This document discusses fire and explosion hazard management. It describes the fire triangle, which states that fire needs fuel, oxygen and an ignition source. It also discusses 8 critical risk factors that can lower ignition energy or expand flammable ranges. The document outlines controls like purging or containment of fuels, isolation of oxygen sources, and reducing energy levels. It recommends prevention plans for operations using oxygen or introducing ignition sources. The fire and explosion hazard management process involves identifying hazards, assessing risks, controlling risks, evaluating controls, and keeping records. Corporations, supervisors and workers all have roles in training, hazard identification and challenging unsafe work.

1. Fire and explosion
Critical hazard management system
Presenter:
Amruta Balekundri
M.Pharm 2ndsemester,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Quality Assurance,
KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi. 1

2. Contents
• Introduction
• IRP
• Fire triangle
• Critical risk factors
• Controls
• Fire & Explosion hazard management
• Hazard Management Procedure
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3. Introduction
• Hazard" means an activity, arrangement, circumstance, event,
occurrence, phenomenon, process, situation, or substance
(whether arising or caused within or outside a place of work)
that is an actual or potential cause or source of harm.
• Hazard management is essentially a problem-solving process
aimed at defining problems (identifying hazards), gathering
information about them (assessing the risks) and solving them
(controlling the risks).
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4. IRP
IRP — Incidence Response Plan
IRP 18 Fire and Explosion Hazard Management
(2006).By energy safety Canada.
The purpose of this Guideline is to improve worker
safety by providing industry with:
• A more thorough understanding of fire and explosion
hazards.
• A process for identifying such hazards.
• An effective methods for managing these hazards.
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5. IRP rationale
• A “one size fits all” solution does not exist.
• Site-specific strategies are needed.
• Improved training and awareness are required.
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6. How Does IRP 18 Serve Industry?
• Provides a framework for the implementation of FEHM
plans and procedures required to satisfy EUB Directive 033.
• Provides discussion of the Fire Triangle & Critical Risk.
• Factors to improve office and field hazard assessments.
• Outlines the roles and responsibilities for workers and
organizations in managing F&E hazards.
• Stipulates training guidelines to help protect all Industry
workers from F&E hazards.
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7. Fire Triangle:
Theorem from fire fighting that states that for
fires and explosions to propagate, they must
have access to a fuel, an oxygen source, and
sufficient energy.
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8. Expanded Fire Triangle
Fuels & Hydrocarbons
Heavy and light gases, hydrocarbon
liquids and vapors, chemicals /
lubricants/solvents,
frac oils, flammable materials
Oxygen & Air
Planned introduction of air,
inadvertent introduction
of oxygen, release of
hydrocarbons into air,
weathered fluids,
oxidizers
Energy & Ignition
Heat, electricity, static,
friction, chemical reactions,
spontaneous combustion,
dieseling, pyrophors,
sudden decompression,
catalytic reactions
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9. 8 Critical Risk Factors:
• Liquid hydrocarbons, flammable liquids, lower the energy
required for ignition.
• H2S lowers the LEL and creates pyrophoric iron sulphides.
• Oil-based work over fluids can absorb oxygen.
• Mixing chemicals can have unforeseen impacts.
• High pressures and temperatures can cause auto-ignition.
• Rapid pressure or temperature changes can trigger explosive
events.
• Flowing explosive mixtures into closed systems brings the
ingredients together and allows pressure to rise quickly.
• Pre-existing trapped air can complicate safe operations.
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10. Controls
• Fuel controls: purging, proper containment, and
alternative fluid selection.
• Oxygen controls: isolation equipment, warning
systems, proper storage of chemicals, knowledge of
LEL
• Energy controls: reduction of voltage, pressure,
temperature, agitation; use of water mists
• It is more difficult to control energy sources than it
is to control fuel/oxygen sources.
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11. PREVENTION PLANS
Focus on operations that require special attention:
• Oxygen sources are purposely added to a system, particularly where
high pressure or flammable fluids/hydrocarbon liquids are present.
• Oxygen could inadvertently enter a closed system.
• Ignition sources are introduced into hazardous areas.
Plans must:
• Describe the work to be conducted.
• List fuel, oxygen, and energy sources that may be in the system.
• List required controls based on the components identified.
• Confirm that workers are trained on relevant hazards, site-specific
prevention plans, and emergency procedures.
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12. FEHM – Fire & Explosion hazard management
• Fire and Explosion Hazard Management (FEHM) means
actions, procedures, and policies used by organizations and
individuals to prevent the occurrence of and or limit the
explosion to unplanned fires and Explosions in wellbores or
associated equipment.
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13. FEHM Process Stages
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14. Corporate Roles
• Raise awareness of this IRP.
• Train personnel in FEHM to IRP 18 requirements.
• Establish and implement a FEHM process.
• Assess competency and ensure compliance.
• Support those who ID unsafe work.
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15. Supervisor Roles
• Complete Fire & Explosion Training; ensure co-
workers have done the same.
• Implement Hazard ID and controls.
• Challenge those not working safely.
• Encourage reporting of unsafe work.
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16. Worker Roles
• Complete Fire & Explosion Training.
• Carry out Fire & Explosion Prevention Plans,
Procedures, and Controls.
• Report Fire & Explosion Hazards.
• Assist inexperienced co-workers.
• Challenge those not working safely.
• Report unsafe work.
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17. Training Requirements
1.Basic-level training: (workers)
๏ Expanded Fire Triangle and Critical Risk Factors
๏ Controls
๏ Communications
2.Advanced: (designers, supervisors and management)
๏ Additional detail on fuels, oxygen sources, energy sources
๏ F&E Prevention Plan Development
๏ Management of Change
3.Corporations may train staff internally, via ENFORM,
or with the assistance of knowledgeable third-parties
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18. Hazard Management Procedure:
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19. 1.IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS:
This is the fundamental step in hazard management.
SOME WAYS OF IDENTIFYING HAZARDS:
• workplace inspection
• incident reporting
• register of injuries
• consultation with employees
• feedback from employees.
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20. 2.RISK ASSESMENT
When you have identified the hazards, you need to assess the
risk created by each hazard. The risk is the likelihood that the
hazard will cause injury, illness or disease in the way that it is
used or occurs in the workplace, and the severity of the injury,
illness or disease that may result.
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21. 3.HAZARD CONTROL
• It is not enough to just find and rate the hazards. After
founding the hazard it is important to eliminate or control the
hazard before the injury or illness of people due to hazard.
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23. 4.EVALUVATE , MONITOR & REVIEW
It is important to know if your risk assessment was
complete and accurate. It is also essential to be sure
that changes in the workplace have not introduced
new hazards or changed hazards that were once
ranked as lower priority to a higher priority.
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24. KEEP RECORDS
• Keeping records of your assessment and any control
actions taken is very important. You may be required
to store assessments for a specific number of years.
• Check for local requirements in your jurisdiction.
The level of documentation or record keeping will
depend on:
• Level of risk involved.
• Legislated requirements.
• Requirements of any management systems that may
be in place.
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25. Your records should show that you:
• Conducted a good hazard review.
• Determined the risks of those hazards.
• Implemented control measures suitable for the risk.
• Reviewed and monitored all hazards in the workplace
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26. Conclusion
Hazard management is the process which improves
worker safety by providing measures to reduce
fatalities and injuries to workers in the field of
transportation construction and maintenance tasks etc.
By help of these procedures or steps we can easily
identify hazards and control the risk of harm.
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27. References
• Hazard Analysis Techniques For System Safety By Wiley,
Second Edition
• OSHA GUDELINES
• https://www.cenovus.com/contractor/docs/health-safety-
practices/fire-and-explosion-hazard-management-practice.pdf
• http://www.energysafetycanada.com/files/pdf/publications/763
27-176489.irp18presentationtocapp.pdf
• http://www.energysafetycanada.com/resources/detail/48/FEH
M_Guideline
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