At the 2014 annual Dispersion Modellers user group meeting guest speaker James Tate spoke the topic: 'Making better use of microsimulation models for estimating vehicle emissions'
At the 2014 annual Dispersion Modellers user group meeting guest speaker Sean Beevers spoke on the topic: 'Update on progress with the development of a hybrid personal exposure model'
At the 2014 annual Dispersion Modellers user group meeting guest speaker Christine McHugh spoke on the topic: 'Comparison of Air Quality in World Cities'
At the 2014 annual Dispersion Modellers user group meeting guest speaker James Tate spoke the topic: 'Making better use of microsimulation models for estimating vehicle emissions'
At the 2014 annual Dispersion Modellers user group meeting guest speaker Sean Beevers spoke on the topic: 'Update on progress with the development of a hybrid personal exposure model'
At the 2014 annual Dispersion Modellers user group meeting guest speaker Christine McHugh spoke on the topic: 'Comparison of Air Quality in World Cities'
Abstract: Considering data from 260 articulated trucks, with ∼12900 cc Euro 6 engines driving along a motorway in England (M18), the study first shows how different approaches lead to the conclusion that road pavement surface conditions influence fuel consumption of the considered truck fleet. Then, a multiple linear regression for the prediction of fuel consumption was generated. The model shows that evenness and macrotexture can impact the truck fuel consumption by up to 3% and 5%, respectively. It is a significant impact which confirms that, although the available funding for pavement maintenance is limited, the importance of limiting GHG emissions, together with the economic benefits of reducing fuel consumption are reasons to improve road condition.
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects - presented by MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2017. http://bit.ly/2re35Cs
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
A New Paradigm in User Equilibrium-Application in Managed Lane PricingCSCJournals
Ineffective use of the High-Occupancy-Vehicle (HOV) lanes has the potential to decrease the overall roadway throughput during peak periods. Excess capacity in HOV lanes during peak periods can be made available to other types of vehicles, including single occupancy vehicles (SOV) for a price (toll). Such dual use lanes are known as “Managed Lanes.” The main purpose of this research is to propose a new paradigm in user equilibrium to predict the travel demand for determining the optimal fare policy for managed lane facilities. Depending on their value of time, motorists may choose to travel on Managed Lanes (ML) or General Purpose Lanes (GPL). In this study, the features in the software called Toll Pricing Modeler version 4.3 (TPM-4.3) are described. TPM-4.3 is developed based on this new user equilibrium concept and utilizes it to examine various operating scenarios. The software has two built-in operating objective options: 1) what would the ML operating speed be for a specified SOV toll, or 2) what should the SOV toll be for a desired minimum ML operating speed. A number of pricing policy scenarios are developed and examined on the proposed managed lane segment on Interstate 30 (I-30) in Grand Prairie, Texas. The software provides quantitative estimates of various factors including toll revenue, emissions and system performance such as person movement and traffic speed on managed and general purpose lanes. Overall, among the scenarios examined, higher toll rates tend to generate higher toll revenues, reduce overall CO and NOx emissions, and shift demand to general purpose lanes. On the other hand, HOV preferential treatments at any given toll level tend to reduce toll revenue, have no impact on or reduce system performance on managed lanes, and increase CO and NOx emissions.
"A big data approach for investigating the performance of road infrastructure...TRUSS ITN
“Using truck sensors for road pavement performance investigation” is a research project within TRUSS, an innovative training network funded from the EU under the Horizon 2020 programme. The project aims at assessing the impact of the condition of the road pavement unevenness and macrotexture, on the fuel consumption of trucks to reduce uncertainty in the framework of life-cycle assessment of road pavements. In the past, several studies claimed that a road pavement in poor condition can affect the fuel consumption of road vehicles. However, these conclusions are based just on tests performed on a selection of road segments using a few vehicles and this may not be representative of real conditions. That leaves uncertainty in the topic and it does not allow road mangers to review the current road maintenance strategies that could otherwise help in reducing costs and greenhouse gas emissions from the road transport industry. The project investigated an alternative approach that considers large quantities of data from standard sensors installed on trucks combined with information in the database of road agencies that includes measurements of the conditions of the road network. In particular, using advanced regression techniques, a fuel consumption model that can take into consideration these effects has been developed. The paper presents a summary of the findings of the project, it highlights implications for road asset management and the road maintenance strategies and discusses advantages and limitations of the approach used, pointing out possible improvements and future work.
Presentation delivered at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30, during the session entitled Goods Movement - Reaching Destinations Safely and Efficiently.
Prepared by
François Bélisle, Eng., B. Sc., M.A.
Marilyne Brosseau, Eng., M.Eng.
Steve Careau, Eng.
Philippe Mytofir, techn.
Validated by:
Stephan Kellner, Eng., M.Eng.
Presentation by Clare Linton at UTSG January 2015.
www.city.ac.uk/utsg-2015/programme
www.engineering.leeds.ac.uk/dtc-low-carbon-technologies/student-profiles/ClareLinton.shtml
Transit Signalisation Priority (TSP) - A New Approach to Calculate GainsWSP
Presentation by François Bélisle, Eng. , B.Sc., M.A. and Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS delivered at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Updated Traffic Analysis Tools for Complete StreetsWSP
Incorporating Pedestrian Level of Service into Traffic Analysis for Improved Decision-Making
Presented by Paul Tétreault, Eng., Urb., P.Eng., M.U.P. and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.A. from WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Abstract: Considering data from 260 articulated trucks, with ∼12900 cc Euro 6 engines driving along a motorway in England (M18), the study first shows how different approaches lead to the conclusion that road pavement surface conditions influence fuel consumption of the considered truck fleet. Then, a multiple linear regression for the prediction of fuel consumption was generated. The model shows that evenness and macrotexture can impact the truck fuel consumption by up to 3% and 5%, respectively. It is a significant impact which confirms that, although the available funding for pavement maintenance is limited, the importance of limiting GHG emissions, together with the economic benefits of reducing fuel consumption are reasons to improve road condition.
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects - presented by MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2017. http://bit.ly/2re35Cs
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
A New Paradigm in User Equilibrium-Application in Managed Lane PricingCSCJournals
Ineffective use of the High-Occupancy-Vehicle (HOV) lanes has the potential to decrease the overall roadway throughput during peak periods. Excess capacity in HOV lanes during peak periods can be made available to other types of vehicles, including single occupancy vehicles (SOV) for a price (toll). Such dual use lanes are known as “Managed Lanes.” The main purpose of this research is to propose a new paradigm in user equilibrium to predict the travel demand for determining the optimal fare policy for managed lane facilities. Depending on their value of time, motorists may choose to travel on Managed Lanes (ML) or General Purpose Lanes (GPL). In this study, the features in the software called Toll Pricing Modeler version 4.3 (TPM-4.3) are described. TPM-4.3 is developed based on this new user equilibrium concept and utilizes it to examine various operating scenarios. The software has two built-in operating objective options: 1) what would the ML operating speed be for a specified SOV toll, or 2) what should the SOV toll be for a desired minimum ML operating speed. A number of pricing policy scenarios are developed and examined on the proposed managed lane segment on Interstate 30 (I-30) in Grand Prairie, Texas. The software provides quantitative estimates of various factors including toll revenue, emissions and system performance such as person movement and traffic speed on managed and general purpose lanes. Overall, among the scenarios examined, higher toll rates tend to generate higher toll revenues, reduce overall CO and NOx emissions, and shift demand to general purpose lanes. On the other hand, HOV preferential treatments at any given toll level tend to reduce toll revenue, have no impact on or reduce system performance on managed lanes, and increase CO and NOx emissions.
"A big data approach for investigating the performance of road infrastructure...TRUSS ITN
“Using truck sensors for road pavement performance investigation” is a research project within TRUSS, an innovative training network funded from the EU under the Horizon 2020 programme. The project aims at assessing the impact of the condition of the road pavement unevenness and macrotexture, on the fuel consumption of trucks to reduce uncertainty in the framework of life-cycle assessment of road pavements. In the past, several studies claimed that a road pavement in poor condition can affect the fuel consumption of road vehicles. However, these conclusions are based just on tests performed on a selection of road segments using a few vehicles and this may not be representative of real conditions. That leaves uncertainty in the topic and it does not allow road mangers to review the current road maintenance strategies that could otherwise help in reducing costs and greenhouse gas emissions from the road transport industry. The project investigated an alternative approach that considers large quantities of data from standard sensors installed on trucks combined with information in the database of road agencies that includes measurements of the conditions of the road network. In particular, using advanced regression techniques, a fuel consumption model that can take into consideration these effects has been developed. The paper presents a summary of the findings of the project, it highlights implications for road asset management and the road maintenance strategies and discusses advantages and limitations of the approach used, pointing out possible improvements and future work.
Presentation delivered at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30, during the session entitled Goods Movement - Reaching Destinations Safely and Efficiently.
Prepared by
François Bélisle, Eng., B. Sc., M.A.
Marilyne Brosseau, Eng., M.Eng.
Steve Careau, Eng.
Philippe Mytofir, techn.
Validated by:
Stephan Kellner, Eng., M.Eng.
Presentation by Clare Linton at UTSG January 2015.
www.city.ac.uk/utsg-2015/programme
www.engineering.leeds.ac.uk/dtc-low-carbon-technologies/student-profiles/ClareLinton.shtml
Transit Signalisation Priority (TSP) - A New Approach to Calculate GainsWSP
Presentation by François Bélisle, Eng. , B.Sc., M.A. and Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS delivered at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Updated Traffic Analysis Tools for Complete StreetsWSP
Incorporating Pedestrian Level of Service into Traffic Analysis for Improved Decision-Making
Presented by Paul Tétreault, Eng., Urb., P.Eng., M.U.P. and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.A. from WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
A brief introduction to SAMCEF Mecano capabilities for Vehicle Dynamics applications. For more info, please contact our Sales representatives or visit our website www.samtech.com
Similar to Critical issues in estimating human exposure to traffic related air pollution - advancing the assessment of road vehicle emissions estimates
Dr Glyn Rhys-Tyler - Road vehicle exhaust emissions; 'an age of uncertainty' ...IES / IAQM
DMUG remains the key annual event for experts in this field. Unmissable speakers will be examining topical issues in emissions, exposure and dispersion modelling.
Presentation by Dr James Tate at Scottish Transport Emissions Partnership Annual Conference 2016
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/j.tate
https://stepscotland.com/2016/08/18/919/
Derde spreker prof. Jan Cortvriend 15de horta infoavond ademloos straten-gene...Koen van Hees
De derde spreker van de 15de Horta info avond van Ademloos en stRaten-generaal: professor Jan Cortvriend van het Directorate General Environment van de Europese Commissie, over luchtkwaliteit, transporteffecten en wetgevende initiatieven. Op deze 'special edition' van 5 oktober 2014 vertelden 4 professoren en gerenommeerde EU experten over luchtkwaliteit, voor een nokvolle Horta zaal. De 4 professoren zijn allemaal verbonden aan het EU project SEFIRA (SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL RESPONSES TO AIR POLLUTION POLICIES IN EU).
https://youtu.be/Hfq6J29BLnc
Presentation by Dr James Tate to IAQM Air Quality Conference October 2015.
http://iaqm.co.uk/event/routes-to-clean-air-air-quality-conference-2015
https://youtu.be/1WVelwAEg-c
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/j.tate
Presentation by Dr James Tate, February 2015.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/j.tate
www.ciht.org.uk/en/events/events-listing.cfm/the-challenge-of-improving-sheffields-air-quality
Marc stettler modelling of instantaneous vehicle emissions - dmug17IES / IAQM
DMUG remains the key annual event for experts in this field. Unmissable speakers will be examining topical issues in emissions, exposure and dispersion modelling.
Regulatory Outlook for real-world emissions - ICCTAutomotive IQ
Earlier this year, Franco Vicente, Researcher at the ICCT, presented at our "Engine Optimisation for RDE Conference" in Frankfurt, Germany. His presentation gave the audience an overview of current challenges for exhaust emissions from modern diesel cars, advanced systems and trends for emission measurement technologies to meet 2020 targets.
Presentation by Dr James Tate, February 2016
http://futurepowertrains.co.uk
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/j.tate
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/research/groups/safety-and-technology/vems
Globally we need to halve the carbon emissions by 2050. Through the release of Greenhouse Gases (GHG), the industry also contributes significantly to climate change.Several reulations has been put in place to help recude CO2 emissions but the shipping industry is still faced by some challenges. Big Data is helping to cut fuel bills and CO2 emissions. Objective is to build a ship rating tool for ranking and rating ships on their emissions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Presentation by Dr James Tate at www.aimsun.com/2016-aimsun-users-meeting-athens
Similar to Critical issues in estimating human exposure to traffic related air pollution - advancing the assessment of road vehicle emissions estimates (20)
www.nhtnetwork.org/cqc-efficiency-network/home
The CQC Efficiency Network is a collaborative venture between ITS researcher Dr Phill Wheat and leading
performance and benchmarking company measure2improve (m2wi). Dr Wheat has used funding from the EPSRC
Impact Acceleration Account (IAA) to refine the tools to support m2i in developing the fast growing network. The IAA is an institutional award funded by EPSRC to help speed up the contribution that engineering and physical science research make towards new innovation, successful businesses and
the economic returns that benefit UK plc.
Cutting-edge transport research showcased to Secretary of State during the event to officially re- open the Institute building www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/4011/cutting-edge_transport_research_showcased_to_secretary_of_state
DR STEPHEN HALL, PROFESSOR SIMON SHEPHERD, DR ZIA WADUD; UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, IN COLLABORATION WITH FUTURE CITIES CATAPULT
Also see https://theconversation.com/five-reasons-why-you-might-be-driving-electric-sooner-than-you-think-71896
Presentation Fiona Crawford - winner of the Smeed prize for best student paper at the UTSG Conference 2017
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/f.crawford
www.utsg.net/web/index.php?page=annual-conference
Efforts to reduce the emissions from car travel have so far been hampered by a lack of specific information on car ownership and use. The Motoring and vehicle Ownership Trends in the UK (MOT) project seeks to address this by bringing together new sources of data to give a spatially and disaggregated diagnosis of car ownership and use in Great Britain and the associated energy demand and emissions.
Data from annual car M.O.T tests, made available by the Department for Transport, will be used as a platform upon which to develop and undertake a set of inter-linked modelling and analysis tasks using multiple sources of vehicle-specific and area-based data. Through this the project will develop the capability to understand spatial and temporal differences in car ownership and use, the determinants of those differences, and how levels may change over time and in response to various policy measures. The relationship between fuel use and emissions, and the demographic, economic, infrastructural and socio-cultural factors influencing these will also be tested.
Consequently, the MOT project has the potential to transform the way in which energy and emissions related to car use are quantified, understood and monitored to help refine future research and policy agendas and to inform transport and energy infrastructure planning.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/research/featured-projects/mot
The University's Annual Review covering the 2015-16 academic year. This new publication gives an overview of some of the most important initiatives and activities that the University has undertaken recently and a sense of the scale of the ambition for the future.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/c.calastri
Social networks, i.e. the circles of people we are socially connected to, have been recognised to play a role in shaping our travel and activity behaviour. This not only has to do with socialisation being the purpose of travel, but also with enabling mobility and other activities through the so-called social capital. Another theme in the literature connecting social environment and travel behaviour is social influence, i.e. the investigation of how travel behaviour can be affected by observation or comparison with other people. Research about the impact of social influence on travel choices is still at its infancy. In this talk, I will give an overview of how choice modelling can be used to investigate the relationships between social networks, travel and activities. I will touch upon work that I have done so far, in particular I will describe my applications of the Multiple Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) model to frequency of social interactions as well as to allocation of time to different activities, taking the social dimension into account. In these studies, I make use of social network and travel data collected in places as diverse as Switzerland and Chile. I will also discuss ongoing work making use of longitudinal life-course data to model the impact of family of origin and the “mobility environment” people grew up in on travel decision of adults. Finally, I will outline future plans about modelling behavioural changes due to social influence using the smartphone app travel data that are being collected in Leeds within the “Choices and consumption: modelling long and short term decisions in a changing world” (“DECISIONS”) project.
Shigeki Oxawa is Associate Professor at the Department of Integrated Informatics, Daido University and part-time Lecturer in Transport Economics at Hosei University. He is a transport economist with a strong interest in transport policy. He is currently an academic visitor at Leeds University (April 2016-March 2017) working in the area of intermodal transport (with a focus on rail freight transport) and in turn track access charges.
Abstract: In the national railway revolution in Japan, the passenger division was divided into 6 companies by regions. They operate trains and own/manage the rail track (vertical integration system). On the other hand, vertical separation was introduced into freight companies, therefore, freight companies have to access rail track owned/managed by passenger companies. The Japanese regulator regards track access transactions between passenger companies and freight companies as private business.
In the vertical separation system, freight companies cannot get access to the slots required and efficient allocation of rail track cannot be achieved. The vertical separation is a very significant issue in railway policy and freight transport policy in Japan. In the presentation, causes and possible solutions to the issue will be shown.
Shigeki is Associate Professor at the Department of Integrated Informatics, Daido University and part-time Lecturer in Transport Economics at Hosei University. He is a transport economist with a strong interest in transport policy. He is currently an academic visitor at Leeds University (April 2016-March 2017) working in the area of intermodal transport (with a focus on rail freight transport) and in turn track access charges. He has 20 years of experience in research and teaching.
Empirical analysis of crowd-sourced freight deliveries
Presenter: Amanda Stathopoulos, Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University
This seminar presents results from empirical analysis of crowd-sourced freight deliveries in the US. Crowd-sourced deliveries build on the idea that citizens deliver goods, ideally along planned travel routes. Crowdshipping has a potential to match highly fragmented transport capacities with vastly diverse demand for urban freight deliveries, temporally, spatially and in real-time. This is typically achieved through platforms that connect carriers with consumers in need of deliveries. A third-party broker, who operates the platform, provides match-making, analysis and customer services between demand and supply. The main advantage of crowdshipping is the reduced need for fixed facilities, such as cars or warehouses, to run operations. The main obstacles are trust, liability issues, and ensuring a critical mass of couriers and customers. Despite the growth in operations, there is still a poor understanding of the performance, functionality and acceptability of these new delivery methods. The seminar presents results analyzing the performance in the early stages of operation of crowdshipping. Based on real operational data from 2 years across the US the performance is examined with an emphasis on the specificity of crowdshipping, namely related to delivery variability and the temporal matching dynamics. Based on additional survey experiments the behavior of the main agents in the system is modeled with an emphasis on revealing acceptance and priorities of both occasional drivers and senders. The research derives from a Partnership-for-Innovation (PFI) project funded by the NSF where a Chicago based research team (NU, UIC) is evaluating the capabilities of CROwd-sourced Urban Delivery (CROUD) in collaboration with a crowd-shipper technology firm.
About Amanda: Amanda’s research focuses on developing new methodologies to collect data and specify mathematical models to account for broad and realistic choice behaviour in the transport setting (for instance social determinants, environmental concern, user experience, simplified decision rules). These richer layers of user motivations is an area of primary relevance in improving understanding and prediction of travel behavior. For a range of current transportation challenges such as promoting transit ridership growth, moving towards alternative fuels, or getting companies to adopt better practices in delivering goods, there is increasing recognition of the need to build adequate tools to account for decision complexity on the user side to match with effective decision support.
Research presentation by visiting academic Dr Michael Poku-Boansi, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Planning, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana and member of the Ghana Institute of Planners (GIP).
Abstract:
Research indicates that transport services in cities in developing countries are mostly informal and include the use of rickety and low occupancy vehicles such as minibuses, taxis, motorcycles and vans, operated by private groups or individuals. Due to this classification, two schools of thought have emerged. The first suggests that these informal transport service sector operators in most cases operate outside the officially sanctioned public transport sector and as a result should be regarded as nuisance due to its disorganised nature, calling for public intervention and occasional eradication. Given its disorganised nature, informal transport service operators are identified with urban problems including low level of services, high rates of collision and accidents, increased congestion in cities, erratic scheduling and services, inadequate and lack of capacity and evasion of taxes and fees. In contrast, the other school of thought supports and emphasises the critical role these private operators play in meeting the mobility demand of the urban population, as in some jurisdictions (e.g., Ghana, Kenya, and Senegal) provide over 50% of transport services. Public transport service provision in Ghana has undergone several transformations since pre-colonial times, both structured and disorganised development. However, to avoid the gradual decay of public transport service provision in Ghana, the government of Ghana since 2005 has initiated plans to introduce Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) services as a way of improving efficiency in public transport services. The Ghana UTP seeks to among other things to improve mobility within Ghana’s urban centres and to shift to more environmentally-sustainable transport modes and lower transport-related GHG emissions. Although the BRT project is yet to be fully roll out, its implementation is already facing some resistance from the informal public transport operators due to, a large extent, mistrust between the informal public transport operators and the government. The informal public transport operators consider this government intervention (BRT) as a strategy to make their operations inefficient and unpopular among Ghanaians. As a result, previous attempts to implement the project have failed, regardless of the potential benefits of the BRT. The purpose of my research is to explore ways of transition the uncoordinated informal public transport service operations in Ghana into a formal public transport service sector.
Presentation by Cristhian Figueroa at the Socially Just Transport Doctoral Network
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/c.figueroa+martinez
https://transportandsocialjustice.com/2016/11/25/2nd-seminar-201617-1411-pictures-and-presentations
Cristhian Figueroa is architect and master in Urban Design and a PhD student at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) at the University of Leeds. He is currently studying the effects of the features of deprived built environments over walking skills. His work includes studies related land use around transfer stations and social practices involved in pedestrian trips.
Guest presentation at www.cmc.leeds.ac.uk by Maria Kamargianni, Lecturer in Transport & Energy, Head of the Urban Transport & Energy Group at UCL
https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=MKAMA85
www.cmc.leeds.ac.uk/events
This talk highlights some of the gains that can be had from reaching across the cross-disciplinary gap between engineering on the one hand, and psychology and neuroscience on the other. To this end, the talk briefly outlines a driver modelling framework that has been previously proposed by the presenter, and then describes how this framework has engendered new research hypotheses and results of applied engineering relevance. The modelling framework draws on knowledge from contemporary neuroscience and psychology, and construes driver control behaviour rather differently from many existing models, especially if comparing to models that have been put to use in applied engineering contexts. The follow-on research and results that have built on predictions from the framework include an improved understanding of driver response in crashes and near-crashes, improved estimates of safety benefits of collision avoidance systems, new perspectives on the effects of driver impairment and distraction, and objective methods for fidelity assessment of driving simulators. Cross-fertilisation can also happen in the other direction, with psychological accounts of the driver being informed by concepts from vehicle engineering.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/g.markkula
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/about/events/seminar-series/
More from Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) (20)
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Critical issues in estimating human exposure to traffic related air pollution - advancing the assessment of road vehicle emissions estimates
1. Institute for Transport Studies
FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT
Critical Issues in Estimating Human
Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution:
Advancing the Assessment of Road
Vehicle Emissions Estimates
Haneen Khreis
@WCTR 2016 Shanghai, 10-15 July 2016
3. o Road traffic is a dominant
source of urban air pollution
o Historic & current trends
suggest ongoing increases in
vehicle fleet and number of
people exposed to traffic-
related air pollution (TRAP)
o Traffic-related emissions and
air pollution difficult to quantify
and control
Background
4. Increased awareness of the adverse
health effects associated with TRAP
o All-cause and cardiovascular mortality,
cardiovascular morbidity, respiratory
morbidity, lung function, COPD, birth
outcomes, cancer, cognitive and
psychomotor development, congenital
anomalies, fertility rates, obesity, diabetes
Background
5. Some open questions
o Which (multi-)pollutants?
o Which vehicle fleet (fuels,
emission standards, vehicle
classes)?
o Where to intervene?
o What is the accuracy and
precision of the health effect
estimates?
o Are vehicle emission standards
adequate?
o Are air quality guidelines
adequate?
6. Open questions
Compliance,
effectiveness
Atmospheric transport,
chemical transformation,
and deposition
Human time-activity in relation
to indoor and outdoor air quality;
Uptake, deposition, clearance, retention
Susceptibility factors;
mechanisms of damage
and repair, health outcomes
Regulatory
action
Traffic
emissions
Traffic air
pollution
Exposure/
dose
Human
healthHEI, 2003
At the mercy of the
emission inputs/ factors
7. Current emission estimation
methodology
o Vehicle emissions
(g/km), for a certain
pollutant and a
vehicle type, are
functions of average
speed over a trip
E= f ( ҧ𝑣)
o In Europe, functions
are sourced from
COPERT
functions unreliable,
especially at lower
average speeds
A typical range of the variability of individual measurements for emission factors for
gasoline passenger cars of Euro 3 technology
8. New emission estimation
methodology
o Develop a new set of average-speed emission functions transparent
and replicable
o Better account for real-world driving conditions e.g. urban stop-start
driving/ congestions (where emissions are underestimated)
o Explore real-world driving conditions effects on emissions road
gradient
o Compare the new functions with the current/ standard emission
estimation methodology and highlight differences
o Apply both methodologies to the traffic air pollution exposure/dose
human health effects (childhood asthma) chain
Regulatory action
Traffic emissions
Exposure/ dose
Human health
Traffic air pollution
15. Results
Statistic Micro-trip distance (km) Micro-trip time (s)
Micro-trip average
speed (km/h)
Minimum 0.001389 2.00 0.2857
1st quartile 0.034583 29.00 4.3604
Median 0.157222 59.00 11.7600
Mean 0.467699 77.95 15.0534
3rd quartile 0.590556 98.00 24.6097
Maximum 12.694220 919.00 78.9278
33 hours of driving 1406 micro-trips
16. Results
o For each vehicle class, fuel type
and Euro emission standard,
(micro-trip) average-speed
emission function was developed
o R2 ranging from 0.54 to 0.98
o Low relationships are a product
of the inability of the statistical
models to address large scatter
o Including road grade in model
estimates highly increases the
scatter and decreases R2
18. Comparison with COPERT
Passenger car – diesel pre-Euro Passenger car – diesel Euro 1 Passenger car – diesel Euro 2
Passenger car – diesel Euro 3 Passenger car – diesel Euro 4 Passenger car – diesel Euro 5
Diesel passenger cars (-1325%, 33%; DE5)
19. Comparison with COPERT
Passenger car – petrol pre-Euro Passenger car – petrol Euro 1 Passenger car – petrol Euro 2
Passenger car – petrol Euro 3 Passenger car – petrol Euro 4 Passenger car – petrol Euro 5
Petrol passenger cars (-338%, 32%; DE5)
20. Comparison with COPERT
SD Buses diesel pre-Euro SD Buses diesel Euro 1 SD Buses diesel Euro 2
SD Buses diesel Euro 3 SD Buses diesel Euro 4 SD Buses diesel Euro 5
Single Decker buses (-4287%, 39%; DE5 - SCR)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100
COPERT SD Buses EURO 0
New SD Buses EURO 0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100
COPERT SD Buses EURO 1
New SD Buses EURO 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100
COPERT SD Buses EURO 2
New SD Buses EURO 2
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100
COPERT SD Buses EURO 3
New SD Buses EURO 3
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100
COPERT SD Buses EURO 4
New SD Buses EURO 4
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100
COPERT Euro 5 SCR
New Euro 5 SCR
22. Summary
• New average-speed emission functions developed tailored for Bradford
driving and underpinned by:
• High resolution real-world driving cycles ++
• Modelled emissions (PHEM; verified but a model) -
• And a micro-trip averaging approach +?
• Results confirm different emission estimates at lower average speeds
• Implications to practice unclear modelled journey times are
consistently faster than observed, suggesting that congestion is under-
represented in traffic models
• To minimize errors in the road traffic emission inventory, a series of
improvements regarding activity data should be implemented and
vehicle class specific driving cycles should be obtained
• Inaccurate emissions and TRAP estimates can bias exposure-response
functions downward bias?