2. • Chlorine is created industrially by using the
electrolysis of a concentrated aqueous
solution of sodium chloride (brine).
• There are two methods in creating
chlorine, they are: mercury cell electrolysis
and membrane cell electrolysis.
3. • MERCURY CELL ELECTRLYSIS
Mercury cell electrolysis was the first method
used to produce chlorine on an industrial scale.
Titanium anodes are located above a liquid mercury
cathode and a solution of sodium chloride is
positioned between the electrodes. When an
electrical current is applied, chloride is released at the
titanium anodes and sodium dissolves into the
mercury cathode forming an amalgam.
4. The amalgam can be regenerated into mercury by
reacting it with water, producing hydrogen and
sodium hydroxide . These are useful byproducts.
However, this method consumes vast amounts of
energy.
5.
6. • MEMBRANE CELL ELECTROLYSIS
The electrolysis cell is divided into two by a
membrane acting as an ion exchanger. Saturated
sodium chloride solution is passed through the
anode compartment leaving a lower concentration.
Sodium hydroxide solution is circulated through the
cathode compartment exiting at a higher
concentration. A portion of this concentrated
sodium hydroxide solution is diverted as product
while the remainder is diluted with deionized water
and passed through the membrane again.
In the anode compartment: 2CL-(aq) -2e- CL2(g)
In the cathode compartment: 2H(aq) + 2e- H2(g)
8. MEMBRANE CELL PROCESS
The membrane cell process uses a cell
divided into two compartments. This is separated
by a semi permeable membrane usually asbestos
diaphragm.
• The purified brine solution is added to the
container in both compartments.
• In one compartment(A) titanium anode is set
into place. In the other compartment(B) nickel
or steel cathode is set up.
9. • The sodium diffuses through the membrane
while chlorine is attached to the anode and is
produced as chlorine gas.
• At the cathode sodium hydroxide is produced
pure.
10. • Chlorine Uses in Everyday Life
It is used as a disinfectant in various water-treatment plants.
Spread of waterborne diseases can be curbed by using
chlorine in the water. chlorine is also used in pools to curb
bacterial growth. Use of chlorine in sewage and waste
treatment plants is also quite popular.
• Chlorine Uses in Medicine
Approximately 85 percent of medications used to treat a
range of diseases, right from depression to arthritis, contain
chlorine. Various compounds of chlorine are used as
antiseptics as well as cleaning and disinfecting agents in
medical facilities. Some of these compounds are also used in
disinfecting various machines and equipment used by the
medical fraternity.
11. • Chlorine Uses in Industry
Chlorine easily dissolves in water to form a mixture of hydrochloric
acid. Also known as chlorine water, this mixture is an excellent
oxidizing agent, which is used in paper industry and fabric industry
for the purpose of bleaching. Other than this chlorine is also used in
preparing dyes, insecticides, explosives, metals, paints, plastics,
refrigerants and solvents.
• Chlorine Uses in the Body
In human body, chlorine is present in form of soluble salts referred
to as chloride. Along with sodium and water, chloride work as a
mineral electrolyte, and plays a crucial role in distribution of fluids
throughout the body. Chloride also helps in maintaining the fluid
balance, both within as well as outside the cells. It is also essential
for maintaining the require blood volume and proper blood
pressure.
12. GROUP MEMBERS:
KIMO ARMSTRONG
DANA COLEY
ANNAKAY MCBEAN
KAMOYA WILLIAMS
