What You See is What You Get: In-use Measurement of Vehicle Activity, Emissions, and Fuel Use in Istanbul

1. What You See is What You Get: In-use Measurement of Vehicle Activity, Emissions, and Fuel Use in Istanbul Alper Unal, Ph.D Senior Research Scientist

3. The Land and Oceans have warmed http://www.ipcc.ch

4. Precipitation patterns have changed http://www.ipcc.ch

5. http://www.ipcc.ch

9. Air Quality in Istanbul: 1990s

10. Evs el Isınmada kullanılan yakıt temiz hale getirildi

11. Vehicle Emissions in Istanbul 2.6 Million Vehicles in Istanbul in 2006 600 new vehicles enter traffic everyday (Assuming 50 % is taken outside Istanbul, 300 new vehicles/day)

15. Measurement Site

17. Diesel Vehicle Test Route

18. Diesel Testing

19. Diesel Testing

20. Diesel Testing

22. Gasoline Vehicle Test Route

23. Gasoline Testing

24. Gasoline Testing

25. Gasoline Testing

26. Example of PM 2.5 - Diesel Vehicles

28. Driving Behavior and Traffic Flow Study Areas A B C D E A – Europe mid-lower income B – Europe mid-higher income C – Europe commercial D – Asia mid-higher income E – Asia mid-lower income

29. Driving Behavior – Mid-Lower Income Route

32. typical highway driving pattern

33. Typical Arterial Driving Pattern

35. Example: GPS data collected from a bus

36. Dolmuş

37. Truck

38. Taxi

40. Comparison of Registered Park Data

41. Annual Vehicle Miles** ** Based on car sale ads

42. Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Diesel Emissions Measurements IVEM Total Emissions per 1000 km Total Emissions Annual VKT Fleet & Location Files Base Adjustment Factors Gasoline Emissions Measurements Start-up Data (VOCE) Power Distribution (GPS) Fleet Distribution (Parking Lots) Other Data (Temp., Humidity, Fuel Quality)

43. 2006 VKT Values Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Total Kilometers Percent (%) Passenger Vehicle 56,369,617,511 65.5 Buses 6,061,408,753 7.0 Light Trucks 15,293,540,880 17.8 Trucks 3,698,546,460 4.3 Taxi 3,646,569,000 4.2 Dolmus 309,869,824 0.4

45. 2015 Proje ction Source: Prof. Dr Haluk Gercek Year Population Employment Students 2006 11,618,050 4,083,104 2,690,566 2010 13,495,516 4,847,464 2,760,517 2015 14,952,755 5,502,941 3,094,496 2023 17,284,338 6,551,705 3,628,863

46. 2015 Proje ction Source: Prof. Dr Haluk Gercek

47. 2015 Proje ction Source: Prof. Dr Haluk Gercek

48. 2015 Proje ction A 25 % improvement has been observed from field measurements

49. Emission Estimates for 2006 ve 2015 CO2 Emissions Improvement in technology

50. Emission Estimates for 2006 ve 2015 Criteria Pollutants CO NOX Total Hydrocarbons

51. Particulate Matter Sulfur Dioxide Criteria Pollutants Emission Estimates for 2006 ve 2015

52. WORKSHOP

56. Clean Fuels Clean Vehicles Project

59. Contributions