A presentation done by Undergraduates in Chemical and Process Department in University of Moratuwa on engineering aspects of Sodium Hydroxide Production.
3 modren sodium hydroxide manufacturing methodsrita martin
Sodium hydroxide also known as caustic soda with chemical formula NaOH found in many forms caustic soda lye, flakes, granules and solid. Produced using three different process Mercury Cell, Diaphragm cell, Membrane Cell methods
A presentation done by Undergraduates in Chemical and Process Department in University of Moratuwa on engineering aspects of Sodium Hydroxide Production.
3 modren sodium hydroxide manufacturing methodsrita martin
Sodium hydroxide also known as caustic soda with chemical formula NaOH found in many forms caustic soda lye, flakes, granules and solid. Produced using three different process Mercury Cell, Diaphragm cell, Membrane Cell methods
6 methods of preparation of caustic sodarita martin
Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda or lye, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaOH. It is a white solid, and is a highly caustic metallic base and alkali salt. It is available in pellets, flakes, granules, and as prepared solutions at a number of different concentrations.
Originally presented in Fayoum University Faculty of Engineering.
A quick presentation about chlor-alkali process which is used by the industry to produce chlorine gas , sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.
a report which contains more information about this topic can be downloaded from here:
https://goo.gl/8bQrnd
Manufacturing of sodium carbonate using solvay processrita martin
Solvay Process majorly used in sodium carbonate industrial production was discovered by belgian industrial chemist Ernest Solvay which uses three readily available materials salt brine, limestone, ammonia
Bleaching Powder Manufacturing Business. Production of Calcium Chlorohypochlorite. Profitable Chemical Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs
Bleaching powder is also called calcium chlorohypochlorite because it is considered as a mixed salt of hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid. Bleaching Powder is an oxidizing agent and the activity is measured in terms of available chlorine, which is the same weight as that of gaseous or liquid chlorine that would exert the same action as the chlorine compound. Bleaching powder is used to whiting or removing the natural color of textile fibers, yarns, wood pulp, paper and other products by chemical reaction and also is an additive in the scouring powder preparation as germicide.
Bleacing powder is calcium hypochlorite (Ca (OCl) 2). It is a one of the major chemical industry in the world. Limestone and chlorine gas are used as raw materials to manufacture bleaching powder which is used as a disinfectant and as an oxidizing agent. Bleaching powder show different reactions.
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
#Manufacture_of_Bleaching_Powder, #Preparation_of_Bleaching_Power, #Bleaching_Powder_Manufacturing_Process, How is Bleaching Powder Made? Manufacture of Bleaching Powder, Bleaching Powder Production, How to Make Bleaching Powder, Chlorinated Lime, #Calcium_Chlorohypochlorite, Manufacturing of Bleaching Powder, Process for Production of Bleaching Powder, Bleaching Powder Manufacturing Plant, Large Scale Preparation of Bleaching Powder, #Starting_a_Bleaching_Powder_Production_Business, Bleaching Powder Production Business, Calcium Oxychloride, #Bleaching_Powder_Manufacture, #Project_Report_on_Bleaching_Powder_Manufacturing_Industry, Detailed Project Report on Bleaching Powder Manufacturing Plant, #Project_Report_on_Bleaching_Powder_Manufacture, #Pre_Investment_Feasibility_Study_on_Bleaching_Powder_Production Business, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Bleaching Powder Production Business, Feasibility report on Bleaching Powder Production Business, Free Project Profile on Bleaching Powder Manufacture, Project profile on Bleaching Powder Production, Download free project profile on Bleaching Powder Production Business, #Bleaching_Powder_Manufacturing_Business, (CaOCl2) Calcium Oxychloride, Investment Opportunities in Chemical Industry, Flow Diagram of Bleaching Powder Manufacturing, Bleaching Powder Preparation, Properties and Uses of Bleaching Powder, #Manufacturing_of_Bleaching_Powder, Bleaching Powder Industry, Production of Calcium Chlorohypochlorite, How is Calcium Hypochlorite Produced?
Manufacturing of chlorine using diaphragm cell, membrane cellrita martin
Chlorine is an important industrial chemical. Chlorine is manufactured by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using a diaphragm cell and a membrane cell. Both cells rely on the same underlying chemistry, but differ in detail.
6 methods of preparation of caustic sodarita martin
Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda or lye, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaOH. It is a white solid, and is a highly caustic metallic base and alkali salt. It is available in pellets, flakes, granules, and as prepared solutions at a number of different concentrations.
Originally presented in Fayoum University Faculty of Engineering.
A quick presentation about chlor-alkali process which is used by the industry to produce chlorine gas , sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.
a report which contains more information about this topic can be downloaded from here:
https://goo.gl/8bQrnd
Manufacturing of sodium carbonate using solvay processrita martin
Solvay Process majorly used in sodium carbonate industrial production was discovered by belgian industrial chemist Ernest Solvay which uses three readily available materials salt brine, limestone, ammonia
Bleaching Powder Manufacturing Business. Production of Calcium Chlorohypochlorite. Profitable Chemical Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs
Bleaching powder is also called calcium chlorohypochlorite because it is considered as a mixed salt of hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid. Bleaching Powder is an oxidizing agent and the activity is measured in terms of available chlorine, which is the same weight as that of gaseous or liquid chlorine that would exert the same action as the chlorine compound. Bleaching powder is used to whiting or removing the natural color of textile fibers, yarns, wood pulp, paper and other products by chemical reaction and also is an additive in the scouring powder preparation as germicide.
Bleacing powder is calcium hypochlorite (Ca (OCl) 2). It is a one of the major chemical industry in the world. Limestone and chlorine gas are used as raw materials to manufacture bleaching powder which is used as a disinfectant and as an oxidizing agent. Bleaching powder show different reactions.
See more
https://bit.ly/2wPl572
https://bit.ly/2F286DQ
https://bit.ly/2KcZOhc
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
#Manufacture_of_Bleaching_Powder, #Preparation_of_Bleaching_Power, #Bleaching_Powder_Manufacturing_Process, How is Bleaching Powder Made? Manufacture of Bleaching Powder, Bleaching Powder Production, How to Make Bleaching Powder, Chlorinated Lime, #Calcium_Chlorohypochlorite, Manufacturing of Bleaching Powder, Process for Production of Bleaching Powder, Bleaching Powder Manufacturing Plant, Large Scale Preparation of Bleaching Powder, #Starting_a_Bleaching_Powder_Production_Business, Bleaching Powder Production Business, Calcium Oxychloride, #Bleaching_Powder_Manufacture, #Project_Report_on_Bleaching_Powder_Manufacturing_Industry, Detailed Project Report on Bleaching Powder Manufacturing Plant, #Project_Report_on_Bleaching_Powder_Manufacture, #Pre_Investment_Feasibility_Study_on_Bleaching_Powder_Production Business, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Bleaching Powder Production Business, Feasibility report on Bleaching Powder Production Business, Free Project Profile on Bleaching Powder Manufacture, Project profile on Bleaching Powder Production, Download free project profile on Bleaching Powder Production Business, #Bleaching_Powder_Manufacturing_Business, (CaOCl2) Calcium Oxychloride, Investment Opportunities in Chemical Industry, Flow Diagram of Bleaching Powder Manufacturing, Bleaching Powder Preparation, Properties and Uses of Bleaching Powder, #Manufacturing_of_Bleaching_Powder, Bleaching Powder Industry, Production of Calcium Chlorohypochlorite, How is Calcium Hypochlorite Produced?
Manufacturing of chlorine using diaphragm cell, membrane cellrita martin
Chlorine is an important industrial chemical. Chlorine is manufactured by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using a diaphragm cell and a membrane cell. Both cells rely on the same underlying chemistry, but differ in detail.
Treatment of water for domestic use,Screening,Sedimentation,Co-agulation,Filtration,Disinfection of water,Water softening
Permutit Process,Ion exchange method,Mixed bed Dimneralisation process, Lime- Soda process ,Desalination
RO Method, Electrodialysis
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
Chemical Process Industry (Production of Caustic Soda & Chlorine)
1.
2. What is electrolysis??
Process of breaking down a compound into its
constituent elements by passing electricity
through it.
Basically chlorine and caustic soda is produced
by electrolysis of salt water (brine).
In this process there are three types of
electrolytic cell:
* Mercury Cell * Diaphragm Cell
* Membrane Cell
3.
4. • Salt is first dissolved in the dissolution tank.
• The obtained saturated brine(salt) is then sent
to a purification tank to remove impurities.
5. • Industrial water is also purified before entering the cell.
• This shows the need of electricity in electrolytic cell.
6.
7. • Electric current flowing through the cell decomposes the brine
passing through the narrow space between the electrodes,
liberating chlorine gas (Cl2) at the anode and metallic sodium (Na)
at the cathode.
• The chlorine gas is accumulated above the anode assembly and
discharged to the purification process.
• As it is liberated at the surface of the mercury cathode and the
sodium immediately forms an amalgam (a 'mixture' of two metals)
8. • The liquid amalgam flows from the electrolytic cell to a
separate reactor, called the decomposer, where it reacts with
water in the presence of a graphite catalyst to form caustic
soda (sodium hydroxide) and hydrogen gas.
• The sodium-free mercury is fed back into the electrolyser
and reused.
The reaction in the electrolyser is:
2 Na+ +2Cl-+ 2 Hg → 2 Na-Hg + Cl2(g)
The reaction in the decomposer is:
2 Na-Hg + 2 H2O → 2 Na++ 2 OH- + H2 (g) + 2 Hg
9.
10. • In the diaphragm cell process, there are two compartments separated by
a permeable diaphragm.
• Brine is introduced into the anode compartment and flows into the
cathode compartment.
• Similarly to the Membrane Cell, chloride ions are oxidized at the anode
to produce chlorine, and at the cathode, water is split into caustic soda
and hydrogen.
• The diaphragm prevents the reaction of the caustic soda with the
chlorine.
• A diluted caustic brine leaves the cell.
• The caustic soda must usually be concentrated to 50% and the salt
removed. This is done using an evaporative process.
11.
12. • This technology uses water-impermeable ion-conducting
membrane.
• The membrane is made of a special resin which permits cations
(positive ions) to pass through.
• The anode chamber of a membrane electrolytic cell is filled with brine,
and the cathode chamber with water.
• The brine in the anode chamber contains sodium (Na+) and chloride
(Cl-) ions.
13. • These ions migrate when a current is applied: the positively charged
sodium ions pass through the membrane to the cathode chamber,
while the negatively charged chloride ions are discharged on the
anode surface to form chlorine gas (Cl2).
• Water in the cathode chamber partly dissociates into hydrogen (H+)
and hydroxide (OH-) ions.
• The hydrogen ions capture electrons on the cathode surface to form
hydrogen gas (H2).
• The hydroxide ions are attracted to the anode, but blocked by the
membrane, and react with the sodium ions from the anode chamber to
form caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH).
14. • The chlorine is washed and cooled to remove salt, and further
dehydrated before being delivered or liquefied.
• Chlorine is liquefied and stored low temperature. The liquid
chlorine from the bulk tank can be used as a feedstock.
15. Caustic soda is further concentrated in a vaporizer to a
concentration of about 50% for delivery.
16.
17. • In the mercury cell process, 50% caustic soda is obtained
directly from the decomposers.
• The caustic soda is normally pumped through a cooler, then
through a mercury removal system and then to the intermediate
and final storage sections. In some cases the caustic is heated
before filtration. The most common method for removal of
mercury from caustic soda is a plate (or leaf) filter with carbon
coat.
• In the case of diaphragm and membrane technologies the
caustic soda is concentrated by evaporation before final
storage.
18. It never gets contaminated with any sodium chloride solution
due to presence of water-impermeable ion-conducting
membrane.
The caustic soda is more quality.
Operates at low voltage.
Energy efficient.
Less environmental impact
19. Safety
Wear goggles all the time to avoid contact with gases.
Handle the gases with care in loading area and also
storage area as it is explosive.
Always follow the safety hazards.
20. Health
Eye irritation
Breathing difficulties
Asthma
Irritates respiratory system
Can be fatal