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Crowds are large groups of people who take on collective behaviors depending on the situation. Collective behavior occurs when a crowd acts together without established social norms, guided only by the actions of others in the crowd. Institutional behavior follows predictable social norms that control behavior. Crowds share traits of unclear expectations, feeling a problem needs immediate solving, quickly spreading feelings/ideas, going along with others' actions without much thought, and saying/doing things one wouldn't alone. There are four crowd types: casual crowds form spontaneously; conventional crowds form planned but may act spontaneously; acting crowds focus on a single goal; and expressive crowds emotionally engage in an activity.

