This document discusses critical hazard management in laboratories. It begins by defining hazards and explaining that hazard management involves identifying, assessing, and controlling risks. It identifies 8 critical risk factors like flammable liquids and gases. Controls involve fuel, oxygen, and energy controls. Prevention plans must describe work and required controls. The hazard management procedure involves identifying hazards, risk assessment using a 5 step process, controlling hazards using a hierarchy, and evaluating and reviewing the system. Record keeping is also important.

1. Critical Hazard Management
System
Jacob Thon Bior
M.Pharm

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Critical risk factors
• Controls
• Hazard management procedure
• Conclusion
• References.

3. Introduction
• Hazard” means an activity, arrangement, circumstance, event,
occurrence, phenomenon, process, situation or substance (whether
arising or caused within or outside a place of work ) that is an actual
or potential cause or source of harm.
• Hazard management is essentially a problem-solving process aimed
at defining (identifying hazards), gathering information about them
(assessing the risks) and solving them (controlling the risks).

4. 8 Critical Risk Factors:
• Liquid hydrocarbons, flammable liquids, lower the energy required for ignition.
• H2S lowers the LEL and creates pyrophoric iron sulphides.
• Oil based work over fluids can absorb oxygen.
• Mixing chemicals can have unforeseen impacts.
• High pressure and temperatures can cause auto- ignition.
• Rapid pressure or temperatures changes can trigger explosive events.
• Flowing explosive mixtures into closed systems brings the ingredients together
and allows pressure to rise quickly.
• Pre-existing trapped air can complicate safe operations.

5. Controls
• Fuel controls: purging, proper containment, and alternative fluid
selection.
• Oxygen controls: isolation equipment, warning systems, proper
storage of chemicals knowledge of LEL.
• Energy controls: reduction of voltage, pressure, temperature,
agitation use of water mists.
• It is more difficult to control energy sources than it is to control
fuel/oxygen sources.

6. PREVENTION PLANS
Focus on operations that require special attention:
• Oxygen sources are purposely added to a system, particularly where high pressure or
flammable fluids/hydrocarbon liquids are present.
• Oxygen could inadvertently enter a closed system.
• Ignition sources are introduced into hazardous areas.
Plans must:
• Describe the work to be conducted.
• List fuel, oxygen and energy sources that may be in the system.
• List required controls based on the components identified.
• Confirm that workers are trained on relevant hazards, site-specific prevention plans and
emergency procedures.

7. Hazard management procedure:

8. 1. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDs:
• Within the lab there would be many possible hazards.
So these would need to be quickly identified before they can cause harm to
anyone.
Firstly you would need to know what can be classed as hazardous before
identifying hazards.
Look around for any chemicals that may cause harm and any equipment that may
be faulty or be in a place where it could get in someone`s way.
You would also have to think about any long term hazards there may be.

9. What are the general hazards in a laboratory?
• Fire
• Breakage of glassware
• Sharps
• Spillages
• Pressure equipment & gas cylinders
• Extremes of heat & cold
• Chemical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Radiation.

10. 2. RISK ASSESMENT
• A risk assessment is simply a careful examination of what, in your work, could
cause harm to people, so that you can weigh up whether you have taken
sufficient precautions or should do more to prevent harm.
• It is a away of determining risks and dangers in work places.
• Risk assessments include analyzing the possible hazard that could occur within a
workplace and finding a solution in a safe manner. This avoiding injury to an
individuals and damage to property.
• If the hazard cannot be avoid in a safe way, then the risk assessment will say that
the activity should not be carried out.

11. Why do we have risk assessments?
• They are needed to assess any danger that people could be put in when they are
in the lab.
• Risk assessments are needed so that the risks of danger happening within the lab
is reduced and eliminated.
• They are in order to protect people within the lab, not only the person carrying
out the practical's but others around.
• They help to set out guidelines to what you should and shouldn't do within a lab
for safety.

12. What should a risk assessment cover
• A risk assessment must include the possible dangers that could occur
in the laboratory.
• The risk assessment should include guidelines for protecting people.

13. How does a risk assessment work?
• Each laboratory would have their own forms of risk assessments so there isn't set
guidelines on how the risk assessment should be carried out.
• Before a risk assessment is produce the difference between a risk and a hazard
must be known.
• Hazard:- anything that can cause harm, electricity, hazardous substances and
noise are potential hazards.
• Risk:- ‘The likelihood that damage, loss or injury will be caused by a hazard and
how severe the outcome may be’.

14. • When carrying out a risk assessment there are 5 recommended guidelines.
1. Identifying the Hazard
2. Decide who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide on the precautions
4. Record your findings and put them into place
5. Review you risk assessment and make amendments if needed.

15. 3. HAZARD CONTROL
• It is not enough to just find and rate the hazards. After founding the hazard it is
important to eliminate or control the hazard before injury or illness of people due to
hazard.
• The hierarchy of control is used to remove or reduce hazards and risks and should be
used during a risk assessment. The idea is that you start by choosing methods from the
top of the list and work your way down if required
 Eliminate
Reduce
Isolate
Control
Personal protective equipment
discipline

17. 1. Elimination:-
• Elimination physically removing the hazard is the most effective hazard control.
• For example if employees must work high above the ground, the hazard can be
eliminated by moving the piece they are working on to ground level to eliminate
the need to work at heights.
2. Sublimation :-
• Sublimation is the second most effective hazard control, involves replacing
something that produces a hazard (similar to elimination) with something that
does not produce a hazard.

18. 3. Engineering controls:-
• The third most effective means of controlling hazard is engineered controls.
• These do not eliminate hazard, but rather isolate people from hazards.
• For example, a crew might build a work platform rather than purchase, replace,
and maintain fall.
4. Administrative controls:-
• Administrative controls are changes to the way people work.
• Examples of administrative controls include procedure changes, employee
training and installation of signs and warning labels (such as those in the
workplace hazardous materials information system). Administrative controls do
not remove hazards, but limit or prevent peoples exposure to the hazards, such
as completing road.

19. 5.Personal protective equipment
• Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes gloves, name/uniform, respirators,
hardhats, safety glasses, high visibility clothing and safety footwear. PPE is the
least effective means of controlling hazards because of the high potential for
damage to render.

20. 4. EVALUATE MONITOR & REVIEW
• It is important to know if your risk assessment was complete and accurate. It is
also essential to be sure that changes in the workplace have not introduced new
hazards that were once ranked as lower priority to a higher priority.
• Monitoring progress and evaluating results are key functions to improve the
performance of those responsible for implementing hazard management.
• M&E show whether a service/program is accomplishing its goals. It identifies
program weaknesses and strengths, areas of the program that need revision, and
areas of the program that meet or exceed expectations.
• To do this, analysis of any or all of a programs domains is required.

21. Monitoring versus evaluation
monitoring Evaluation
A planned, systemic process of
observation that closely
follows a course of activities,
and compares of what is
happening with what is
expected to happen.
A process that assesses an
achievement against preset
criteria. Has a variety of
purposes, and follow distinct
methodologies (processes,
outcome, performances etc.)

22. Evaluation can focus on
• Projects
Normally consist of a set of activities undertaken to achieve specific objectives within a
given budget and time period.
• Programs
Are organized sets of projects or services concerned with a particular sector or
geographic region.
• Services
Are based on a permanent structure, and have the goal of becoming, national in
coverage, ex- Health services whereas programs are usually limited in time or area.
• Conditions
Are particular characteristics or states of being of persons or things ( e.g. disease,
literacy, income level).

23. Guidelines for evaluation (FIVE phases)
1. Planning the evaluation
2. Selecting appropriate evaluation methods
3. Collecting and analysis information
4. Reporting findings
5. Implementing evaluation recommendations.

24. Role of emergency services
• The emergency control organization is responsible for:
Implementing emergency procedures as prescribed in the emergency plan &
procedures.
Ensuring that all personnel within there area of responsibility are trained for their
role in an emergency.
Reporting any matters likely to affect the viability of the emergency plan &
procedures.
Checking on the effectiveness of emergency systems and equipment.

25. Keep Records
• Keeping records of your assessment and any control actions taken is very
important. You may be required to store assessments for a specific numbers of
years.
• Check for local requirements in your jurisdiction. the level of documentation or
record keeping will depend on:
• Level of risk involved.
• Legislated requirements.
• Requirements of any management systems that may be in place.

26. Your records should show that you:
• Conducted a good hazard review.
• Determined the risks of those hazards.
• Implemented control measures suitable for the risk.
• Reviewed and monitored all hazards in the workplace.

27. Conclusion
• Hazard management is the process which improves worker safety by providing
measures to reduce fatalities and injuries to workers in the field of transportation
construction and maintenance tasks etc. by help of these procedures or steps we
can easily identified hazards and control the risk of harm.

28. References
• Hazard analysis techniques for system safety by Wiley. second edition.
• Osha guidelines.
• http://www.cenovus.com /contractor/docs/health-safety-practice/fire-and-
explosion-hazard-management-practice.pdf
• National science foundation. Water quality index 2004.
• http:/www.slideshare. Risk management process.

29. THANK YOU