The document discusses different types of corruption including grand corruption, petty corruption, and political corruption. It defines these terms and provides examples. The document also outlines various methods of corruption such as bribery, favoritism, embezzlement, theft, fraud, and tax evasion. It discusses sectors impacted by corruption and presents facts about corruption in India, the effects of corruption, and ways to fight corruption.

1. Presented By:
Aakreeti
Bikram Kumar Mandal
Bikas Chandra Sadashiv

2. Corruption
Spiritual or moral impurity or deviation
from an ideal
Dishonest conduct by those in power
Misuse of official power for personal
gain

3. Types of corruption
• Grand corruption
• Petty corruption
• Political Corruption

4. Grand corruption
 corruption occurring at the highest levels of
government
 enabling leaders to benefit at the expense of
the public good
 countries without adequate policing of
corruption by anti-corruption agencies.

5. Petty corruption
 occurs within established social frameworks
and governing norms
 include exchange of small gifts or use of
personal connections
 common in developing countries

6. Political Corruption
 Use of power by government officials for
private gain
 Misuse of government power for other
purposes, such as repression of political
opponents is not considered political
corruption

7. Different Sectors
 Government/Public Sector
 Legislative System (Political)
 Executive System (Police)
 Judiciary System
 Corporate
 Unions
 Non-Government Organizations

8. Methods
Bribery
Favouritism
Embezzlement, theft and fraud
Tax evasion

9. Bribery
Common form of corruption
Improper use of gifts and favours in
exchange for personal gain
Include money, gifts, sexual favours,
company shares, entertainment,
employment and political benefits

10. Favouritism
 Involve the favouring a friend, family
member or member of an association
 Examples include choosing somebody for a
role they are not qualified for, regardless of
merit

11. Embezzlement, theft and fraud
 Embezzlement and theft involve someone
with access to funds or assets illegally taking
control of them
 Fraud involves using deception to convince
the owner of funds or assets to give them up
to an unauthorized party.

12. Tax evasion
 An illegal practice where a person,
organization or corporation intentionally
avoids paying his/her/its true tax liability
 Under-reporting income
 Providing false information to the IRS about
business income or expenses

13. Facts
 In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176
countries in Transparency International's
Corruption Perceptions Index**, Scoring 36
out of 100
 A 2005 study conducted by Transparency
International found that more than 62% of
Indians had first-hand experience of paying
bribes or influence peddling to get jobs
done in public offices successfully
**The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries/territories based on how corrupt
a country’s public sector is perceived to be.

14. Effects
Inflation
Inferior public infrastructure
Loss of faith in democracy
Environmental degradation

15. Ways to fight corruption
Educating common people
Bringing awareness among people
Strict laws
Protecting whistleblowers