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Critical Thinking
This document provides an overview of a course on critical thinking. It outlines 12 modules that cover topics such as components of critical thinking, non-linear thinking, logical thinking, becoming a critical thinker, evaluating information, benefits of critical thinking, changing perspectives, problem solving, and putting the skills together. The course aims to teach participants how to apply reason, be open-minded, think logically, ask the right questions, consider different viewpoints, and develop critical thinking skills and habits.
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Critical Thinking
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- 2. Let’s begin witha Quiz Question nagaRAJU A book and a pen together cost Rs 210/-. If the book costs Rs 200/- more than the pen, how much does the book cost? a) Rs 200 b) 205 c) 195 d) 105
- 3. How do yourespond to this? nagaRAJU Women teachers are more intelligent than men teachers.
- 4. What is it? 01 Whyteach it? 02 How to teach it? 03 Tips to teach it 04 nagaRAJU
- 5. What is CriticalThinking? nagaRAJU ‘It’s not that I’m so smart; it’s just that I stay with problems longer.’ “If I had an hour to solve a problem and my life depended on the answer, I would spend the first 55 minutes figuring out the proper questions to ask. For if I knew the proper questions, I could solve the problem in less than 5 minutes.”
- 6. What is CriticalThinking? nagaRAJU Observation (notice and predict problems and solutions) Analysis (understand and interpret data) Inference (draw conclusions based on knowledge & experience) Communication (share information verbally and non-verbally) Problem Solving (identify and troubleshoot solutions)
- 7. What are CriticalThinking Skills? Creative Thinking Skills Analytical Thinking Skills Open Mindedness Problem Solving Skills Questioning Skills Communication Skills nagaRAJU
- 8. Are We UsingOur Skills and Tools? nagaRAJU
- 9. 5. Decision Making 4.Inference 3. Evaluation 2. Interpretation 1. Analysis Steps in Critical Thinking Process nagaRAJU
- 10. To analyze information To impartially evaluatedata To make objective judgment To enhance creativity To improve decision making To draw unbiased conclusions Why Critical Thinking Skills? nagaRAJU
- 11. Can Critical Thinkingbe Taught? nagaRAJU 1. Intelligence 2.Technical Skills 3. Right Attitude 4. Interpersonal Skills
- 12. Analytical Thinking nagaRAJU Gathering information Reasoningand interpreting Skeptically evaluating data
- 13. A male,religious pujari, age unknown A male, homosexual doctor, age 46 A female, beautiful mimicry artist, age 30 A male, warrior with a gun, age unknown A male, valiant chief of a tribe, age unknown A female, the tribal chief’s pregnant wife, age unknown A female, university professor, atheist, age 34 Start a New Civilization nagaRAJU
- 14. Effective Communication nagaRAJU Active listening Sharingideas and convincing Working with the team
- 15. Effective Communication nagaRAJU You arerunning in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in? In the same race, if you overtake the last person, then you are in what position?
- 16. Discover patterns Make connections Thinkoutside the box Creative Thinking nagaRAJU
- 17. Creative Thinking nagaRAJU If youcould add one more feature/ facility/ advantage to your mobile phone, what would it be? Why?
- 18. Open Mindedness nagaRAJU Be awareof your biases Accept multiple points of views Respect diversity
- 19. Open Mindedness nagaRAJU 9 =72 8 = 56 7 = 42 6 = 30 5 = 20 3 = ??
- 20. Learn from past Findsolutions Apply to new situations Problem Solving nagaRAJU
- 21. Problem Solving nagaRAJU Thinklateral Past experience Consult persist
- 22. Asking Thoughtful Questions nagaRAJU Askopen-ended questions Ask outcome-based questions Ask reflective questions
- 23. What Questions toAsk? nagaRAJU 1. Clarity Can you further explain? Can you cite an example? Can you provide the specifics? 2. Authenticity Is that true? How can we verify it? Can I see the supporting data? 3. Relevance How is that related? Is it relevant here, now? 4. Depth Does it address the complexity? Can I have more details? Has anyone endorsed this view? 5. Range What are the missing links? What are the contrary views? How many have reviewed it? 6. Logic How is it possible? Is there a contradiction?
- 24. Discover what Ihave in my bag? Maximum 20 Yes-No Questions 20 Questions Puzzle nagaRAJU
- 25. Critical Thinking vsIntelligence nagaRAJU They are not the same
- 26. Critical Thinking vsIntelligence nagaRAJU
- 27. 2. Explore new 3.Right company 4. Solve brainteasers 1. Work backward 7. Question source 6. Diverse views 5. Think clearly 8. Picture thinking Tips to Teach
- 28. See things youmight otherwise ignore See patterns Examples: Proofreading a document Reconstructing a failure from end to beginning 1. Work Backward nagaRAJU
- 29. Break out ofyour comfort zone and expose yourself to new types of content and new creators. Every new author, speaker, or thinker can something new about the way you think, and introduce you to new ideas 2. Explore New Content nagaRAJU
- 30. Be surrounded withthinkers who freely express their thoughts and share opinions. Create your environment Hire or build a team Seek critical thinkers among peers or outside 3. Be among Critical Thinkers nagaRAJU
- 31. Enhance processing speed,think outside the box and improve problem-solving skills Puzzles, riddles, brain teasers, optical illusions 4. Solve Brain Teasers nagaRAJU
- 32. Avoid rushing andtake time to think Examine evidence before concluding Creative exercises are good warm-ups 5. Think clearly and quietly nagaRAJU
- 33. Learn from bothsides of a debate Keep an open mind Avoid focusing on your own point of view Learn in detail before taking your stand 6. Promote Diverse Views nagaRAJU
- 34. Look at sourcesat a deeper level Look for doctored views Sponsored content, biased media, paid news 7. Question the Source nagaRAJU
- 35. Guess what ishappening Discuss clues and assumptions Personal experiences influencing conclusions A boy and a girl shaking hands in front of their college 8. Picture Thinking nagaRAJU
- 36. What one skillor action will you immediately begin acquiring or implementing to become a better critical thinker? Become a Critical Thinker nagaRAJU What will you begin doing today to help your students become better critical thinkers?
- 37. THANK YOU Insert theSubtitle of Your Presentation
- 38. 1 Getting Started Icebreaker Housekeeping Items The Parking Lot Workshop Objectives 2 Components of Critical Thinking Applying Reason Open Mindedness Analysis Logic Case Study Review Questions 3 Non-Linear Thinking Step Out of Your Comfort Zone Dont Jump to Conclusions Expect and Initiate Change Being Ready to Adapt Case Study Review Questions 4 Logical Thinking Ask the Right Questions Organize the Data Evaluate the Information Draw Conclusions Case Study Review Questions 5 Critical Thinkers (I) Active Listening Be Curious Be Disciplined Be Humble Case Study Review Questions 6 Critical Thinkers (II) • Seeing the Big Picture Objectivity Using Your Emotions Being Self-Aware Case Study Review Questions 7 Evaluate Information • Making Assumptions Watch out for Bias Ask Clarifying Questions SWOT Analysis Case Study Review Questions 8 Benefits of Critical thinking Being More Persuasive Better Communication Better Problem Solving Increased Emotional Intelligence Case Study Review Questions 9 Changing Your Perspective Limitations of Your Point of View Considering Others Viewpoint Influences on Bias When New Information Arrives Case Study Review Questions 10 Problem Solving Identify Inconsistencies Trust Your Instincts Asking Why? Evaluate the Solution(s) Case Study Module Ten: Review Questions 11 Putting It All Together Retaining Your New Skills Reflect and Learn From Mistakes Always Ask Questions Practicing Critical Thinking Case Study Review Questions 12 Wrapping Up Words from the Wise Review of Parking Lot Lessons Learned Completion of Action Plans and Evaluations Course on Critical Thinking
Editor's Notes
- #2 Changing colleges to embrace both methods and a culture of critical thinking does not require overhauling education, eliminating courses or even asking professors to sacrifice approaches they have developed and used successfully. It simply involves adding new tools to their arsenal that allow them to accomplish what they already wholeheartedly support: helping students develop the skills needed to think critically about the world.
- #5 Non critical thinker See a limited number of perspectives (sometimes just one) • Take the first approach that occurs to them • Judge quickly—maybe too quickly and not critically • Fail to listen actively • Think their ideas are the best--all others are less • Resist change • Think in stereotypes • Deceive themselves often
- #6 Einstein is sometimes credited with saying, "if you can't explain it to a 6-year-old, you don't understand it yourself," though the exact attribution is in question. The point of the quote, regardless of who said it, is relevant; being able to explain an abstract concept in simple terms is both an indication that you have a full understanding of a problem and a way to see it in a new light. Try talking to a 6-year-old about the issue (real or imaginary). You'll quickly discover elements of the subject you don't fully understand, and may start thinking about the problem in a new way.
- #7 Critical thinking is about knowing how to think, not what to think Firstly, there is no single, commonly agreed definition of the term ‘critical thinking’. These are known as the higher-order thinking skills - skills that require us to think in a deeper, more complex manner. If you are familiar with Bloom’s taxonomy, think of the upper levels of the hierarchy - analyze, evaluate, create. We could also add infer to this list of critical thinking skills. Put simply, critical thinking requires us to engage in an objective analysis of a topic and evaluate the available information in order to form a judgment. Critical thinking demands a systematic approach to evaluating new information. It encourages us to question and reflect on our own knowledge and how we arrive at the opinions we have and make the decisions we make.
- #8 Critical thinking is about knowing how to think, not what to think Firstly, there is no single, commonly agreed definition of the term ‘critical thinking’. These are known as the higher-order thinking skills - skills that require us to think in a deeper, more complex manner. If you are familiar with Bloom’s taxonomy, think of the upper levels of the hierarchy - analyze, evaluate, create. We could also add infer to this list of critical thinking skills. Put simply, critical thinking requires us to engage in an objective analysis of a topic and evaluate the available information in order to form a judgment. Critical thinking demands a systematic approach to evaluating new information. It encourages us to question and reflect on our own knowledge and how we arrive at the opinions we have and make the decisions we make.
- #9 Critical thinking is about knowing how to think, not what to think Firstly, there is no single, commonly agreed definition of the term ‘critical thinking’. These are known as the higher-order thinking skills - skills that require us to think in a deeper, more complex manner. If you are familiar with Bloom’s taxonomy, think of the upper levels of the hierarchy - analyze, evaluate, create. We could also add infer to this list of critical thinking skills. Put simply, critical thinking requires us to engage in an objective analysis of a topic and evaluate the available information in order to form a judgment. Critical thinking demands a systematic approach to evaluating new information. It encourages us to question and reflect on our own knowledge and how we arrive at the opinions we have and make the decisions we make.
- #10 Analysis – thinking about a topic or issue objectively and critically. This could start with clarifying the issue. For example, the issue of climate change is about sustainability and future generations. Interpretation/reflection – by identifying and reflecting on the different arguments relating to an issue. In our example, this includes identifying and reflecting on the arguments presented by the man-made climate change advocates and those supporting ‘natural’ climate change. Evaluation – critically evaluating how strong and valid are different points of view, including any weaknesses or negative aspects in the evidence or argument. Inference – considering the implications there might be behind a statement or argument. For example, considering the ramifications a decision will have for yourself and others. Problem solving and decision making – giving structured reasoning and support for your choice.
- #11 The importance of critical thinking is more obvious than ever in a world where fake news, scams and hoaxes are part of everyday life. Skills for thinking deeply about issues they will encounter in their relationships, work and culture. Employers want staff who can solve problems, make decisions and take appropriate action. Research indicates that critical thinkers experience fewer negative life events, such as racking up credit card debt or getting arrested for drink driving. to make rational decisions on what to believe or what course of action to take. to filter the wheat from the chaff, intellectually speaking to eliminate dubious data to leave only the strongest, most reliable information to avoid manipulation or becoming enslaved by our feelings in-demand by employers critical thinking will ensure students will be able to adapt to whatever shapes the workplace of the future will take.
- #12 It is not a set of skills that can be deployed at any time, in any context. It is a type of thought that even 3-year-olds can engage in — and even trained scientists can fail in. And it is very much dependent on domain knowledge and practice. Thought processes are intertwined with what is being thought about. Teaching critical thinking is best done within a specific context. For example, in history, students need to learn the skills for evaluating documents by considering their historical context, intended purpose and audience, and how they compare to other documents. This approach would be pointless in science, where critical thinking is applied by conducting experiments and following the scientific method.
- #13 Being able to properly analyze information is the most important aspect of critical thinking. This implies gathering information and interpreting it, but also skeptically evaluating data. When researching a work topic, analytical thinking helps you separate the information that applies to your situation from that which doesn’t.
- #14 Which five will you take and which three will you discard?
- #15 Whether you use it for gathering information or convincing others that your conclusions are correct, good communication is crucial in the critical thinking process. Getting people to share their ideas and information with you and showing your critical thinking are components of success. If you’re making a work-related decision, proper communication with your coworkers will help you gather the information you need to make the right choice.
- #17 Being able to discover certain patterns of information and make abstract connections between seemingly unrelated data will improve your critical thinking. When analyzing a work procedure or process, you can creatively come up with ways to make it faster and more efficient. Creativity is a skill that can be strengthened over time and is valuable in every position, experience level and industry.
- #19 Previous education and life experiences leave their mark on a person’s ability to objectively evaluate certain situations. By acknowledging these biases, you can improve your critical thinking and overall decision process. For example, if you plan to conduct a meeting in a certain way and your partner suggests using a different strategy, you could hear them out and adjust your approach based on their input.
- #20 6, 12 , 9
- #21 The ability to correctly analyze a problem and work on implementing a solution is another valuable skill. For example, if your restaurant’s waitstaff needs to improve service speeds, you could consider reassigning some of their duties to bussers or other kitchen personnel so the servers can deliver food more quickly. It forces you to analyze things objectively, filtering out your biases, and allowing you to see things from different perspectives, which can improve your creativity. Whether you're trying to brainstorm a new idea, creatively solve an existing problem, or just analyze how and why something went wrong, critical thinking can lead you to better resolutions.
- #22 Touch only ONE glass to leave wine in glasses 2 and 4.
- #23 Asking the right questions is a crucial step in formulating correct conclusions. Asking open-ended questions can help the person you’re speaking to provide you with relevant and necessary information. These are questions that don’t allow a simple “yes” or “no” answer, requiring the person who receives the question to elaborate on the answer. Outcome-based questions When you feel like another person’s experience and skills could help you work more effectively, consider asking outcome-based questions. Asking someone how they would act in a certain hypothetical situation will give you an insight into their own critical thinking skills and help you see things you hadn’t thought about before. Reflective questions You can gain insight by asking a person to reflect and evaluate an experience and explain their thought processes during that time. This can help you develop your critical thinking by providing you real-world examples. Structural questions An easy way to understand something is to ask how something works. Any working system results from a long process of trial and error and properly understanding the steps that needed to be taken for a positive result could help you be more efficient in your own endeavors.
- #26 they are different things. In fact, you might know some highly intelligent people who make foolhardy choices thanks to a lack of critical thinking. There are clear advantages to being intelligent, such as the ability to get good grades and be successful at school and work. However, intelligence doesn’t predict other important life outcomes, such as wellbeing or life satisfaction. Critical thinking, however, has been linked with wellness and longevity. As mentioned earlier, this study indicated that critical thinking more strongly predicted life events than intelligence. This is good news, because while intelligence is significantly determined by genetics, critical thinking can be taught. So even if your child is far from being a straight-A student, they can learn the skills to think through problems and make wise decisions.