This document discusses course equivalence, transcripts, and credit systems in higher education. It defines course equivalence as how a course from one institution relates to a course from another. It defines a transcript as an inventory of courses taken and grades earned by a student. It defines a credit system as a systematic way of describing an educational program by attaching credits to its components. It also discusses the roles of organizations like the Association of Indian Universities and Indian Nursing Council in evaluating course equivalency and issuing equivalency certificates. It provides guidelines for academic transcripts and discusses semester and credit systems.

2. EQUIVALENCY OF COURSE ---
CREDIT SYSTEM AND TRANSCRIPT
PRINCY FRANCIS M
IST YR MSC(N)
JMCON

3. DEFINITION – COURSE EQUIVALENCE
Course equivalency is the term used in higher
education describing how a course offered by one
college or university relates to a course offered by
another.
Course equivalence refers to the equivalence of
different version of a course.

4. DEFINITION
TRANSCRIPT
A transcript is an inventory of the courses taken and grades
earned of a student throughout a course of study.
CREDIT SYSTEM
A credit system is a systematic way of describing an educational
programme by attaching credits to its components.

5. PRINCIPLE
 Courses are regarded as equivalent if they have the
same intended learning outcomes and consequently the
same graduate profile.
 Equivalent courses should therefore have the same
overall educational aims and assess their achievement at
the same standard.

6. IMPLICATION FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND ASSURANCE OF
STANDARDS
a) Assurance of standards
- Ensure that the same standards are applied in
assessing learning outcomes.
- Ensure that the same standards are required for
achieving pass, credit and higher grades in each course.
b) Course structures and subject material
Equivalent courses need not necessarily have the same
structure, but each structure adopted needs to enable
students to achieve same learning outcomes.

7. IMPLICATION CONT…
C) Admission standards
Equivalent courses should have equivalent overall admission
standard.
d) Teaching standard and support
When external staff are employed ,the faculty concerned
must ensure that these staff are well qualified to teach the
course, taking into account teaching qualification,
experience and teaching ability.

8. IMPLICATION CONT…
 E) Learning environment and support
Faculties offering equivalent courses offshore must ensure
that learning support is provided to enable students to
pursue their studies and achieve the desired learning
outcome of the course.
f) Transfer between equivalent courses
Transfer should be subject to the candidate meeting all
admission requirements of the course they are transferred
into; and subject to approval by the faculty.

9. IMPLICATION CONT…
g) Monitoring and evaluation
For quality monitoring of equivalent courses, the same
assessment standard must apply.

10. Elements for evaluating equivalency
ELEMENTS
METHOD OF
INSTRUCTIO
N
ACADEMIC
RESULTS
TYPE OF
INSTRUCTOR
ACCREDIT
ATION
LENGTH OF
COURSE
DESCRIPTIO
N
NUMBER
OF
MEETINGS
TOTAL
CLASS TIME
LEVEL OF
RIGOR

11. ELEMENT
S
GRADE SCALE
LEARNING
OUTCOME
PRE-
REQUISITIE
S
LEVEL OF
INSTRUCTI
ON
CO-
REQUISITES
TEXTBOOK

12. ROLE OF ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES(AIU)
 Evaluation division
The students are advised to send the following documents for
issuing Equivalency certificate.
• Degree/ certificate together with the year wise academic
transcript duly authenticated by the Indian Embassy in the
country or its concerned foreign mission in India.
• Accreditation status of the university or institute, the student
has last attended.
• Copies of the academic certificates from higher
secondary onwards.

13. ROLE OF ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES(AIU)
Memorandum of understanding
 Arab
Republic Egypt
 Russian Federation

14. Role of Indian Nursing Council
 Section 11(2)(a) INC act 1947
Indian citizens possessing foreign nursing
qualifications are examined individually and
examination of the syllabi and conformation
from foreign authorities, the nurses are
granted approval for registration in India with
the recommendation of equivalence
committee

15. Role of Indian Nursing Council
Section 11(2)(b) of INC Act 1947
The foreign national possessing foreign
qualification can also work in charitable institution
for a limited period with the approval of president
of INC.

16. Role of Kerala University of Health and
Sciences (KUHS)
 Student have to fill an application form for
equivalency certificate and enclose a DD of
Rs.500/- in favour of registrar, copies of degree
certificate, mark list of all semesters/ years,
council registration certificate of respective
council and scheme and syllabus of the course
should be given to the University.

17. TRANSCRIPT
A transcript is an official copy of a student’s
academic record. It records all courses successfully
and unsuccessfully completed and all courses that
were withdrawn after the registration deadline.

18. DEFINITION
Transcript is defined as a written or printed copy, something
transcribed or made by transcribing which is an exact copy or
reproduction, especially one having an official status supplied
by a school or educational institution on the record of an
individual student, listing subjects or grades received.
- Webster’s Encyclopaedic Unabridged Dictionary

19. CONTENT
Identification data
General education at the time of admission
Curriculum for 1st,2nd,3rd and 4th year.
Attendance percentage
Extra-curricular activities
Co-curricular activities

20. USES
 If serves as a record for student accomplishment and part of a
certification process for degree or credential.
 It stimulates faculty, student in institutional goal setting.
 It serves as a motivation to use the student for the self
assessment.
 It serves as a record for attachment and competence, to be
used for the job or future schooling application.
 It is used for the further life planning and stimulate the lifelong
development.

21. FORMAT FOR TRANSCRIPT
Identification data :-
Name of the student :-
Sex :-
Date of birth :-
Name of the course :-
Medium of instruction :-
Date of joining the course :-
Date of completion of the course :-
Permanent address :-

22. FORMAT FOR TRANSCRIPT
Year /
Semester
Subjects Theory hours Practical hours Total hours
prescribed attended prescribe
d
attended prescribe
d
attended

23. Types
 OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT
The official transcript is the type that each program to
which you are applying.
 UNOFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT
An unofficial transcript is all of the same information that is
in an official transcript but it is not sealed.

24. TRANSCRIPT
– Request for transcript
The students are the only one who can request for transcripts.
Attested copy will be attested for issue. The transcript card request
may be attested by the Dean/ UG Coordinator.
– Time duration taken for a transcript
Transcript are normally sent out in 3-10 working days. However,
during peak periods, it can take up to 11-15 working days.

25. Guidelines for academic Transcript
 The academic transcript should reflect the total academic
history of the student at the institution. All courses should
be recorded in the academic period in which the course was
taken and graded.
 The essential elements of the academic transcript include
Name of the institutions
Withdrawal data
Course identification number and title
Credit hours for each course
Units of credit

26. Guidelines for academic Transcript cont….
Grade in each course
Summary of the transfer credit accepted
Name of the institutions from which the credit is accepted
Any instances of academic, suspension or dismissal
Date and title of degree awarded
Date degree is conferred
Programme studied.
Date of issue of the transcript
Date of last entry to the transcript

27. Guidelines for academic Transcript cont….
 Each student should have a unique identification number that is
recorded on the transcript.
 It is essential that transcript include notation of any academic
suspension or dismissal since this is an academic action that
interrupts since this is an academic action that interrupts the
students continued enrolment. Similarly, a suspension for
academic misconduct should be included on the transcript.

28. Guidelines for academic Transcript cont….
 Where a student dismissed, the transcript should record the initial date
of dismissal. If there is a subsequent appeal, the result of this appeal and
date of this decision should be recorded as well. If the student is
permitted to continue in the curriculum pending the outcome of an
appeal, this should be noted on the transcript with a foot note.
 The transcript should include the title and the number for each course
taken by the student and should show the academic period in which the
course taken.

29. NATIONALTRANSCRIPTION CENTER
■ National transcript center was established to improve the
efficiency, reliability, cost and security of academic
transcript exchange, state education agencies, colleges
and universities and co-academic organisations.
■ National transcript center is the largest electronic
transcript provider in the world, serving more than 25,000
institutions representing 15 million students in USA.

30. CREDIT SYSTEM
•A credit system is a systematic way of describing an
educational programme by attaching credits to its
components.
•The credit system requires that a student
progresses in her academic programs not in terms
of time (years or semester); but in terms of courses.

31. SEMESTER SYSTEM
•The semester is defined as a unit for expressing
quantitatively the content of a course at the level of higher
education
•The semester system is a greater reliance of home study.
•Credit and Semester hours are used interchangeably.
•A student earns one credit by attending one 50mts period
of lecture class instruction and doing 2-3hrs of home study
, each week throughout one semester(15-18 weeks).

32. Significance of credit system
•Beneficial for achieving more transparency
and compatibility between different
educational structures
•Facilitate recognition procedures
•Open the possibility for flexible learning
paths and thus facilitates the access to
higher education for non-educational
learners.

33. TYPES OF CREDIT SYSTEMS
A. Australian credits
Each university calculates the credits according to workload
number of study hours per each course.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), or credit transfer, refers to
the recognition of informal and formal training, work
experience, professional development, and other training.
 Credit transfer is available for both undergraduate and
postgraduate programs.
 The Australian Government organisation National Office of
Overseas Skills Recognition (NOOSR) helps Australian
institutions to recognise qualifications from overseas.

34. B. SEMESTER CREDIT HOURS (SCH) AND
QUARTER CREDITS - AMERICAN CREDITS
• A semester credit hour (SCH) is 15-16 contact hours
per semester.
• Most higher education courses are 3 semester Credit
Hours or 45-48 contact hours.
• Faculty at research universities typically have an official
teaching load of 12 SCH per semester.
• Credit for laboratory and practice oriented courses is
usually less than for lectures.

35. C. ECTS - EUROPEAN CREDITS
•ECTS is a student- centred system based on
the student workload required to achieve
the objectives of a programme, objectives
preferably specified in terms of learning
outcomes and competences to be acquired.

36. CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS)
•CBCS is an instructional package developed to suit
the needs of the students to keep pace with the
developments in higher education and quality
assurance expected of it in light of liberalization and
globalization in higher education.

37. ADVANTAGESOFCREDITSYSTEM
Earn credits at her own pace
Flexibility
Recognition of learning, wherever it is achieved.
Keep track of student process and determine when he or she has
met the requirements for awarding a specific academic degree.
Offer a good estimate of the workload of a programme and how it
is distributed between the different higher education activities.
Act as proof of previous studies when looking for a job.

38. CREDIT SYSTEM IN INDIA
Choice based credit system is an initiative for Indian
universities by UGC to adopt a liberal system.
It is in conjunction with the semester and grading
system and the potential to improve the Indian higher
education system.
Mainly used in university results and in engineering
colleges.

39. RECOMMENDATION
OF
CREDIT BY
UGC
Choice Based Credit System
(CBCS)
Credit Based Semester System
(CBSS)
Credit Points.
Cumulative Grade Point
Average (CGPA).
Grade Point.
Letter Grade.

40. Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
 The CBCS provides choice for students to select from
the prescribed courses (core, elective or minor or soft
skill courses).
Cafeteria type approach
The students can take courses of their choice, learn at
their own pace, undergo additional courses and
acquire more than the required credits, and adopt
an interdisciplinary approach to learning.

41. Credit Based Semester System (CBSS)
 Under the CBSS, the requirement for awarding a degree or
diploma or certificate is prescribed in terms of number of
credits to be completed by the students.
 The semester system accelerates the teaching-learning
process and enables vertical and horizontal mobility in
learning.
 The credit based semester system provides flexibility in
designing curriculum and assigning credits based on the
course content and hours of teaching.

42. CGPA &SGPA
Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)
 It is a measure of overall cumulative performance of a student over all semesters.
The CGPA is the ratio of total credit points secured by a student in various
courses in all semesters and the sum of the total credits of all courses in all the
semesters.
Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA)
 It is a measure of performance of work done in a semester.
 It is ratio of total credit points secured by a student in various courses registered
in a semester and the total course credits taken during that semester.

43. Grade Point
Introduced with the Choice Based Credit System
(CBCS) Reforms of 2015
 UGC 10-point Grading Scale
It is a numerical weight allotted to each letter grade
on a 10-point scale.

44. Grade Point
GRADE POINT
O (Outstanding) 10
A+ (Excellent) 9
A (Very Good) 8
B+ (Good) 7
B (Above Average) 6
C (Average) 5
P (Pass) 4
F (Fail) 0
Ab (Absent) 0

45. LETTER GRADE
It is an index of the performance of students in a said course.
Grades are denoted by letters O, A+, A, B+, B, C, P and F

46. GRADE SCALE GRADE
DESCRIPTION
A+ 10 Outstanding
A 9 - 9.99 Excellent
B+ 8 - 8.99 Very Good
B 7 - 7.99 Good
C 6 - 6.99 Pass
P 5 - 5.99 Pass
F 0 - 4.99 Fail

47. CREDIT POINTS – NCERT VIEW
One credit course normally implies class instructions of 50-
60 minutes supplemented by 2-3 hrs of study at home per
week, throughout the semester. Usually semester courses
carry 2-4 credits each.

48. CREDIT POINTS – NCERT VIEW CONT….
A student earns credit in a hours after he/she has;
Attended the minimum number of prescribed lectures
including tutorials, seminars etc, delivered or practical
including lab, field work conducted.
Obtained not less than minimum percentage of marks/grades
reserved for semester examination in that course.
Obtained not less than minimum percentage of marks/grades
reserved for internal assessment.

49. COMPUTATION OF SGPA
The SGPA is the ratio of sum of the product of the number of
credits with the grade points scored by a student in all the courses
taken by a student and the sum of the number of credits of all the
courses undergone by a student, i.e
SGPA (Si) = ∑(Ci x Gi) / ∑Ci
where Ci is the number of credits of the ith course and Gi
is the grade point scored by the student in the ith course.

50. COMPUTATION OF CGPA
 The CGPA is also calculated in the same manner taking into account all
the courses undergone by a student over all the semesters of a
programme, i.e.
CGPA = ∑(Ci x Si) / ∑ Ci
where Si is the SGPA of the ith semester and Ci is the total number of
credits in that semester.
 The SGPA and CGPA shall be rounded off to 2 decimal points and
reported in the transcripts.

51. APPLICATION IN NURSING FIELD
TRANSCRIPT SYSTEM - Because of the compulsory
courses and practical hours, transcript system is easy to follow
CREDIT SYSTEM is also used in Nursing programme in
abroad

52. JOURNAL ABSTRACT
Choice-Based Credit System in India: Pros and Cons
 Ensuring uniformity in Education System, especially at Under-
Graduate level, Choice-Based Credit System has been confirmed
mandatory. But the nature of Indian education system is much diverse
and encompasses inherent problems of diversity in implementing the
uniform system of evaluation. So, quality is the major concern of the
present higher education which could be judged and assessed only by
the universally acclaimed system of evaluation and this could be
possible through the CBCS. Indian education system is expected to
go under reformatory process. However, UGC has confirmed
compulsory that CBCS to be implemented across the National level.
Undoubtedly, it would cast positive effect on the higher education
system.

53. Choice-Based Credit System in India: Pros and Cons
 But, India is a giant country in terms of education system which is
consisted of primary, secondary and tertiary education, i.e. higher
education. However, it has been assumed that implementation of CBCS
would have been succeeded in equalising the higher education system
through the uniform evaluation system. Flexibility in choosing credits,
opting different soft course, mobility of students and common syllabi are
the major features of CBCS. But the existing variability and differences
between Central University, State University and Colleges in terms of
efficient teachers, academic environment, infrastructure etc would pose
problem in the success of it. Therefore, it should be better for
educationists and policy makers to go with the having open debates,
seminars and conferences as well as go through the basic nuances of
CBCS and its implications to the broader perspectives.

54. JOURNAL ABSTRACT
Is that what I Said?’ Interview Transcript Approval by Participants: An Aspect
of Ethics in Qualitative Research.
• This article deals with insights gained from data analysis of feedback comments on
transcripts sent to interviewees. It contributes to understanding of the quality of the
transcripts, and thus on the quality of research. The transfer of the transcripts to the
interviewees was intended to validate the transcripts, to preserve research ethics,
and to empower the interviewees by allowing them control of what was written.
Interviewee responses related to the ratification of content, the authenticity of that
which was said during the interview, corrections of language, additional
clarifications, power interactions and changes in the balance of power between the
interviewer and interviewees, feelings of embarrassment and threat, research ethics,
and reflective responses.

55. ASSIGNMENT
•Write an assignment on “Preparation of Credit
System in Nursing.”

56. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Basheer PS. Textbook of nursing education. Bangalore :EMMESS
publication;2015.
• Sudha R. Nursing education principles and concepts. New Delhi:
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2013.
• Sharma CM. Textbook of nursing education (communication and
educational technology). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers; 2013.
• Bhat MS. Choice based credit system: the path ahead. The
Hindu.2017,December, 27.