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- 1. Irish immigrants begin moving to the United States after the blight that ruined their potato crops. They began to experience culture shock, or the process of adjusting to a new environment. 1840 - 1858 Fredrick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux begin creating blueprints for Central Park, located in New York. 1840s 1857 Karl Marx, a German philosopher publishes the Communist Manifesto, a book that outlines a new political idea that earns him the title of the father of communism. 1848 The California Gold Rush causes an influx of settlers to travel through the Great Plains where they learned that their ideas of savage native tribes and desolate territory was wrong. 1858 http:/a/1.bp.blogspot.com/-- w1ijz- mQ_M/TdUqyRAMWXI/AAAA AAAAAJM/Zj2H4ABWark/s16 00/EarlyIrishImmigrants.gif http://www.nycgovparks.org/pa gefiles/20/olmsted4.jpg
- 2. 1862 - 1866 1862 Congress passes the Homestead Act of 1862 which allows any head of American citizen who is head of household a 160 plot of land in the west for free. About 600,000 families took the offer. When Cheyenne arrived at the Sand Creek Reserve to stay for the winter, they were slaughtered by the local militia under the command of Colonel John Chivington. Chivilton’s superior officer, General S.R. Curtis sent a telegraph that read “I want no peace until the indians suffer more.” 1864 In response to the Homestead Act of 1862, Easterners began moving west to claim their 160 acres of land. These settlers were called Homesteaders. 1862 1866 In 1866, the first black infantry regiment was enlisted and established to fight against the Native Americans. The tribes who fought against this regiment and the ones that proceeded it called the soldiers Buffalo Soldiers. 1866 In 1866, the first black infantry regiment was enlisted and established to fight against the Native Americans. The tribes who fought against this regiment and the ones that proceeded it called the soldiers Buffalo Soldiers. 1866 In 1866, the first black infantry regiment was enlisted and established to fight against the Native Americans. The tribes who fought against this regiment and the ones that proceeded it called the soldiers Buffalo Soldiers. 1866 http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/25th_Infant ry.jpg
- 3. Social Events 1867 – 1870s 1867 Oliver Kelly founds the Patrons of Husbandry Farmers’ Alliance, which begins as a social group for supporting farmers 1867 Originally called the Patrons of Husbandry, the Grange begins to act against the railroad companies by negotiating their stance with politicians. 1869 Politicians begin appointing unqualified workers into office because they are friends with the politician. This poor system of governing became known as patronage. 1870s – 1880s The National Farmers’ Alliance, a group of dissatisfied farmers in the Midwest and High Plains that tried to relieve the industry of high taxation by railroad companies. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/bio graphy/images/kelley_o.jpg http://www.mu seumsrv.org/i mages/Grang ePosterWeb.j pg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- Or_XPXNQnhY/Tx7X3cINiRI/AAAAAAAAELM/rognaasOHi0/s16 00/farmers_alliance_meeting.gif
- 4. 1870s – 1871 The Colored Farmers’ Alliance formed under the same basis as the National Farmers’ Alliance, but was mainly kept secret to ensure the safety of the participants. 1870s – 1880s In the Western and Southern regions of the country, the Southern Farmers’ Alliance was formed as a white only group. 1870s – 1880s Named after the song “Jump, Jim Crow,” the Jim Crow Laws or collective of laws were established in the South to prevent the mixing of the races by labeling certain facilities for each race. 1870s – 1880s After becoming the governing power in New York in 1868, the Tammany Hall political machine was broken by the outraged public after being exposed by the press as a corrupt system. 1871
- 5. 1872 - 1873 With the availability of the postal service in the country, Montgomery Ward took a significant step forward in proving consumer goods by introducing the Mail-Order Catalog, which allowed the consumers to purchase items and have them shipped to their homes. 1872 During the Grant Administration, the Crédit Mobilier scandal occurred. In this scandal, the Union Pacific Railroad and Crédit Mobilier Company paid incompetent government employees in cash and company stock to act in favor of the companies’ interests. 18721872 During the Grant Administration, the Crédit Mobilier scandal occurred. In this scandal, the Union Pacific Railroad and Crédit Mobilier Company paid incompetent government employees in cash and company stock to act in favor of the companies’ interests. 1872 During the Grant Administration, the Crédit Mobilier scandal occurred. In this scandal, the Union Pacific Railroad and Crédit Mobilier Company paid incompetent government employees in cash and company stock to act in favor of the companies’ interests. 1872 During the Grant Administration, the Crédit Mobilier scandal occurred. In this scandal, the Union Pacific Railroad and Crédit Mobilier Company paid incompetent government employees in cash and company stock to act in favor of the companies’ interests. 1872 During the Grant Administration, the Crédit Mobilier scandal occurred. In this scandal, the Union Pacific Railroad and Crédit Mobilier Company paid incompetent government employees in cash and company stock to act in favor of the companies’ interests. 1872 During the Grant Administration, the Crédit Mobilier scandal occurred. In this scandal, the Union Pacific Railroad and Crédit Mobilier Company paid incompetent government employees in cash and company stock to act in favor of the companies’ interests. 1872 During the Grant Administration, the Crédit Mobilier scandal occurred. In this scandal, the Union Pacific Railroad and Crédit Mobilier Company paid incompetent government employees in cash and company stock to act in favor of the companies’ interests. 1873 After earning enough money through bonds from his previous workplace, Pennsylvania Avenue Railroad, Andrew Carnigie began manufacturing steel via the new Pessemer Process, soon produced more steel than all Britain’s factories combined. 1873 Coined by Samuel Clemens and Charles Dudly Warner in the book The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. This term came to describe the political and economic problems that existed under a veneer of limitless opportunity. 18731873 After earning enough money through bonds from his previous workplace, Pennsylvania Avenue Railroad, Andrew Carnigie began manufacturing steel via the new Pessemer Process, soon produced more steel than all Britain’s factories combined. 1873 After earning enough money through bonds from his previous workplace, Pennsylvania Avenue Railroad, Andrew Carnigie began manufacturing steel via the new Pessemer Process, soon produced more steel than all Britain’s factories combined. 1873 During the Grant Administration, the Crédit Mobilier scandal occurred. In this scandal, the Union Pacific Railroad and Crédit Mobilier Company paid incompetent government employees in cash and company stock to act in favor of the companies’ interests. https://gildedageperiod56.wikispaces.com/fil e/view/carnegie.jpg/69642419/carnegie.jpg
- 6. Economic Events Social Events 1876 - 1877 As a spiritual leader, medicine man, and fierce warrior, Sitting Bull was the leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux tribe. Sitting Bull was most known for the many month fight against the American Military. Although it was a valiant struggle, he was forced to surrender. 1876 After having a vision of Americans and Sioux falling off their horses, Sitting Bull assembled Sioux warriors. Colonel George Armstrong Custer was moving into the native territory of Little Bighorn with the intention of slaughtering natives when his entire regiment was wiped out by Sioux. 1876 The world was given a new method of communication after Alexander Graham Bell and his college, Thomas Watson, unveiled the Telephone. 1876 Known for his military leadership and his political relations with the American government, Chief Joseph held off the American Military for 1,170 miles while taking his people north of the states. Despite his effective strategies, Chief Joseph would surrender with 418 of his followers. 18771876 http://www.atkinsonadmin.com/ArtW ork/1246483250-sitting_bull2.jpg http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch 2en/conc2en/img/bell_telephone.gif http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ ch2en/conc2en/img/bell_telephone.gif
- 7. 1879 – 1880s After establishing the world’s first research center in New Jersey, Thomas Alva Edison began trying to create a more efficient light. By using a filament, he was able to create the first modern incandescent bulb, and later developed a more efficient way to distribute electricity. 1879 As a tycoon in the oil industry, John D, Rockefeller gained power in the industry by buying out his competition and using their resources in his own production. At this point, Rockefeller controlled 90% of oil production in the U.S. 1880 The Wild West was a fabricated idea created by the international touring group featuring Wild Bill Hickok and others performing trick riding, roping, and moc battles between Cowboys and Indians. This show would captivate audiences around the world and draw attention to the Cowboy West. 1880s1880s The Wild West was a fabricated idea created by the international touring group featuring Wild Bill Hickok and others performing trick riding, roping, and moc battles between Cowboys and Indians. This show would captivate audiences around the world and draw attention to the Cowboy West. 1880s The Wild West was a fabricated idea created by the international touring group featuring Wild Bill Hickok and others performing trick riding, roping, and moc battles between Cowboys and Indians. This show would captivate audiences around the world and draw attention to the Cowboy West. 1880s1879 1879-1901 Due to the mass influx of immigrants and their need for proper housing, legislature passed the Tenement House Act in 1879. Architects developed a design that met the standards and resembled a large dumbbell. They were nicknamed Dumbbell Tenements. http://t3.gstatic.com/images? q=tbn:ANd9GcT_LxXW55Rdcl4Cb8a9o- Yh7Lpv5RCWMb3wXJ8SVbeBO-QL6cL5e-MCJHwDdg http://symonsez.files.wordpress.com/200 8/a12/edisonbulb.jpg http://www.ultragod.com/kingof theworld_rockefeller.jpg http://i.istockimg.com/file_thumbview_ approve/11117724/2/stock-photo- 11117724-wild-bill-hickok-old-west- gunfighter-and-lawman.jpg
- 8. 1880s - 1885 Consisting of song, dance, comedy, magic, acrobatics, and short plays, the Vaudeville genre performances were popular up until the 1930s. 1880s Heading the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, Booker T. Washington advocated that the black population should support their country through labor. 1881 1883 Originally an immigrant from Hungary, Joseph Pulitzer was the owner of the New York World paper and used “sin, sex, and sensation” to outmatch his opposition. Known best by the name Mark Twain, Samuel Clemens was the author of many literary classics that usually mixed adventure and satirical situations. One of his most widely published books is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which is still read today. 1885 http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/thumb/7/7c/OBrien_and_ Havel_-_Joseph_Hart_Vaudeville.jpg/200px- OBrien_and_Havel_-_Joseph_Hart_Vaudeville.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/ 6/61/Huckleberry_Finn_book.JPG/200px- Huckleberry_Finn_book.JPG
- 9. 1886 - 1887 After police were sent to break up the strike at Haymarket Square, someone threw dynamite into the crowd, causing police to fire upon the strikers. At the end of the day, the Haymarket Affair left six police and four civilians dead. 1886 The leader of the craft unionist group Cigar Makers International, Samuel Gompers later merged with other unions by using collective bargaining, or negotiating universal wages, hours, shifts, and conditions for workers of various industries. 1886 1887 In order to legalize assimilation, the Dawes Act would encourage assimilation by offering 160 acres of land to any Native Americans who were head of household, while 80 acres would be provided to any unmarried adult. The remaining land would be sold to settlers and be paid to the natives. 1887 Inspired by the poverty-stricken streets of New York, Jacob Riis was a Danish immigrant that used photography in his journalism to help the impoverished immigrants of the city. Riis was also introduced flash photography due to his inability to take pictures at night. http://homicide.northwestern.edu/docs_fk/homicide/544/Anarchy142.jpg http://theredlist.fr/media/database/photography/history/pre curseurs/jacob-riis/010_jacob-riis_theredlist.jpg
- 10. 1887 - 1890 1887 Due to the formation of numerous anti- railroad groups, the Interstate Commerce Commission was established by the Interstate Commerce Act, putting an end to unfair shipping prices levied by railroad companies. As a young man, George Eastman understood the inconveniences of photography. In attempt to make cameras lighter and less complicated, Eastman created the Kodak camera, which was the first camera to utilize film development some time after taking the photograph. 1888 1888 Introduced as a means to block the black population’s vote, the Poll Tax was established in many southern states and required that a large fee be paid annually in order to vote. The Seventh Cavalry were escorting 350 members of the Sioux tribe to the camp at Wounded Knee Creek. When a few Sioux refused to surrender their weapons, 300 Sioux were fired upon and slaughtered by the cavalry. 1890 http://0.tqn.com/d/inv entors/1/0/e/4/kodak _camera.jpg
- 11. 1890 1890 Due to the overpowered companies arising as a result of trusts, the Sherman Anti- Trust Act was passed. The act itself was relatively ineffective, simply because a trust wasn’t clearly defined and could easily go from being a single company to being multiple individual ones. 1890 As another way of preventing blacks from voting, Literacy Tests were introduced in the south, and often required blacks to pass difficult tests or tests written in different languages in order to vote. 1890 In addition to the legislation already in place prevent blacks from voting, many southern states adopted the Grandfather Clause, stating that a man could only vote if his grandfather had been able to. 1890 With the growth of industry over the course of the 19th century, Sweat Shops, or workshops inside tenements, became common because they were cheap. The long hours and little pay provided by these workplaces made them a common place for strikes to occur. http://www.sjsapush.com/r esources/voter %20fraud.jpg.opt512x424 o0,0s512x424.jpg http://www.fundamentalfinance.c om/images/child-labor2.jpg
- 12. 1890 - 1893 1890 With the rise of business tycoons and scandalous politicians, the Populist movement grew strong. The Populist Party was established with the belief that the ordinary individuals should not be subject to the elite few. Originally not personally affected by the cause she fought for, Ida B. Wells was an African-American reformist and spokeswoman. When three friends of Wells were lynched, she knew first hand why she had to fight for the rights of her people. 1892 1892 Created as an inspection station for European immigrants, Ellis Island required tedious inspection and sometimes detention, but 98% of immigrants were allowed passage. 1893 During the Panic of 1983, George Pullman owned the Pullman Railroad Company, and laid off 3,000 of the total 5,800 employees. In addition, he cut wages by 25% to 30%. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_kfLddEunhX4/TSawfDT- 7WI/AAAAAAAAADM/CyMZIiDRTI0/s1600/1030.jpg
- 13. 1894 - 1896 Due to the selfish management of the Pullman Railroad Company, Eugene V. Debs led a violent strike . President Grover T. Cleveland sent in federal troops to break up the Pullman Strike. 1894 W.E.B. Dubois claims title of the first African- American to graduate from Harvard. He believed that the best way for the black community to integrate would be through education in the Liberal Arts. 1895 1895 Owner of the San Francisco Examiner and the New York Morning Journal, William Randolph Hearst used exaggerated stories of scandals, cruelty, hypnotism, and faux mars conquests to attract audiences 1896 Marked by a gold railroad spike in Promontory, Utah, the Transcontinental Railroad was a project that started before the Civil War. The railroad spans across the country, and was added to nearly 180,000 miles of track already laid. http://74.220.215.218/~recollec/bleed/images/misc/ sinnersPullmanStrike1.jpg http://thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomai nnameatlonglast.com/images3/spike1.JPG
- 14. 1896 1896 At the Democratic Convention for the 1896 election, William Jennings Bryan won the nomination after composing and performing a very memorable speech titled “Cross of Gold,” in which he made his stance clear on how currency should be backed. 1896 Running for president as a Republican candidate, William McKinley campaigned from his front porch, and sent messengers to various places throughout the country to speak on his behalf. 1896 Author of the “Cross of Gold” speech and nominee for the Democratic presidential candidate, William Jennings Bryan. Bryan would fall short of the presidency by half a million votes. The first, most notable Supreme Court Case dealing with segregation is Plessy v. Ferguson, which establishes the “Separate but Equal” doctrine, and did not void the 14th Amendment 1896 http://www.wpclipart.com/American_History/Hist oric_figures/historic_figures_3/William_McKinle y.png http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/Bryan.gif
- 15. 1903 - 1912 1910 Serving as the Ellis Island of the West Coast, Angel Island did not get as good a reputation as the name suggests. It had poor sanitation, harsh questioning, and long detention time, and denied more people than Ellis Island. During the “War of Currents,” George Westinghouse believed that Alternating Current Electricity was the way of the future. Following in Nikola Tesla’s footsteps, Westinghouse received AIEE’s Edison Medal for developing an Alternating Current. 1911 1912 After being jailed for organizing a strike at the Pullman Railroad Company, Eugene V. Debs read the works of Karl Marx, and took interest in the economic and governmental system that Marx had written about. Debs later joined the Socialist Party of America and won 900,000 votes. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ thumb/7/74/Debs_campaign.jpg/300px- Debs_campaign.jpg Originally from Ohio, Orville and Wilbur Wright manufactured bicycles. The brothers always had interest in aeronautical craft, but they weren’t able to achieve this until they created a lightweight combustion engine. This engine fueled their first flight. 1903 http://www.wright-house.com/wright- brothers/wrights/photos/1903-flight- wright-airplane.gif http://cdn.jimonlight.com/wp- content/uploads/2009/10/westinghous e-rotor1.jpg http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/ poets/a_f/angel/arrival.gif