Introduction to Risk assessment and management. What is risk assessment and management? How to evaluate risk and how to analyze risk? What is the necessity of risk assessment and management? What are the basic steps for risk assessment and management?
Introduction to Risk assessment and management. What is risk assessment and management? How to evaluate risk and how to analyze risk? What is the necessity of risk assessment and management? What are the basic steps for risk assessment and management?
The health and safety in the workplace are designed to create the awareness of key health and safety issues found in the workplace as well as the role you will play in ensuring yours as well as other’s safety. The program offers the skills and knowledge required to start a career in the field of health and safety.
A presentation for training Safety Committees and others with accident prevention duties. This format replaces the "checklist inspection" with a method that stresses "what can happen" - a job analysis approach to safety audits.
The health and safety in the workplace are designed to create the awareness of key health and safety issues found in the workplace as well as the role you will play in ensuring yours as well as other’s safety. The program offers the skills and knowledge required to start a career in the field of health and safety.
A presentation for training Safety Committees and others with accident prevention duties. This format replaces the "checklist inspection" with a method that stresses "what can happen" - a job analysis approach to safety audits.
crocodiles are the only reptiles having 4 chambered heart,flattened tail and body covered with scutes.hind limb is webbed and in this ppt you can discover all the facts about crocodile..hope you can enjoy
Risk management is the process of identifying, quantifying and ranking risks and their associated losses, and developing cost effective management strategies to eliminate or control the risks.
Various steps of risk assessment. md. anwar ibrahim mirazMDAnwarIbrahimMiraz
The aim of the risk assessment process is to evaluate hazards, then remove that hazard or minimize the level of its risk by adding control measures, as necessary. By doing so, you have created a safer and healthier workplace.
In the present world of high Risk and unknown threats it is necessary for Security Manager to look for all Risk related to the site. His prime responsibility is to view the threat in all perspective and ensure preventive measure are in place with continual improvement. He should follow the PDCA cycle i.e.Plan ,do ,Check and Act on regular basis. The team should consult and discuss the total risk on regular interval with discussion on all issues related to security.this will ensure proper system in place to cater total security to personnel.
Discover how you should be running you Health and Safety incident investigations. This best practice guide covers the key elements of effective investigations into accidents and incidents that occur at work.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
4. Introduction
Why is it important to carry out a risk assessment???
Legal reasons
• Carrying out a risk assessment, preparing a safety statement
and health management system, they are required by law.
• Health and Safety Authority inspectors visiting workplaces
will want to know how employers are managing safety and
health. If they investigate an accident, they will scrutinize the
risk assessment and safety statement, and the procedures and
work practices in use.
5. Introduction
Moral and ethical reasons
• The process of carrying out a risk assessment, preparing a
safety statement and implementing what you have written
down will help employers prevent injuries and ill-health at
work. Employers are ethically bound to do all they can to
ensure that employees do not suffer illness, a serious accident
or death.
Financial reasons
• There is considerable evidence, borne out by companies’
practical experiences, that effective safety and health
management in the workplace contributes to business success.
6. Risk Assessment
• A Risk Assessment is a systematic method of looking
at work activities, considering what could go wrong,
and deciding on suitable control measures to prevent
loss, damage or injury in the workplace.
• The Assessment should include the controls required
to eliminate, reduce or minimize the risks.
7. Objectives of Risk Assessment
• Risk Assessments are the fundamental requirement
for business. If we don’t know, or appreciate where
the risks are, we are putting our self, our employees,
our customers and our organization in danger.
• The aim should always be to reduce the risks as much
as is 'reasonably practicable'.
8. Objectives of Risk Assessment
• Risk Assessment should be Systematic
• It should follow a defined and logical methodology.
• It should systematically lead to evidence based
conclusions.
9. Five Steps of Risks Assessment
• Step 1: Identify hazards, i.e. anything that may cause harm.
• Step 2: Decide who may be harmed, and how.
• Step 3: Assess the risks and take action.
• Step 4: Make a record of the findings.
• Step 5: Review the risk assessment.
10. Step 1: Identify hazards, i.e. anything that may
cause harm
Employers have a duty to assess the health and safety
risks faced by their workers. Your employer must
systematically check for possible physical, mental,
chemical and biological hazards.
11. Step 1
This is one common classification of hazards which
include:
Physical: e.g. lifting, awkward postures, slips and trips,
noise, dust, machinery, computer equipment, etc.
Mental: e.g. excess workload, long hours, working
with high-need clients, bullying, etc. These are also
called 'psychosocial' hazards, affecting mental health
and occurring within working relationships.
Chemical: e.g. asbestos, cleaning fluids, aerosols, etc.
Biological: Including tuberculosis, hepatitis and other
infectious diseases faced by healthcare workers.
12. Step 2: Decide who may be harmed, and how.
Identifying who is at risk starts with your organization's
own full and part-time employees. Employers must also
assess risks faced by agency and contract staff, visitors,
clients and other members of the public on their
premises.
13. Step 2
Employers must review work routines where
their staff are employed. For example:
• In a supermarket, hazards are found in the repetitive
tasks at the checkout, in lifting loads, and in slips and
trips from spillages and hurdles in the shop and
storerooms.
14. Step 3: Assess the risks and take action.
• This means employers must consider how likely it is
that each hazard could cause harm. This will
determine whether or not your employer should
reduce the level of risk.
• Even after all precautions have been taken, some risk
usually remains. Employers must decide for each
remaining hazard whether the risk remains high,
medium or low.
15. Step 4: Make a record of the findings
• Employers required to record in written form.
• This record should include details of any hazards
noted in the risk assessment, and action taken to
reduce or eliminate risk,
• That record will be used as the basis for a later review
of working practices.
16. Step 5: Review the risk assessment
• A risk assessment must be kept under review in order
to ensure that agreed safe working practices continue
to be applied and take account of any new working
practices, new machinery or more demanding work
targets.
17. Ranking
How do we rank or prioritize the risks?
Ranking or prioritizing hazards is one way to help
determine
• Which hazard is the most serious
And
• Which hazard to control first.
By assigning a priority to the hazards, we are creating a
ranking or an action list.
18. Ranking
The following factors play an important role:
• Percentage of workforce exposed.
• Frequency of exposure.
• Degree of harm likely to result from the exposure
• Probability of occurrence.
19. Table: Example of Risk Assessment
Hazard
Drivers work alone
Drivers have to
occasionally work long
hours
Drivers are often in very
congested traffic
Drivers have to lift boxes
when delivering product
Risk
May be unable to call for
help if needed
Fatigue, short rest time
between shifts
Increased chance of
collision
Longer working hours
Injury to back from lifting,
reaching, carrying, etc.
Task
Delivering
product to
customers
25. Conclusion
• Utilizing the results of this risk assessment, we will
begin the next steps in the Risk Reduction planning
process. This will start with the development of
strategies and policies to mitigate risks, followed by
the preparation and implementation of a risk
reduction plan.
• After implementation, we will monitor, evaluate and
modify the plan as necessary.