Nursery management may be defined as the sum of the activities performed for the successful production, care, and marketing of different planting materials (seeds, seedlings, cuttings, etc.) in a different nursery section. Conducting employees properly, maintenance care and protection of properties, etc
Odoiporus longicollis, is one of the severe pest of Banana, which cause severe damage to rhizome and pseudostem. Generally both grubs and adults infect the plant and decline the production.
Presentation Made By Ehtisham Ali Hussain
University college of agriculture , university of sargodha
4th Semester
Email Address
shamu.hassan.eh@gmail.com
India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. India’s major exports include onion, mango pulp, dried walnuts, fresh grapes. India’s share in the global market is insignificant – it accounts for 1.7% of the global trade in vegetables and 0.5% in fruits.
Nursery management may be defined as the sum of the activities performed for the successful production, care, and marketing of different planting materials (seeds, seedlings, cuttings, etc.) in a different nursery section. Conducting employees properly, maintenance care and protection of properties, etc
Odoiporus longicollis, is one of the severe pest of Banana, which cause severe damage to rhizome and pseudostem. Generally both grubs and adults infect the plant and decline the production.
Presentation Made By Ehtisham Ali Hussain
University college of agriculture , university of sargodha
4th Semester
Email Address
shamu.hassan.eh@gmail.com
India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. India’s major exports include onion, mango pulp, dried walnuts, fresh grapes. India’s share in the global market is insignificant – it accounts for 1.7% of the global trade in vegetables and 0.5% in fruits.
Principles of integrated plant disease management (1+1)subhashB10
This is small topic named:MODE OF ENTRY AND ESTABLISHMENT OF FUNGUS INTO SEEDS. which is taken from the course PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. Pest Damage
• Insects can become pests in the garden when
they cause damage to garden plants. The signs
of damage vary, typically depending on the
way that the insects feeds on the plant.
3. Different Pests Cause Different
Damage
Damage from insects with chewing mouthparts
typically appears on leaves or stems as ragged
edges, holes, or other missing tissue. Insects that
often cause chewing damage include caterpillars
and Eastern lubber grasshoppers.
4. Insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts have
strong mandibles that they move laterally to
often cause yellowing or browning on plants and
possible wilting. Examples include aphids, scales,
spider mites and whiteflies.
5. Pests Insects can also be classified by the types
of damage they cause. For example, defoliators
tend to feed variously and strip a plant nearly
bare. Many caterpillars fall into these category.
Other insects include leaf miners, with burrow
into the leaves of plants leaving tell-tale tunnels
in the leaves. One well-known leaf miner is the
citrus leaf miner, which is actually a larval of a
moth.
6. Gall makers insect all or part of their bodies into
plant tissue-- typically into leaves, stems or
twigs-- and cause the tissue swell. Examples
include blueberry Gall midge larvae the burrow
into leaves to feed and Gall wasps that deposit
their eggs into plant tissue.
7. Wood/Phloem borers include twig girdlers and
powerpost beetles that cause damage by
feeding on living wood and wooden structures.
8. Insects of rice that cause damage
• Black bug - remove the sap of the plant. They
can cause browning of leaves, deadhead, and
bugburn. Their damage also causes stunting in
plants, reduced tiller number, and formation
of whiteheads.
9. • Zigzag leafhoppers - Feeding damage of zigzag
leaf hopper causes the leaf tips to dry up, and
whole leaves to become orange and curled.
10. • Rice skipper - rice skipper feeding damage
causes removal of leaf tissues. They roll leaves
and make a protected chamber.
11. • Rice thrips - feeding damage caused by thrips
cause leaf curling and discoloration.
12. • Rice whorl maggot - the feeding damage of
whorl maggots causes yellow spots, white or
transparent patches and pinholes.
13. • Mealy bug - both adult and nymph mealybugs
remove plant sap by sucking. This results to
curling of leaves and wilting of plants.
14. • Mole Cricket - mole crickets feed on seeds,
tillers in mature plants, and roots. They can
plants at the base resulting to loss of plant
stand.
15. • Ant - Ants feed on rice and seedlings. Thier
feeding damage cause rice seed or plants to
be missing. It also affects plant stand, and
increases the incidence of disease vectored by
Homoptera insects such as planthoppers,
leafhoppers, mealybugs and aphids.
16. • Armyworm - feed on rice by cutting of leaves
and young seedlings at the plants base. They
can also cut off rice panicles from base.
17. • Green semilooper - young larvae of
semiloopers scrape the tissues from leaf
blades, while mature larvae feed on leaf edges
to create notches.
18. • Greenhorned caterpillars - larvae of
greenhorns caterpillars feed on leaf margins
and leaf blades. The feeding damage causes
removal of leaf tissues and veins.
19. • Rice bug - damage rice by sucking out the
contents of developing grains from pre-
flowering spikelets to soft dough stage,
therefore causing unfilled or empty grains and
discoloration.
20. • Planthoppers - High population of
planthoppers cause leaves to initially turn
orange-yellow before becoming brown and
drying. This condition called hopperburn, kills
the plant.
21. • Cutworm - young caterpillars of cutworm eat
the soft leaves of the rice plants. Fully grown
cutworms can consume the entire plant.
22. • Green leafhoppers - are the most common
leafhoppers in rice fields and are primarily
important because they spread the viral
disease ringtone. Both nymphs and adults
feed by extracting plant sap with their needle-
shaped mouthparts.
23. • Rice caseworm - rice caseworm or case
bearers cut off leaf tips to make leaf cases.
Their feeding damage can cut leaves at the
right angles as with a pair of scissors.
24. • Grasshopper (short-horned) and locust -
feeding damage caused by short-horned
grasshoppers and oriental migratory locusts
result to cut out areas on leaves and cut-off
panicles. They both feed on leaf margins.
25. • Rice gall midge - rice gall midge forms a
tubular gall at the base of tillers, causing
elongation of leaf sheaths called onion leaf or
silver shoot.
26. • Rice Hispa - rice hispa scrapes the upper
surface of leaf blades leaving only the lower
epidermis. It also tunnels through the leaf
tissues. When damage is severe, plant become
less vigorous.
27. • Stem borer - stem borer can destroy rice at
any stage of plant from seedling to maturity.
They feed upon tillers and causes deadhead or
drying of the central tiller, during vegetative
stage; and causes whiteheads at reproductive
stage.
28. • Root aphids - adult and nymphs root aphids
suck the plant to remove fluids. The feeding
damage causes yellowing of leaves and
stunting.
29. • Rice leaf folder - leaf folder caterpillars fold a
rice leaf around themselves and attach the
leaf margins together with silk strands. They
feed inside the folded leaf creating
longitudinal white and transparent streaks on
the blade.
32. 1. Insects have strong mandibles that they move
laterally to often cause yellowing or browning
on plants, and possible wilting. Example include
aphids.
a. Wood/Phloem Borer
b. Defoliator
c. Piercing-sucking mouthparts
d. Chewing mouthparts
33. 2. Insects that cause damage by feeding on
living wood and wooden structures.
a. Gall maker
b. Phloem borer
c. Pest Damage
d. Leaf miners
34. 3. Insects can become pests in the garden when
they cause damage to the garden plants.
a. Gall maker
b. Pest and Disease
c. Pest Damage
d. Chewing mouthparts
35. 4. Damage from insects typically appears on
leaves or stems as ragged edges, holes, or other
missing tissue. Example include caterpillar.
a. Piercing-sucking mouthparts
b. Chewing mouthparts
c. Defoliator
d. Leafminers
36. 5. Insects all or part of thier bodies into plant
tissue typically into leaves, stem, or twigs and
cause the tissue toswell. Example include
blueberry Gall midge larvae and gall wasps.
a. Gall maker
b. Phloem borer
c. Piercing-sucking mouthparts
d. Chewing mouthparts
37. 6 - 10. Give 5 examples of insects in rice that
cause damage.