating Goals from Constraints
• Personal Preference and Ethics
• Law and Ethics

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• To handle information in a responsible
way you must understand:
– The importance of ethics in the ownership and
use of information.
– The importance to people of personal privacy and
the ways in which it can be compromised.
– The value of information to an organization.
– Threats to information and how to protect against
them (security).
Introduction

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Ethics
• Ethics - the principles and
standards that guide our behavior
toward other people.

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Ethics
Two Factors That Determine How You Decide Ethical Issues
1. Your basic ethical structure, which
you developed as you grew up.
2. The set of practical circumstances
involved in the decision that you’re
trying to make — that is, all the
shades of gray in what are rarely
black or white decisions.

9. how much do
you identify
with the
person or
persons who
will receive
the benefit or
suffer the
harm?
Ethics: Practical Considerations
how much or how little
benefit or harm will come
from a particular decision?
what is your perception
of what society really
thinks of your intended
action?
what is the
probability
of the harm
or benefit
that will
occur if you
take the
action?
what length of
time will it take
for the benefit or
harm to take
effect?
how many
people will be
affected by
your action?

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Intellectual Property
• Intellectual property - intangible creative
work that is embodied in physical form.
• Copyright - the legal protection afforded
an expression of an idea, such as a song,
video game, and some types of proprietary
documents.
• Fair Use Doctrine - says that you may use
copyrighted material in certain situations —
for example, for teaching purposes.

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Intellectual Property
• Pirated software - the unauthorized
use, duplication, distribution or sale of
copyrighted software.
• Counterfeit software - software that is
manufactured to look like the real thing
and sold as such.

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Privacy
• Privacy - the right to be left alone when
you want to be, to have control over
your own personal possessions, and not
to be observed without your consent.

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Privacy
• E-mail is completely insecure.
• Each e-mail you send results in at least 3 or 4 copies
being stored on different computers.
• You can take measures to protect your e-mail.

14. iSchools - CILC for Teachers 14
Privacy
• Cookie - a small record deposited on your
hard disk by a Web site containing
information about you and your Web
activities.
• Adware - software to generate ads that
installs itself on your computer when you
download some other (usually free) program
from the Web.
• Trojan-horse software - software you don’t
want hidden inside software you do want.

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Privacy
• Spyware (also called sneakware or
stealthware) - software that comes hidden in
free downloadable software
– tracks your online movements
– mines the information stored on your computer
– uses your computer’s CPU and storage
• Key logger, or key trapper, software, -a
program, when installed on a computer,
records every keystroke and mouse click.

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THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
FOR COMPUTER ETHICS
from the Computer Ethics Institute
✔
Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
✔
Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.
✔
Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's files.
✔
Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
✔
Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
✔
Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not paid.
✔
Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without
authorization.
✔
Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output.
✔
Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program
you write.
✔
Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration and
respect.

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NETIQUETTE
1. be responsible enough not to waste other
people’s time or bandwidth by posting
unnecessarily long messages or
unimportant messages and sending large
attachments
– Keep your messages to the point - you may
opt to use common abbreviations
– Limit the size of attachments to 100 kb.
From Computing for Life - Book A by Tan, 2nd
edition. FNB Publications, 2005.

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NETIQUETTE
2. Promote civility. Be pleasant and polite.
Although the Internet advocates freedom
of speech, it does not give anyone the
right to write anything he wants without
minding how it will affect others.
– Avoid using CAPS LOCK.
– Minimize the use of exclamation points.
– Use smileys or emoticons when appropriate
– Do not use offensive language.

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Sample Emoticons
:-) Happy face
;-) Kidding or teasing
:-D Laughing hard
:-I Indifferent. Either way
is O.K.
|-O Yawning
|-I Asleep
:-/ Not quite sure about
something
:-( Frowning
>:-( Angry
:-@ Screaming
:-C Disappointed
:'-( Crying
:-O Surprise or
amazement
:-X Your secret is safe
with me
}:-) A devil
O:-) An angel
^5 High 5

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Sample Acronyms
• AFAIK As Far As I Know
• AFK Away From Keyboard
• ASAP As Soon As Possible
• B4N Bye For Now
• BBL Be Back Later
• BRB Be Right Back
• BBS Be Back Soon
• CYA See You (Seeya)
• CU See You
• DLTBBB Don't Let The Bed Bugs
Bite
• CYAL8R See You Later
(Seeyalata)
• FC Fingers Crossed
• F2F Face To Face
• G Grin
• FTBOMH From The Bottom Of My
Heart
• GL Good Luck
• FWIW For What It's Worth
• H&K Hug and Kiss
• GFN Gone For Now
• HAGU Have A Good 'Un
• GMTA Great Minds Think Alike
• HIG How's It Going
• HAGN Have A Good Night
• IC I See
• HAND Have A Nice Day
• IMNSHO In My Not So Humble
Opinion
• HT Hi There

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Sample Acronyms
• IMCO In My Considered Opinion
• ILY I Love You
• IMS I'm Sorry
• IMHO In My Humble Opinion
• JK Just Kidding
• IMO In My Opinion
• IRL In Real Life
• IOW In Other Words
• JTLYK Just To Let You Know
• J4G Just For Grins
• KIT Keep In Touch
• JMO Just My Opinion KWIM
Know What I Mean
• KISS Keep It Simple, Stupid
• L8R Later
• KOTC Kiss On The Cheek
• LHO Laughing Head Off
• L8R G8R Later 'Gator
• LOL Laugh Out Loud
• LMSO Laughing My Socks Off
• LY4E Love You Forever
• LSHMBH Laughing So Hard My
Belly Hurts
• ROTFL Rolls On The Floor
Laughing
• LY Love Ya
• STO Sticking Out Tongue
• OIC Oh, I See
• OTOH On The Other Hand

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NETIQUETTE
3. Use descriptive subject lines for your
messages as a courtesy to your reader -
to help people organize and prioritize their
messages.
4. Let the recipient know who is sending the
message.
– From: or end your messages with your name
– Signature

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NETIQUETTE
5. When forwarding messages:
– Check the reliability of the source of a forwarded
message and the accuracy of the message or story
before passing it on.
• Do not unnecessarily alarm people, waste their precious time,
and clog the network.
– Clean up your messages before you forward them.
• Take out unnecessary header information and forwarding
symbols (usually the > sign).
• Retain only those that are important to your recipient.
– Choose the recipients of your forwarded message.

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NETIQUETTE
6. When replying to a mass email, avoid hitting
Reply to All.
7. When sending mass email, it would be better to
use BCCs (Blind Carbon Copies)
– respect your recipients’ privacy
• NOTE: Be careful when corresponding to
strangers on a network.
– Do not give out sensitive or personal information to
people you do not personally know.
– Be wary of people who give out or lie about their
own information to gain your trust.

25. Commission on Information and Communications Technology
CASESCASES
discussion points

26. iSchools - CILC for Teachers 26
Case 1
You are a unit supervisor. A member of
your unit is out sick and another
member requests a copy of all files from
the sick employee's computer to his so
that he can do some work.

27. iSchools - CILC for Teachers 27
Case 2
My brother and I saw this really cool
game being played in the network
gaming shop. We would really like to
get a copy but it costs a lot of money.
My classmate told me that that there is a
website where I can copy it for free.
That way, I can enjoy the game without
having to shell out any money!
adapted from www.cybercrime.gov/rules/kidinternet.htm
From Computing for Life - Book A by Tan, 2nd
edition. FNB Publications, 2005.

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Case 3
When I went over to James’ workstation
to copy a file, I found that he left his
Instant Messenger open. A mutual
friend, who is on the other end, just sent
a message. Since nobody is looking, I
sat down, typed a response, and sent it
pretending to be James.
adapted from www.cybercrime.gov/rules/kidinternet.htm
From Computing for Life - Book A by Tan, 2nd
edition. FNB Publications, 2005.

29. Commission on Information and Communications Technology
Thank you