Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. About 70% of undescended testes remain in the inguinal ring, 25% remain in the abdomen, and 5% are located elsewhere. The exact cause is unknown but may involve mechanical factors like a short spermatic cord or narrow inguinal canal, genetic factors like trisomy or scrotal maldevelopment, or hormonal deficiencies. Undescended testes are small, firm, and fibrotic. Histologically, seminiferous tubules show reduced diameter and germ cell number in early life with thickened stroma and spared Leydig cells. Complications include infertility, hernia,

1. CRYPTORCHIDISM

2. • It is the failure of the testis to descend
into the scrotum from its normal
abdominal position.
• It is most commonly unilateral and
sometimes bilateral.

3. ETIOPATHOLOGY
• 70% cases testis lies in inguinal ring
• 25% cases in the abdomen
• 5% at other site

4. • Exact etiology is unknown
• Mechanical factors: short spermatic cord,
narrow inguinal canal, adhesions to the
peritoneum.
• Genetic factors: Trisomy, Maldevelopment of
scrotum.
• Hormonal factors: deficient androgenic
secretions,

5. MORPHOLOGY
• Gross: The cryptorchid testis is small in
size, firm, fibrotic.
• Histologically: The histologic change is
related to the age
• Birth to 5 years: Seminiferous tubule
diameter is reduced.

6. • Decreased number of germ cells,
spermatogonis and spermatids.
• Thickened hyaline, stromal fibrosis
• Leydis cells are spared.

7. CLINICAL FEATURES
• Infertility
• Inguinal hernia
• Risk of malignancy
TREATMENT
• Orchiopexy is done before 2yrs of age

8. TESTICULAR ATROPY

9. • It is a medical condition in which the
male reproductive organs (the testes,
which in humans are located in the
scrotum) diminish in size and may be
accompanied by loss of function.

10. ETIOLOGY
• Progressive atherosclerotic narrowing of the
blood supply in old age.
• Inflammatory orchitis
• Cryptorchidism
• Hypopituitarism
• Malnutrition
• Irradiation
• Failure of development of testis

11. MORPHOLOGIC CHANGE
• Both gross and microscopy are same
as Cryptorchisism.