Here are the key barriers, constraints and enabling measures identified for promoting cleaner production in Pakistan: Barriers/Constraints: - Lack of awareness and understanding of CP benefits among industry - Upfront costs and perceived investment risk - Lack of incentives and financial support from government - No enforcement of environmental regulations - Absence of CP expertise and skills within industry - Short-term profit-focused mindset - Resistance to change existing production processes Enabling Measures: - Awareness raising campaigns targeting industry and government - Financial incentives like tax breaks for CP implementation - Capacity building programs to develop local CP expertise - Partnering industries with technical institutes for assessments - Lead

1. Barriers, Constraints and
Enabling Measures
for an Effective CP Application

2. Some Concerns of Cleaner Production
Implementation
• CP doesn’t “happen” by itself but needs to be
supported by government, implemented by
industry and understood by other
stakeholders
• CP is sometimes confused with other
environmental tools such as ISO 14001 (EMS)
and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)
• CP Assessment and Implementation needs
Time and Effort from Industry personnel
• CP requires an initial investment

3. CP Assessment Methodology -
NCPC Sri Lanka
3
Barriers and Constraints
&
Catalysts and Enabling measures
1. Attitudinal
2. Systemic
3. Organizational
4. Technical
5. Economic
6. Governmental

4. • Production Bias
• Lack of Mutual Trust
• Over Confidence of their Own
Systems
• Indifference to generation of
waste
• Fear of New Knowledge
• Indifference to generation of
waste
• Indifference to house keeping
• Strong Trade Union Orientation
• Informal structure within
• Resistance to Change
Management Employees
Attitudinal Constraints

5. Catalysts
• Management
– Buyer Pressure
– Competitor Pressure
– Societal Pressure
– Financial and Non Financial Incentives
– Global and Local Business Trends
– Regulatory Enforcement

6. Enabling Measures
• Management
– Exposure to Other Practicing organizations
– Networking with Others
– Knowledge Enhancement
– Benchmarking to show their situation
– Early Success of Cleaner Production
– Open Suggestions from Employees
– National and International Success Stories

7. Catalysts
• Employees
– Buyer Interaction
– Societal Pressure
– Financial and Non Financial Incentives
– Global and Local Business Trends
– Regulatory Enforcement

8. Enabling measures
• Employees
– Open Communication
– Development of Champions
– Engaging Trade Union Leaders
– Participation in External Competitions
– Training and Retraining
– Encourage to Experiment
– Publicize early successes
– Exposure to new knowledge

9. Systemic Constraints
• Lack of Professional management
Skills
• Poor Monitoring and Record
Keeping
• Inadequate and ineffective systems
• Lack of Mutual Communication
• Poor Knowledge and Information
Base

10. Catalysts
– Exposure to Other Practicing organizations
– Networking with Others
– Knowledge Enhancement
– Benchmarking to show their situation
– Changes in management Style
– Global and local business Trends
– Mandatory Reporting and Certification

11. Enabling Measures
• Introduction to Management Systems
• Start up of a Information System
• Training of CP teams
• Benchmarking and indicator development
• Dissemination of Success Stories
• Effective Communication
• Frequent meetings of Management and
Employees
• Changes in Management

12. • Autocratic Leadership
• Centralized Decision Making
• No Clear cut Organizational Structure
• Too many layers of Organizational
Hierarchy
• Emphasis on Quantity Output
• Non Involvement of Employees
Organizational Constraints

13. Catalysts
– Exposure to Other Practicing organizations
– Networking with Others
– Knowledge Enhancement
– Benchmarking to show their situation
– Changes in management Style
– Global and local business Trends
– Mandatory Reporting and Certification
– A flat type of Organizational Structure
– Influence of Pressure groups

14. Enabling measures
• Changes in Management
• Decentralized decision Making
• Engage all employees for CP Implementation
• Recognize Cleaner Production Efforts
• Assign Waste generation Costs to Production
• Regular Communication between
management and Employees
• Develop Organizational Structure with Roles
and Responsibilities Assigned to each

15. Technical Constraints
•Technology Limitations
•Inadequate Technical Capabilities
•Limited Technical Information
•Fear of being a guinea pig
•Unpleasant Old Experiences

16. Catalysts
• Low Cost of New Technology
• Technology Transfer
• National Innovation Platform
• Technology Incentives
• Active network of Low carbon technologies
• Knowledge Integration on Environmental
Sustainable Technologies
• Subsidies and Incentives for pioneering
technologies
• Exchange of Technology know how

17. Enabling Measures
• Dissemination of CP techniques and
Technologies
• Need based support for Environment driven
R&D
• Technical Skill Enhancement of Employees
• In house Fabrication Facilities
• Encouragement of experimentation
• Exposure Visits and Exchange of experiences

18. Economic Constraints
•Ad hoc Investment Policy
•Lack of Incentives and Financial
Instruments
•Non Availability of Financial Schemes
•Cost Of Capital
•Resource Pricing
•Production at Any cost

19. Catalysts
• Availability of Green Credit facilities
• Environmental Grants
• Global, Regional and National CP Financing
Projects
• Incentives and Rebates
• Financially sound CP Solutions
• Long term Buyer Contracts
• Environment conducive to Investment Policies

20. Enabling Measures
• Carry Out low Cost CP Solutions and reap economic
benefits to use as seed funds
• Chambers Lobbying for International Financial
Support
• Strengthen Capacity for approaching available
Funding Mechanisms such as CDM
• Strengthening Bank Credit Schemes through donor
funding
• Establish positive economic Policy Instruments
• Making Environmental Costing Mandatory to
internalize environment into resource costing
• Establish a Credit Guarantee scheme for SMEs to
meet the issue of Collateral

21. Governmental Constraints
• No Clear Policy, strategy and action Plan on
Sustainable Development
• Inadequately formulated environmental
regulatory framework
• Ineffective enforcement of Environmental
Regulations
• Inadequate long term industrial policies
• No effective Policy Instruments in force to
motivate industries
• No legal frame work to bind industries
together to a chamber movement

22. Catalysts
• Being a Party to Multi Lateral Environmental
Agreements
• Availability of International Technical and
Financial Assistance to Government for initiating
Projects
• Mandatory Chamber Membership for Business
Enterprises
• Having effective Policy Instruments in force
• Strong Environmental Regulatory framework
• Effective National Policy on Sustainable
Development
• Lobbying by Pressure Groups

23. Enabling Measures
• Strength regulatory body to effectively enforce
environmental regulations
• Providing Green Credit facilities
• Establish a National Rewarding System to
recognize CP Implementation
• Representation of National Environmental
Roadmap at International Environmental
Events and to Donors
• Incorporate CP into Education system
• Mandatory Environmental Reporting by all
industries

24. General Observations
• Barriers and Constraints will vary from
Country to Country
• They are time bound
• The catalysts and Enabling measures are also
society specific
• A Weak Industry sector will aggravate the
impacts by barriers and Constraints
• The economic Development Plans of a country
will influence the CP Implementation
• Barriers and Constraints are less intense in a
Knowledge Society.

25. 25
CP barriers( from a UNEP
Presentation)
Internal to the companies:
- Lack of information and expertise
- Low environmental awareness
- Competing business priorities, in
particular, the pressure for a short
term profits
- Financial obstacles
- Lack of communication in firms
- Middle management inertia
- Labour force obstacles

26. 26
-Difficulty in
accessing cleaner
technologies
-Difficulty in
accessing external
finance
CP barriers
External to the companies:
The failure
of existing
regulatory
approaches

27. 27
CP motivators and drivers
Internal to the companies:
- Improvements in productivity and
competitiveness
- Environmental management
systems and continuous
improvement
- Environmental leadership
- Corporate environmental
reports
- Environmental accounting

28. 28
CP motivators and drivers
External to the companies:
- Innovative
regulation
- Economic
incentives
- Education and
training
- Buyer –
supplier
relations
- Soft loans from
Financial
institutions
- Community
involvement
- International
trade incentives

29. CP needs dedication and Commitment of
Champions to overcome barriers and
Constraints more than any external
Catalysts and Enabling measures
Thank You

30. Group Exercise VII
• Identify barriers and constrains that will be
there when introducing & promoting Cleaner
Production to Pakistan Industries and when
conducting CP assessments in Industrial
organizations; suggest enabling measurers to
overcome these barriers and Constraints