International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Effect of HHO Gas as Fuel Additive on the Exhaust Emissions of Internal Combu...IJASRD Journal
The use of carbon-base fuels by diesel engines release gases such as CO, NOx, SO2, and THCs which constitute a major source of environmental pollution. These gases when released into the atmosphere result in the formation of acid rain and cause greenhouse effect. In the present study, an experiment was carried out with and without the use of HHO gas. The concentrations of the emitted gases were measured using an E8500 Plus gas analyzer. The results showed that the average concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburnt hydrocarbons (THCs), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emitted from the combustion chamber of the test engine was decreased by 68.8%, 35.2%, 16.4% and 97.9% respectively when a mixture of HHO gas/petrol/air was used instead of petrol/air mixture in an internal combustion engine. However, the average concentration of oxygen (O2) gas increased by 1.7%.
Traffic-related air pollution and the local burden of childhood asthma in Bra...Haneen Khreis
Background/aim Asthma is a burdensome disease which has been cited as the most common chronic disease in children. Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may be an important exposure in its development. Bradford, UK, is a multi-ethnic deprived city suffering from asthma rates higher than national and regional averages. TRAP is of concern to local communities and is thought to contribute to the asthma burden. Methods We estimated childhood population exposure to traffic-related NOx and NO2 at the smallest census tract level in Bradford using three validated exposure assessment methods: two novel full-chain models linking transport, two different emission models and air dispersion models and one land-use regression (LUR) model, which was developed as part of ESCAPE and which also provided estimates for other pollutants including PM2.5, PM10 and black carbon. We extracted national and local childhood asthma incidence rates and used meta-analytic exposure-response functions. We calculated the relative risk and population attributable fraction of childhood asthma attributable to each pollutant. We estimated asthma cases attributable to each pollutant and exposure combination. Results Depending on the exposure assessment method used and the pollutant studied, the estimated TRAP-attributable asthma cases varied between 279 and 687 annually, representing between 15% to 38% of all asthma cases in the city. The health impacts estimated were sensitive to the exposure assessment method used, the pollutant selected in the analysis but, differently from the initial hypothesis, not to the vehicle emission factors used in the full-chain models. Conclusion TRAP is estimated to cause a large, but preventable, childhood asthma burden. This study is the first study undertaking full-chain health impact assessment that considers the full-chain from source, through exposure pathway to outcome. The study also adds to the scarce literature exploring the impacts of different exposure assessments on the estimated burden of disease.
Urban Air Quality Modelling and Simulation: A Case Study of Kolhapur (M.S.), ...IDES Editor
As a consequence of urbanization a phenomenal
surge has been observed in the vehicular population in India,
giving rise to elevated levels of traffic related pollutants like
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and
particulates in Indian urban centers. These pollutants can
have both acute and chronic effects on human health. Thus
air quality management needs immediate attention. Air
quality models simulate the physical and chemical processes
occurring in the atmosphere to estimate the atmospheric
pollutant concentration. A variety of air quality models are
available ranging from simple empirical models to complex
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models. Air quality
models can be a valuable tool in pollution forecasting, air
quality management, traffic management and urban planning.
This paper evaluates the performance of widely used Danish
Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) under Indian
traffic conditions. Comparison between predicted and observed
concentrations was performed using both quantitative and
statistical methods. OSPM was found to perform exceedingly
well for the prediction of particulates whereas NO2 predictions
were poorly predicted.
PROCESS FLOW AND ANALYSIS OF CCS PLANT INSTALLED AT RGPV BHOPAL RUN BY BIOMAS...IAEME Publication
Carbon capture and sequestration/storage (CCS) is a potential carbon dioxide emission mitigation technology for coal-based power plants. In order to achieve the global target of carbon dioxide mitigation, this paper introduces a novel approach and performance based analysis of a pilot plant installed at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (India). The evaluation was performed on the basis of data collection from a trial run of 1000 hours.
Effect of HHO Gas as Fuel Additive on the Exhaust Emissions of Internal Combu...IJASRD Journal
The use of carbon-base fuels by diesel engines release gases such as CO, NOx, SO2, and THCs which constitute a major source of environmental pollution. These gases when released into the atmosphere result in the formation of acid rain and cause greenhouse effect. In the present study, an experiment was carried out with and without the use of HHO gas. The concentrations of the emitted gases were measured using an E8500 Plus gas analyzer. The results showed that the average concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburnt hydrocarbons (THCs), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emitted from the combustion chamber of the test engine was decreased by 68.8%, 35.2%, 16.4% and 97.9% respectively when a mixture of HHO gas/petrol/air was used instead of petrol/air mixture in an internal combustion engine. However, the average concentration of oxygen (O2) gas increased by 1.7%.
Traffic-related air pollution and the local burden of childhood asthma in Bra...Haneen Khreis
Background/aim Asthma is a burdensome disease which has been cited as the most common chronic disease in children. Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may be an important exposure in its development. Bradford, UK, is a multi-ethnic deprived city suffering from asthma rates higher than national and regional averages. TRAP is of concern to local communities and is thought to contribute to the asthma burden. Methods We estimated childhood population exposure to traffic-related NOx and NO2 at the smallest census tract level in Bradford using three validated exposure assessment methods: two novel full-chain models linking transport, two different emission models and air dispersion models and one land-use regression (LUR) model, which was developed as part of ESCAPE and which also provided estimates for other pollutants including PM2.5, PM10 and black carbon. We extracted national and local childhood asthma incidence rates and used meta-analytic exposure-response functions. We calculated the relative risk and population attributable fraction of childhood asthma attributable to each pollutant. We estimated asthma cases attributable to each pollutant and exposure combination. Results Depending on the exposure assessment method used and the pollutant studied, the estimated TRAP-attributable asthma cases varied between 279 and 687 annually, representing between 15% to 38% of all asthma cases in the city. The health impacts estimated were sensitive to the exposure assessment method used, the pollutant selected in the analysis but, differently from the initial hypothesis, not to the vehicle emission factors used in the full-chain models. Conclusion TRAP is estimated to cause a large, but preventable, childhood asthma burden. This study is the first study undertaking full-chain health impact assessment that considers the full-chain from source, through exposure pathway to outcome. The study also adds to the scarce literature exploring the impacts of different exposure assessments on the estimated burden of disease.
Urban Air Quality Modelling and Simulation: A Case Study of Kolhapur (M.S.), ...IDES Editor
As a consequence of urbanization a phenomenal
surge has been observed in the vehicular population in India,
giving rise to elevated levels of traffic related pollutants like
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and
particulates in Indian urban centers. These pollutants can
have both acute and chronic effects on human health. Thus
air quality management needs immediate attention. Air
quality models simulate the physical and chemical processes
occurring in the atmosphere to estimate the atmospheric
pollutant concentration. A variety of air quality models are
available ranging from simple empirical models to complex
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models. Air quality
models can be a valuable tool in pollution forecasting, air
quality management, traffic management and urban planning.
This paper evaluates the performance of widely used Danish
Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) under Indian
traffic conditions. Comparison between predicted and observed
concentrations was performed using both quantitative and
statistical methods. OSPM was found to perform exceedingly
well for the prediction of particulates whereas NO2 predictions
were poorly predicted.
PROCESS FLOW AND ANALYSIS OF CCS PLANT INSTALLED AT RGPV BHOPAL RUN BY BIOMAS...IAEME Publication
Carbon capture and sequestration/storage (CCS) is a potential carbon dioxide emission mitigation technology for coal-based power plants. In order to achieve the global target of carbon dioxide mitigation, this paper introduces a novel approach and performance based analysis of a pilot plant installed at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (India). The evaluation was performed on the basis of data collection from a trial run of 1000 hours.
To Reduce the Pollution from the Earth which is exhausted By Vehicles?IJERA Editor
1.1 Objectives
To reduce quantity of pollute gases from the atmosphere. Also reduced effect of the exhaust gases on human
being.To get some products which may use in different purposes.
1.2 Beneficiaries
For better environment near the cross roads.Also for society and world by reducing CO2.Get product was
economic and use for environment.
1.3 Value of result
We can use these on crossing roads in urban area.We can also use these at toll plaza on highway.We may also
use at that where daily traffic are very high. Also
for industrial purpose.
1.4 Unique selling point
“Stay comfort, because we steal your detriment”
Selection of optimal air pollution control strategieseSAT Journals
Abstract
Sustainable development needs social, economic, energy and environmental sustainability. We propose a model to minimize the total cost consisting of economic cost of pollution control equipment, health cost because of pollutants emissions. We developed a Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming (MINLP) based model for selection of optimal air pollution control strategy. The model considers multiple pollutants, multiple emission sources and multiple control equipments. Constraints like budget and efficiency of control equipment are included in the model. Affect of emission norms on total cost is discussed. The efficacy of the proposed model is explained by considering simulation case studies of a typical cement plant and a thermal power plant.
Keywords: sustainable development, economic cost, environmental cost, mixed integer non linear programming, optimization.
Presentation by Vlatka Matkovic at the OpenDataDay event 'Towards Clean Air with Open Data'. The event took place at BeCentral in Brussels on Saturday 3 March 2018.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
ANALYSIS OF EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF NM-DIESEL BLEND ON VCR DIESEL ENGINEijmech
The consumption of fuel is increasing resulting in pollution of environment with smoke and NOx due to the
development in automobile and power sector. These emission contents smoke and NOx can be reduced by
adding additives with diesel fuel. As these additives are very costly and hence becomes unviable. These
additives decrease the performance of combustion.
Oxygenated compounds are most widely used among additives. The reason for this is the participation of
their oxygen in reactions leading to better combustion and hence lowering the emission contents the
molecular structure of the oxygen contents of additives directly influence on smoke reduction and the
oxygen concentration of the fuel flame also effects the emission specially Nitro paraffin compound
additives have high oxygen contents is then molecular structure. So we considered as oxygenated
additives.
We have used nitro methane (NM) (2%) as an additives with diesel while analyzing the emission
characteristic on VCR Engine
air quality assessment and its relation to potential health impactsUTKARSH YADAV
The presentation aims at studying the quality of air in delhi and doing a correlative study between the quality of air and various health impacts that occur . also a study of increase in pattern of patients in hospitals due to various respiratory diseases .
various pollutants of the air are studied for this and also the sources and for sample few regions were selected in delhi , also a sesonal variation is studied due to air pollution.
Further functions like household production function and demand function indicating an impact on household due to pollution .
a data sample was collected and an econometric and graphical analysis is also done
Many studies have shown that the increased atmospheric concentration of pollutants has an intensified health risk on lung-, heart- and cardiovascular disease sufferers, as well as the increasing willingness of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the monitoring of the air pollutants is particularly important. The goal of the recent study was to show a complex picture about Veszprém county’s air quality situation and to discover the relationships between the selected air pollutants (PM10, CO, NO2, SO2, O3) concentration and the picked health diseases (cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic lower respiratory diseases). Ambient air pollution and hospital admission data for the research were obtained for 2005–2013. According to the calculations; it was found that there was a moderate relation between the air pollutants concentrations and the health diseases.
Analysis of fuel consumption and oxides of nitrogen using oxygen enriched air...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of fuel consumption and oxides of nitrogen using oxygen enriched air...eSAT Journals
Abstract Pollution is one major factor which affects the environment nowadays, resulting in green house effect and global warming. Suitable methods are introduced to increase the engine fuel economy and bring down the emissions within the tolerable limit. One way of doing it is by inducting oxygen into the combustion chamber since oxygen is a combustion enhancer the amount of oxygen entering into the combustion chamber if increased it would result in better engine performance and lower emissions. Oxygen can be inducted in the intake stroke by the help of an external source and mixing chamber is provided so that it helps in better mixing of air and supplementary oxygen. This additional increase of air will affects all parameters of the engine like operating temperature, fuel consumption, Brake power, emissions, and heat release but only fuel consumption and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) alone is analyzed. Load test was conducted on a compression Ignition engine for various concentration of oxygen from (21% to 27%) with an interval of 2%. This experimental study shows better fuel economy and better brake specific fuel consumption but led to a very high percentage of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emission and lower carbon monoxide (CO), hydro carbon (HC) emission. Keywords: NOx emission, Fuel economy, Diesel engine, Oxygen enriched air.
To Reduce the Pollution from the Earth which is exhausted By Vehicles?IJERA Editor
1.1 Objectives
To reduce quantity of pollute gases from the atmosphere. Also reduced effect of the exhaust gases on human
being.To get some products which may use in different purposes.
1.2 Beneficiaries
For better environment near the cross roads.Also for society and world by reducing CO2.Get product was
economic and use for environment.
1.3 Value of result
We can use these on crossing roads in urban area.We can also use these at toll plaza on highway.We may also
use at that where daily traffic are very high. Also
for industrial purpose.
1.4 Unique selling point
“Stay comfort, because we steal your detriment”
Selection of optimal air pollution control strategieseSAT Journals
Abstract
Sustainable development needs social, economic, energy and environmental sustainability. We propose a model to minimize the total cost consisting of economic cost of pollution control equipment, health cost because of pollutants emissions. We developed a Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming (MINLP) based model for selection of optimal air pollution control strategy. The model considers multiple pollutants, multiple emission sources and multiple control equipments. Constraints like budget and efficiency of control equipment are included in the model. Affect of emission norms on total cost is discussed. The efficacy of the proposed model is explained by considering simulation case studies of a typical cement plant and a thermal power plant.
Keywords: sustainable development, economic cost, environmental cost, mixed integer non linear programming, optimization.
Presentation by Vlatka Matkovic at the OpenDataDay event 'Towards Clean Air with Open Data'. The event took place at BeCentral in Brussels on Saturday 3 March 2018.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
ANALYSIS OF EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF NM-DIESEL BLEND ON VCR DIESEL ENGINEijmech
The consumption of fuel is increasing resulting in pollution of environment with smoke and NOx due to the
development in automobile and power sector. These emission contents smoke and NOx can be reduced by
adding additives with diesel fuel. As these additives are very costly and hence becomes unviable. These
additives decrease the performance of combustion.
Oxygenated compounds are most widely used among additives. The reason for this is the participation of
their oxygen in reactions leading to better combustion and hence lowering the emission contents the
molecular structure of the oxygen contents of additives directly influence on smoke reduction and the
oxygen concentration of the fuel flame also effects the emission specially Nitro paraffin compound
additives have high oxygen contents is then molecular structure. So we considered as oxygenated
additives.
We have used nitro methane (NM) (2%) as an additives with diesel while analyzing the emission
characteristic on VCR Engine
air quality assessment and its relation to potential health impactsUTKARSH YADAV
The presentation aims at studying the quality of air in delhi and doing a correlative study between the quality of air and various health impacts that occur . also a study of increase in pattern of patients in hospitals due to various respiratory diseases .
various pollutants of the air are studied for this and also the sources and for sample few regions were selected in delhi , also a sesonal variation is studied due to air pollution.
Further functions like household production function and demand function indicating an impact on household due to pollution .
a data sample was collected and an econometric and graphical analysis is also done
Many studies have shown that the increased atmospheric concentration of pollutants has an intensified health risk on lung-, heart- and cardiovascular disease sufferers, as well as the increasing willingness of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the monitoring of the air pollutants is particularly important. The goal of the recent study was to show a complex picture about Veszprém county’s air quality situation and to discover the relationships between the selected air pollutants (PM10, CO, NO2, SO2, O3) concentration and the picked health diseases (cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic lower respiratory diseases). Ambient air pollution and hospital admission data for the research were obtained for 2005–2013. According to the calculations; it was found that there was a moderate relation between the air pollutants concentrations and the health diseases.
Analysis of fuel consumption and oxides of nitrogen using oxygen enriched air...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of fuel consumption and oxides of nitrogen using oxygen enriched air...eSAT Journals
Abstract Pollution is one major factor which affects the environment nowadays, resulting in green house effect and global warming. Suitable methods are introduced to increase the engine fuel economy and bring down the emissions within the tolerable limit. One way of doing it is by inducting oxygen into the combustion chamber since oxygen is a combustion enhancer the amount of oxygen entering into the combustion chamber if increased it would result in better engine performance and lower emissions. Oxygen can be inducted in the intake stroke by the help of an external source and mixing chamber is provided so that it helps in better mixing of air and supplementary oxygen. This additional increase of air will affects all parameters of the engine like operating temperature, fuel consumption, Brake power, emissions, and heat release but only fuel consumption and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) alone is analyzed. Load test was conducted on a compression Ignition engine for various concentration of oxygen from (21% to 27%) with an interval of 2%. This experimental study shows better fuel economy and better brake specific fuel consumption but led to a very high percentage of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emission and lower carbon monoxide (CO), hydro carbon (HC) emission. Keywords: NOx emission, Fuel economy, Diesel engine, Oxygen enriched air.
Applied Enterprise Semantic Mining -- Charlotte 201410Mark Tabladillo
Text mining is projected to dominate data mining, and the reasons are evident: we have more text available than numeric data. Microsoft introduced a new technology to SQL Server 2014 called Semantic Search. This session's detailed description and demos give you important information for the enterprise implementation of Tag Index and Document Similarity Index, and will also provide a comparison between what semantic search is and what Delve does. The demos include a web-based Silverlight application, and content documents from Wikipedia. We'll also look at strategy tips for how to best leverage the new semantic technology with existing Microsoft data mining.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Небольшой рассказ про то, как правильно готовить стажировки, зачем нужны летние школы и кто такие интерны, если это не сериал про врачей.
Горячие темы:
- Чего можно добиться от студента, если вывезти его в лес?
- Сколько нужно junior-ов, чтобы свести к нулю работу одного senior-а?
- Почему руководителю программы обучения должен жать руку Куклачёв?
Декабрь 2013, HappyDev, Омск.
PageMaker 7 to rozbudowana aplikacja do projektowania i składu publikacji. Umożliwia utworzenie i przygotowanie do druku zarówno prostej ulotki, jak i kilkusetstronicowej książki. Za jego pomocą można również opracować publikacje w postaci elektronicznej -- w formacie PDF lub HTML. Możliwości PageMakera pozwalają na kontrolowanie każdego etapu przygotowania publikacji -- od zdefiniowania układu strony, poprzez wprowadzanie i formatowanie tekstu i grafiki, aż po określenie parametrów druku lub eksportu.
"PageMaker 7. Oficjalny podręcznik" to przygotowany i zatwierdzony przez firmę Adobe (producenta PageMakera) zbiór ćwiczeń, dzięki którym opanujesz wszystkie możliwości tego programu. Polecani przez Adobe eksperci i nauczyciele przedstawią Ci techniki tworzenia ulotek, papierów firmowych, broszur i książek z wykorzystaniem zaawansowanych narzędzi PageMakera.
* Tworzenie ulotki z tekstem ułożonym w dwóch kolumnach
* Projektowanie publikacji opartej na szablonach
* Definiowanie parametrów projektu publikacji wielostronicowej
* Strony wzorcowe i style
* Wykonanie broszury z rozkładówką
* Formatowanie tekstu
* Przygotowanie pracy do druku -- definiowanie nadlewek i nadrukowań, tworzenie separacji barwnych
* Generowanie skorowidzów i spisów treści
* Tworzenie publikacji elektronicznych w formatach PDF i HTML
Rekomendowane przez firmę Adobe źródło wiedzy o PageMaker 7
Carbon monoxide Content of Exhaust Emissions from Agricultural Tractor Engine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims at contributing to the information buildup required for advocating the need for urgent reduction of environmental pollution by exhaust emissions from fossil fuel powered Engines in Nigeria. It was, concluded from the results obtained from the study that carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of agricultural tractors are approximately forty nine(49) times higher than the recommended maximum level of 0.5 % vol CO (v/v) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). FIAT 70-666 contributed the largest content of 2.9 % vol of CO (v/v) while MASSEY FERGUSSON MF 375 contributed the least amount of 1.7 % vol of CO(v/v). Only the engine capacity had significant effect on the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of the agricultural tractors; the model/make selection did not significantly affect the CO content of their exhaust emissions.
Air pollution is most important from the public health of view, because every individual person breaths approximately 22000 times a day, inhaling about 15 to 22 kg of air daily. The main pollutants contribute by automobile are carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. Pollutant removal from combustion gas in both SI&CI is one of the most widely known environmental applications of activated carbons. In order to guarantee the successful removal of contaminants and pollutants on activated carbons, the developments of new adsorbents has been increasing in the last few years. This paper is a systematic study of cleaning SI&CI engine of CO, SO2, NO2 Using activated carbon filter. The combustion gases were qualitative and quantitative analyzed by gas chromatography. The use of this simple method is a valuable alternative to meet emission standards in developing countries. It was demonstrated that the agricultural wastes studied here are a feasible alternative for reducing pollutants in SI & CI engine.
The increase in the number of motorcycles in Indian cities is due to several factors such as traffic, low cost, mobility, few parking lots and the low efficiency of public transportation, becoming an important factor in air quality deterioration. In this context, vehicle emissions monitoring is essential to understand the contribution to air pollution as a whole. . The development of models for air pollution assessment has been identified as an important area for future research. Air pollution due to massive use of motor vehicles in urban areas of India is one of the most serious and the fastest growing problem to solve. These motor vehicles emit significant quantities of CO2, CO, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, SPM and other toxic substances in the atmosphere which adversely affect the environmental and the health. The objective of this study is to understand the chemistry of air pollution with its precise estimation through modeling. The behavior and relation between emission and deposition of pollutants can explain with the help of air quality models. Modeling is a set of different scientific methods that are helpful to analyse the nature and behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere. On the basis of source of pollutant air quality models are classified as point, area or line source models. Various Gaussian based line source models are commonly used in India to assess the impact of vehicular pollution along the roads or highways. The CO pollutant concentration values were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and the CO values were predicted by using CALINE4 model. The possible association between CO pollutant concentration and traffic parameters like traffic flow, type of vehicle, and Roadway width was also evaluated.
Comparative Computational Modelling of CO2 Gas Emissions for Three Wheel Vehi...IJRES Journal
Quest for a greener environment and energy conservation has led a number of research studies to increase fuel economy and reduce emissions in developmental design of vehicles.This study illustrates how a vehicular body shape affects fuel consumption and gas emission. Solid models for two different tricycles were done and simulated using Solid works flow xpress, Mathematical models were applied to compare the rate of fuel consumption and gas emission between the simulated models. The result shows thatNASENI TC1 consumes less fuel and invariably emits less CO2 when compared with RFM 1.
A major part of the air pollution caused is due to the vehicular emission which is increasing at an alarming rate. The different types of vehicles like car, bus, truck etc. contribute a way as well as play a dominant duty in increasing air pollution. These vehicles find its running source mainly form the extracts of fossil fuels like petrol, diesel. The fuels undergo combustion to generate energy so as to support the vehicle for duty. The incomplete combustion of the fuels in the engine paves a way for production of products like the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matters. A high emission level is therefore a proved result. For the purpose of forcing the fuel to have efficient combustion and for reduction of the emission levels for reducing air pollution a wide range of processes are applicable. These include improvising engine design, fuel pre-treatment etc. Among these wide ranges of options available catalytic converter is found to be a better way for establishing an efficient combustion in the controller engine of the vehicle. Usage of noble group metal is an effective way for effective combustion like the platinum group metal serves way good for reducing the exhausts. With the help of secondary measures efficiency of the engine is improved as well. The techniques are still under development as because there are some limitations of the catalytic converters which are needed to be dealt with but the application of this technique has better achievement points as well.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WI...IAEME Publication
In the context of exhaustion of fossil fuels day by day due to heavy demand with the use of agriculture sector and transport sector, escalation of fuel prices in International Oil Market causing huge economic burden on developing countries like India and rise of pollution levels with fossil fuel, the conservation of fossil fuels has become pertinent. Gaseous fuels have many merits over liquid fuels, as the pollutants emitted by gaseous fuels are low due to clean combustion, high calorific value in comparison with liquid fuels. Vegetable oils are good substitutes for diesel, as they are renewable, comparable calorific value and cetane (measure of combustion quality) number when compared with neat diesel operation. However, the disadvantages associated with vegetable oils such as high viscosity and low volatility cause combustion problems in diesel engines. They can be rectified to some extent by converting them into biodiesel. They are many methods to induct gaseous fuels such as port injection, carburetion technique, injection of gaseous fuel at the near end of compression stroke etc. Investigations were carried out with Acetylene gas as primary fuel inducted by port injection and diesel was injected into the engine in conventional manner. Particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon mono oxide (CO) levels and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. They cause health hazards, once they are inhaled in. They also cause environmental effects like Green-house effect and Global Warming. Hence control of these emissions is an immediate effect and an urgent step. The pollutants of PM, NOx, CO and UBHC were determined at full load operation of the engine with varied injection pressure and compared with diesel operation on conventional engine. The maximum induction of Acetylene gas was 35% of total mass of diesel as full load operation. Particulate emissions were determined by AVL Smoke meter, while other emissions were measured by Netel Chromatograph multi-gas analyzer at full load operation. These pollutants were drastically reduced with induction of Acetylene gas and further reduced with an increase of injection pressure.
Performance analysis of ic engine using air energizereSAT Journals
Abstract In normal circumstances, due to incomplete combustion, 30% of the fuel remains unburnt and is emitted in the form of black smoke, causing air pollution. Moreover, the carbon originating from incomplete fuel combustions, settles on the spark plug and on the engine piston, thus diminishing the compression capacity of the piston and increasing the friction factor. This rate of carbon deposition increases especially in city driving, as the engine works much of the time at part throttle. Excess carbon decreases the compression ratio of the engine which ultimately robs the engine of its power, due to acute knocking or detonation. The above problem can be reduced to some extent by making use of paramagnetic property of oxygen present in the incoming air i.e. by passing the air through external magnetic field. Keywords: Air Energizer, Magnet, IC engine;
Performance analysis of ic engine using air energizerLaukik Raut
In normal circumstances, due to incomplete combustion, 30% of the fuel remains unburnt and is emitted in the form of black
smoke, causing air pollution. Moreover, the carbon originating from incomplete fuel combustions, settles on the spark plug and
on the engine piston, thus diminishing the compression capacity of the piston and increasing the friction factor. This rate of
carbon deposition increases especially in city driving, as the engine works much of the time at part throttle. Excess carbon
decreases the compression ratio of the engine which ultimately robs the engine of its power, due to acute knocking or detonation.
The above problem can be reduced to some extent by making use of paramagnetic property of oxygen present in the incoming air
i.e. by passing the air through external magnetic field
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
De-mystifying Zero to One: Design Informed Techniques for Greenfield Innovati...
U04506116118
1. Sarin K Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.116-118
www.ijera.com 116 | P a g e
Measurement and Control of Emission in Two Wheelers
Sarin K Kumar, Gaurav Saxena
Research scholar (M.tech Automobile RJITBSF Academy Tekanpur Gwalior M.P.)
Asst. Prof. (RJITBSF Academy Tekanpur Gwalior M.P.)
ABSTRACT
Vehicle emissions are a significant contributor to ambient pollution, especially in urban areas. In general,
developing countries experience higher levels of traffic-related pollution compared to developed countries due
to the lack of pollution control measures. Since numerous studies document adverse health effects from vehicle
emission exposure, there is a need of developing some measures for the control of exhaust and non –exhaust
emissions produced by the two wheelers. In four wheeler vehicles many measures are taken to reduce the
exhaust and non –exhaust emission. In my thesis work I worked to understand those steps which can be
implemented with the two wheelers for to reduce the formation of emission like CO, HC, NOX, and CO2.
I. Introduction
Vehicle emissions represent a serious
environmental health problem, which is expected to
increase in significance as vehicle ownership
increases globally. The United Nations estimates that
over 600 million people worldwide are exposed to
hazardous levels of traffic-generated pollutants
(1989). Some of the worst pollutants, and those that
are closely monitored in the United States, are
nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide,
lead, and particulate matter. According to the
Environmental Protection Agency, vehicles account
for 51% of carbon monoxide, 34% of nitrogen oxides
and 10% of particulate matter released each year in
the US. Clearly, vehicle emissions are a major source
of ambient air pollution that must be controlled if air
quality is going to be maintained. Many studies have
documented adverse health effects associated with
high concentrations of transport-related pollutants.
Nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides, for example, are
associated with immune system impairment,
exacerbation of asthma and chronic respiratory
diseases, reduced lung function, and cardiovascular
disease. Exposure to carbon monoxide can result in
fatigue, headaches, dizziness, loss of consciousness,
and even death at very high concentrations.
Particulates are especially dangerous because they
have been implicated in the development of lung
cancer and higher rates of mortality. Lead is similarly
dangerous as poisoning causes irreversible
neurobehavioral consequences, such as decreased IQ
and attention deficits, and death at high levels of
poisoning. In addition to these pollutants, vehicle
emissions contain volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), a class of petroleum combustion by-
products which includes many known and probable
to carcinogens and reproductive toxicants. VOCs are
also hazardous because they can react with sunlight
to form ozone, which exacerbates asthma and has
other adverse respiratory effects
II. Previous research
Many researches are made in this field to understand
the rate of emission ejected by the two wheelers.
Giorgio Zamboni et al (2013) [1], this experimental
and theoretical investigation is being performed to
evaluate exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of
Heavy Duty Vehicles. ChauThuy Pham et al (2013)
[2], they determined eleven PAHs and four NPAHs
in particulates and regulated pollutants (CO, CO2,
HC, NOx, PM) exhausted from motorcycles to figure
out the characteristics of motorcycle exhausts.
Fluorantheneand pyrene accounted for more than
50% of the total detected PAHs. Murugesan
Venkatapathi (2012) [3], they altered spontaneous
emission of an emitter near an arbitrary body can be
elucidated using an energy balance of the
electromagnetic field. From a classical point of view
it is trivial to show that the field scattered back from
anybody should alter the emission of the source.
Maria V. Prati et al (2011) [4],Regulated pollutant
emissions and fuel consumption were characterized
at the exhaust of two Euro 3 4-stroke medium-size
motorcycles during the execution of both standard
and real world driving cycles. K.S. Nesamani (2010)
[5], Rapid, but unplanned urban development and the
consequent urban sprawl coupled with economic
growth have aggravated auto dependency in India
over the last two decades. This has resulted in
congestion and pollution in cities.
III. Related works
Vehicle emissions control is the study of
reducing the motor vehicle emissions -- emissions
produced by motor vehicles, especially internal
combustion engines.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Sarin K Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.116-118
www.ijera.com 117 | P a g e
Emissions of many air pollutants have been
shown to have variety of negative effectson public
health and the natural environment.
IV. Experimentation and methodology
The methodology followed in this work is to
understand the method used to control the pollution
or emission produced by the 2- wheelers. The main
objective of this work is to reduce the emission by
the use of catalytic converter with the tail pipe of the
motor bike. Control of non-exhaust emissions like
(1) Fuel tank- The fuel tank emits fuel vapours into
the atmosphere.
(2) Carburetor- The Carburetor also gives out fuel
vapours
(3) Crankcase- It emits blow –by gases and fuel
vapours into the atmosphere
V. Result
For to find out the result for my work I
compared the exhaust for both normal and catalytic
converter fitted motor bike by petrol gas analyzer.
Before installing the catalytic converter with
the motor bike I perform a pollution test with the help
of a petrol gas analyzer system and the result that I
found during the test are as follows
FUEL
Measured
Level of CO
Measured
Level of HC
PETROL 0.207 0.022
For understand more clearly we can see
these values with the help of the tables.
After installing the catalytic converter with
same motor bike I perform a same test to find the
new values.
FUEL
Measured
Level of CO
Measured
Level of HC
PETROL 0.101 0.011
For understand more clearly we can see
these values with the help of the tables.
After finding out the values from both of the
test I compare all the values which gives me the
result for my work.The comparison of my data are as
follows:-
From above table we can clearly see that the
changes in the control of emission rejection through
an motor bike bye the use of catalytic converter. The
rejection of emissions becomes lower.
VI. Acknowledgement
The authors express their deepest gratitude
to the Department of Automobile Engineering of
Rustamji Institute of Technology BSF Academy
Tekanpur, Gwalior for providing their full-fledged
support to accomplish this research work.
References
[1] Giorgio Zamboni et al (2013), “Assessment
of heavy-duty vehicle activities, fuel
consumption and exhaust emissions in port
areas”, Applied Energy, Vol.111, pp. 921-
929.
[2] ChauThuy Pham et al (2013), “Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic
aromatichydrocarbons in particulates
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Measured Level
of CO
Measured Level
of HC
PETROL
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Measured
Level of CO
Measured
Level of HC
PETROL
PETROL
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Measured Level
of CO
Measured Level
of HC
PETROL
3. Sarin K Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.116-118
www.ijera.com 118 | P a g e
emitted by motorcycles”,Environmental
Pollution, Vol.183, pp. 175-183.
[3] StephaneEspie et al (2013), “Data collection
and processing tools for naturalistic study of
powered two-wheelers users’ behaviours”,
Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol.58,
pp. 330-339.
[4] MurugesanVenkatapathi (2012), “Emitter
near an arbitrary body: Purcell effect,
optical theorem and the Wheeler–Feynman
absorber”, General of Quantitative
Spectroscopy &Radiative Transfer, Vol.113,
pp. 1705-1711.
[5] Maria V. Prati et al (2011), “Influence of
driving cycles on Euro 3 scooter emissions
and fuel consumption”, Energy Conversion
and Management, Vol.52, pp. 3327-3336.
[6] K.S. Nesamani (2010), “Estimation of
automobile emissions and control strategies
in India”, Science of the Total Environment,
Vol.408, pp. 1800-1811.
[7] Pasquale Spezzano et al (2009), “Gas- and
particle-phase distribution of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in two-stroke, 50-
cm3 moped emissions”, Atmospheric
Environment, Vol.43, pp. 539-545.
[8] Clare L.S. Wiseman and FathiZereini
(2009), “Airborne particulate matter,
platinum group elements and human health:
A review of recent evidence”,Science of the
Total Environment, Vol.407, pp. 2493-2500.
[9] Pasquale Spezzano et al (2008), “Particle-
and gas-phase emissions of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons from two-stroke, 50-
cm3 mopeds”, Atmospheric Environment,
Vol.42, pp. 4332-4344.
[10] Claudia Colombo et al (2008), “The
estimation of the bio availabilities of
platinum, palladium and rhodium in vehicle
exhaust catalysts and road dusts using a
physiologically based extraction test”,
Science of the Total Environment, Vol.389,
pp. 46-51.