corruption ,types of corruptions: ,forms of corruption: ,effects of corruption: ,causes of corruption ,corruption rate in pakistan ,how to remove corruption
corruption ,types of corruptions: ,forms of corruption: ,effects of corruption: ,causes of corruption ,corruption rate in pakistan ,how to remove corruption
This is a primer for those anti-corruption crusaders who need just a little more info on this monster to fight a more effective battle and argue with government representatives on the Lokpal Bill or any other similar matter. I wish I could too!
What is Corruption :
corruption can occur in difference scales. There is corruption that occurs as small fvours between a small number of people, corruption that affects the govt. on a large scale and corruption that is so prevalent that it is part of the everyday structure of society
Scales of Corruption :
There are three types of corruption. Given below
1.petty corruption – petty corruption occur at a smaller scale and with in established social farm works and governing firms
2.Grand corruption - Grand is defined as corruption occurring at the highest levels of government in a way that requires significant subversion of the political legal and economic system
3. Systemic corruption – Systemic corruption is corruption which is primirally due to the weakness of an organization or process
corruption in different sectors :
There are five types of corruption we can see in different sector of in our country. Such as govt/ public sector, political corruption, judicial corruption, police corruption, Unions.
Now we describe Public sector and political sectors corruption
1.Govt. corruption : Day by day corruption increase in GOVT. sector because of some corrupted officer’s and people’s. public sector corruption includes corruption of the political process and of government agencies such as the police as well as corruption in process of allocating public funds for contracts grants and hiring “ recent research by the world bank suggests that who makes policy decisions ( elected official or bureaucrats ) can be critical in determining the level of corruption because of the incentives different policy-makers face”
2. Political corruption – Political corruption is the abuse of public power, office or resources by elected government officials for personal gain a political cartoon from Harper’s weekly Janary 26th 1878 depicting U.S . secretary of the interior Carl Schurz investigating the Indian Bureau at the U.S department of the interior. The original caption for the cartoon is “ THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR INVESTIGATING THE INDIAN BUREAU. GIVE HIM HIS DUE AND GIVE THEM THEIR DUES”
Causes of corruption -
cause of corruption are basically rotted deep into the political culture of BANGLADESH also due to the mass psychology under this types of political rule mass people of BANGLADESH are mostly illiterate, uneducated and there are common cause of corruption that is lack of civic senses.
Effect of corruption –
There is a bad effect of corruption in our country. Many people of our country are hampered from corruption now in our country every sectors are corrupted by some people who try to take the advantage from this and for this reason our government our economic system are hampered and for this reason we are TWO times champion in corruption. That is so insulting for our country, for corruption our country can not prosper. Bangladesh is a lower developing country and for corruption there are
This is a primer for those anti-corruption crusaders who need just a little more info on this monster to fight a more effective battle and argue with government representatives on the Lokpal Bill or any other similar matter. I wish I could too!
What is Corruption :
corruption can occur in difference scales. There is corruption that occurs as small fvours between a small number of people, corruption that affects the govt. on a large scale and corruption that is so prevalent that it is part of the everyday structure of society
Scales of Corruption :
There are three types of corruption. Given below
1.petty corruption – petty corruption occur at a smaller scale and with in established social farm works and governing firms
2.Grand corruption - Grand is defined as corruption occurring at the highest levels of government in a way that requires significant subversion of the political legal and economic system
3. Systemic corruption – Systemic corruption is corruption which is primirally due to the weakness of an organization or process
corruption in different sectors :
There are five types of corruption we can see in different sector of in our country. Such as govt/ public sector, political corruption, judicial corruption, police corruption, Unions.
Now we describe Public sector and political sectors corruption
1.Govt. corruption : Day by day corruption increase in GOVT. sector because of some corrupted officer’s and people’s. public sector corruption includes corruption of the political process and of government agencies such as the police as well as corruption in process of allocating public funds for contracts grants and hiring “ recent research by the world bank suggests that who makes policy decisions ( elected official or bureaucrats ) can be critical in determining the level of corruption because of the incentives different policy-makers face”
2. Political corruption – Political corruption is the abuse of public power, office or resources by elected government officials for personal gain a political cartoon from Harper’s weekly Janary 26th 1878 depicting U.S . secretary of the interior Carl Schurz investigating the Indian Bureau at the U.S department of the interior. The original caption for the cartoon is “ THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR INVESTIGATING THE INDIAN BUREAU. GIVE HIM HIS DUE AND GIVE THEM THEIR DUES”
Causes of corruption -
cause of corruption are basically rotted deep into the political culture of BANGLADESH also due to the mass psychology under this types of political rule mass people of BANGLADESH are mostly illiterate, uneducated and there are common cause of corruption that is lack of civic senses.
Effect of corruption –
There is a bad effect of corruption in our country. Many people of our country are hampered from corruption now in our country every sectors are corrupted by some people who try to take the advantage from this and for this reason our government our economic system are hampered and for this reason we are TWO times champion in corruption. That is so insulting for our country, for corruption our country can not prosper. Bangladesh is a lower developing country and for corruption there are
Running head CORRUPTION 5CorruptionAuthor’s Na.docxtodd271
Running head: CORRUPTION 5
Corruption
Author’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Corruption
Introduction
Corruption is a significant crisis that kills the power of the constitution. Corruption diminishes the power of the society, economy, and social welfare of the nation. There are minimal chances of growth when corruption prevails. Thus, corruption is one of the biggest challenges facing the USA and is clearly shown by the form of administration. Factors that influence corruption is more, and the effect varies depending on the affected individuals. Typical corruption forms have taken way to inform of mishandling of policies, public funds misuse, and failure to submit to public growth projects. Current reports show that corruption is prevalent in many public sectors including but not limited to bribing of civil servants, misuse of political power, and bureaucrats using public power in the United States for a personal end.
Solution
s
Fighting corruption is a challenging task because individuals involved have either political or economic power this providing ways to manipulate the will of the weak. Regardless the report highlights possible ways to solve the issue of corruption while giving recommendations for implementation. First, it is possible to address corruption by engaging the public. Teaching the public about the effect of corruption would help combat the problem. That is, each person should be encouraged to follow the norms of the society and laws of the land (Olaguer, 2006). Following stands of morality would ensure that each person is watchful of individuals’ behaviors. Also, the public should learn how to spot instances of corruption and take necessary action when necessary. When the public is knowledgeable about the consequences of corruption, it is easier to engage in public participation in fighting the epidemic.
Next, corruption can be eradicated by employing a legal strategy. The process involves engaging the law, the judiciary, press, the police, and the media. By creating certainty and involving the bodies mention, it would be easier to discriminate corruption through justice. The legislature should be encouraged to review the laws and make clear the aspect of corrupt and corruption. Although the process might require more time, it would help understand when an individual is convicted of corruption (Heimann et al., 2008). Furthermore, the public should have the power to report against corrupt individuals in society without fear. While the legislature revises the laws, judicial civil servants would have the ability to sentence people from various social classes irrespective of their impact on society.
Third, decentralization of power is an essential step towards fighting corruption in the USA. This would give way for more transparency in the public sectors, procurement process, and budget process should be passed through mass media.
Best solution
Based on the time required to implement solutions, public participat.
FIVE TENDENCIES OF TODAY’S CORRUPTION AND ANTICORRUPTION POLICIES
Luís de Sousa, Chairman TIAC (TI-Portugal) and Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Aveiro (lmsousa@ua.pt)
Work in progress, please do not cite without author's permission
THINKING ON HOW TO KILL THE KILLER BEFORE HE KILLS US ALL WHO IS THE KILLER? ...PROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA
INTRODUCTION
Who is or what is the true Killer of African People? This question has being playing on my mind for years’ and years to months and months to weeks and to days. Well today is the day I attempted to search for answers and to know the true killer of my African People. This article will attempts to suggest some of the killers or what killers African People. This article is not the final answers to the entire Problem. However, I intended to limit the discussions on Political Corruption as one of the main factors that kills everything in the hands of African. So let look at some definitions and characteristics of Political Corruption and its effect in our social-economic development of Africa.
For the purpose of this article I will define corruption and the type of corruption we have
PART 1. Corruption: Its Meaning, Type, and Real-World Example
Introduction Corruption has recently been the subject of substantial theorizing and empirical research, and this has produced a bewildering array of alternative approaches, explanations, typologies and remedies. Corruption is understood as everything from the paying of bribes to civil servants and the simple theft of public purses, to a wide range of dubious economic and political practices in which businesspeople, politicians and bureaucrats enrich themselves. The issue of corruption is an old one, that has re-entered the current political and economic debate from the new interest in the role of the state in the developing world, and from the assumption that the state is an indispensable instrument for economic development, redistribution and welfare. In contrast to the largely rejected “state-dominated” and “state-less” development models, there is now much consensus on the need for an efficient medium-sized state apparatus with a political will and adequate economic policies to ensure economic development. Corruption is seen as counter-productive to the needed economic and political reforms, accountability, transparency, and good governance. The intention of this paper is to classify the various forms of corruption in order to operationalize the concept for analytical and practical purposes. First, different forms of corruption will be outlined. Secondly, corruption will be defined as a particular state-society relationship, and the distinction made between political corruption and bureaucratic corruption. Then two more distinctions will be added, namely between “individual” and “collective” forms of corruption, and corruption as a mechanism of either “upward extraction” or “downward redistribution”. This will sum up to the basic argument that the fight against corruption will have to be placed within a broader agenda of democratization.
Bortoletti, what is corruption?, commissione europea, ipa zagabria 21 23 no...Maurizio Bortoletti
It does not seem strange, well, that's about to keep talking for a long time, sometimes with great emphasis to emphasize the decisive importance for the future of the country, but has failed to any concrete results: quite simply, it's about warning because the recruitment and promotion of the most capable introduce an intolerable element of unpredictability in the system and it is an attack on the right of co-optation. Well, that system - recalling Paolo Mancini in "In Praise of the subdivision" - which is like a twin sister, but much more palatable, the proverbial "sora camilla" nobody wants, but if everyone seize, still in the dark and silence, with the exception that denounce the subdivision of others, looking good from admitting that if they purloin some even their place of power but would not have been parcelling exercise of pluralism.
The algerian economy governed by black corruption an empirical study from 200...sissanim
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to highlight the concept of corruption and analyses our cumulative knowledge about corruption’s effects on the economic growth in Algeria during the period 2002–2015. This article emphasizes the major source of corruption and how the quality of institutions and government policies could mitigate the risk of corruption or increase it. The findings also show the great role of free media in most developing countries which created a new tendency to talk about the effects of corruption especially in recent years. Using a multiple regression model, we find that a 1% decrease in the corruption index CPI level increases the GDP growth rate by approximately 2,005%. The analysis also revealed that there is a negative relationship between the country rank and the economic growth. Finally, the results suggest that more economic freedom, social and political stability lead to less corruption.
The algerian economy governed by black corruption an empirical study from 200...sissanim
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to highlight the concept of corruption and analyses our cumulative knowledge about corruption’s effects on the economic growth in Algeria during the period 2002–2015. This article emphasizes the major source of corruption and how the quality of institutions and government policies could mitigate the risk of corruption or increase it. The findings also show the great role of free media in most developing countries which created a new tendency to talk about the effects of corruption especially in recent years. Using a multiple regression model, we find that a 1% decrease in the corruption index CPI level increases the GDP growth rate by approximately 2,005%. The analysis also revealed that there is a negative relationship between the country rank and the economic growth. Finally, the results suggest that more economic freedom, social and political stability lead to less corruption.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
2. CORRUPTION
What is corruption ?
What are the types of corruption?
What are the common characteristics of corruption?
Has globalisation increase the risk of corruption ?
What role can the media play in tackling corruption ?
What should government do to make anticorruption agencies effective ?
Impact of corruption.
How to remove corruption.
3. What is corruption?
Corruption is wrongdoing on the part of an authority or powerful party
through means that are illegitimate, immoral, or incompatible with
ethical standards. Corruption often from patronage and is associated with
bribery.
4. What are the types of
corruption?
1. Petty corruption
2. State corruption
5. Petty corruption
Petty corruption refers to everyday abuse of entrusted power by low and
mid-level public officials in their interactions with ordinary citizens, who
often are trying to access basic goods or services in places like hospitals,
schools, police departments and other agencies.
6. State corruption
Political Corruption Law and Legal Definition. ... Political corruption can be of
two forms. The first one is which includes both accumulation and extraction
and where government officials use and abuse their hold on power to extract
from the private sector, from government revenues, and from the economy
at large.
7. The following are the most common forms of
corruption, as described in the United Nation
Anticorruption Toolkit:
Bribery
Embezzlement, theft and fraud
Extortion
Abuse of discretion
Favouritism, nepotism and clientelism
Conduct creating or exploiting conflicting interests
Improper political contributions
8. What are the common characteristics of corruption?
Gap between group and individual interest
Two or more parties since one can hardly be corrupt with one’s own self
Consenting adults that have a common understanding
Benefit furtherance
Existence of power that could be grabbed, usurped, entrusted or otherwise
available
Misuse of the power that often drives a wedge between intended and stated
positions, for unintended benefits.
9. Has globalization increased the risk of corruption?
Globalization has increased the risk of corruption but has also increased the
opportunities to curb it.
10. What role can the media play in tackling corruption?
The media can serve many important functions, not just exposing corruption
but also sustaining an open and transparent flow of information and fostering
a climate of opinion that is increasingly intolerant of corruption.
11. What should governments do to make anticorruption
agencies effective?
An important factor is where the anti-corruption agency (ACA) or KPK
(Indonesian: Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi) is located in government; if it
reports to the office of the prime minister, for example, it can be used as a
weapon against political opponents. Ideally the KPK should be a completely
independent body.
12. There are a number of common options from the
Reports seven-point agenda which can make anti-
corruption agencies more effective:
Join with international efforts
Establish benchmarks of quality
Strengthen the civil service
Encourage codes of conduct in the private sector
Establish the right to information
Exploit new technology
Support citizen action
13. Impact Of Corruption
Hinders social and economic development and increases poverty by diverting
domestic and foreign investment away from where it are most needed.
Weakens education and health systems, depriving people of the basic
building blocks of a decent life.
Undermines democracy by distorting electoral processes and undermining
government institutions, which can lead to political instability.
Exacerbates inequality and injustice by perverting the rule of law and
punishing victims of crime through corrupt rulings.
14. How to remove corruption
Laws fixing accountability and encouraging transparency combined with
efficient judiciary and free press provide ideal atmosphere to tackle the
menace of corruption
15. Conclusion
Corruption, as we know is the criminal thing that do by a person in a certain
capacity especially with negative connotation, they do the illegal thing to
make a benefit for them self.
We can difference corruption into 2 classes. First is Petty corruption, its a
kind of corruption where did by some people in a little capacity, they do a
little corruption, but they do that many times. The other cases of corruption
is State capture refers to a situation in which private interest has effectively
taken over certain state functions, a type of corruption generally less
understood by the public or by the media.
16. Conclusion
So, corruption is an illegal thing that we couldn’t do, because, with out
corruption we can be a good generation for our country. And then we can
make our country clear from corruption and make our country better.