artificial intelligence, with animations,picture, 100% perfect

2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
PRESENTED BY-
BIKAS CHANDRA SADASHIV

3. Contents
Introduction
History of Artificial Intelligence
Why AI
How Does AI Works??
Goals or Field
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Future
Conclusion

4. Introduction
Intelligence: “ability to learn, understand and think”
(Oxford dictionary),
‘AI’ is how to make computers do things like human,
It is a branch of Science which deals with helping
machines finds solutions to complex problems in a
more human-like fashion,
Involves borrowing characteristics from human
intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a
computer friendly way.

5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
INCLUDES
 People
 Procedures
 Hardware, software and data knowledge needed to
develop computer systems and machines that
demonstrate characteristics of intelligence.

6. Brief History of A I
Earliest work in the field of artificial intelligence was
done in the mid 20th century.
 The English Alan Turing may have been the first
He describes a computing machine that consists of
limitless memory
1941: First electronic computer (technology finally
available )

7. Brief History of A I
 1956 John McCarthy coined the term artificial
intelligence.
He defines it as “the science and engineering of making
intelligent machines”
He also invented the Lisp Language
1960s: Checkers-playing program that was able to play
games with opponents
2000: First sophisticated walking robot

8. WHY A I?
Computers are fundamentally
well suited to perform mechanical
computations, using fixed
programmed rules.
This allows artificial machines to
perform simple monotonous tasks
efficiently and reliably, which
humans are ill-suited to. `

9. LIMITATIONS OF HUMAN MIND
 Object recognition: People cannot properly
explain how they recognize objects.
 Face recognition: Cannot be passed on to
another person by explanation.
 Naming of colours: Based on learning, not
on absolute standards.

10. How Does AI Works??
 Artificial intelligence works with
the help of -
 Artificial Neurons (Artificial Neural
Network) And
 Scientific theorems(If-Then
Statements, Logics)

11. What is Neural Networking??
Artificial neural networks are composed of interconnecting artificial
neurons (programming constructs that mimic the properties of
biological neurons).

12. Dendrites: Accepts Inputs
Soma: Processes the Inputs
Axon: Turns the processed inputs into
outputs
Synapses: The electrochemical contact between
neurons

14. Goals or fields of AI
 Deduction, reasoning, problem solving.
 Knowledge representation.
 Planning.
 Learning.
 Natural language processing.
 Motion and manipulation.
 Perception.
 Social intelligence.
 Creativity.
 General intelligence.

15. APPLICATIONS OF A I
 Expert systems.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP).
 Speech recognition.
 Computer vision.
 Robotics.

16. EXPERT SYSTEMS
 An Expert System is a computer program designed to
act as an expert in a particular domain (area of expertise)
Phases in Expert System
 Expert systems currently are designed to assist experts,
not to replace them, They have been used in medical
diagnosis, chemical analysis, geological explorations etc.
Applications of Expert Systems
 Used by geologists to identify sites for drilling or mining
 PUFF:Medical system for diagnosis of respiratory
conditions

17. Natural Language Processing
The goal of NLP is to enable people and computers
to communicate in a natural (humanly)
language(such as, English) rather than in a
computer language.
The field of NLP is divided in 2 categories—
Natural Language understanding.
 Natural Language generation.

18. Speech Recognition
The goal of speech recognition research is to
allow computers to understand human speech.
So that they can hear our voices and recognize
the words we are speaking.
 It simplifies the process of interactive
communication between people and
computers, thus it advances the goal of NLP.

19. Computer Vision
People generally use vision as their primary
means of sensing their environment, we generally
see more than we hear, feel or smell or taste.
The goal of computer vision research is to give
computers this same powerful facility for
understanding their surrounding. Here A.I helps
computer to understand what they see through
attached cameras.

20. ROBOTICS
A Robot is a electro-mechanical device that
can by programmed to perform manual
tasks or a reprogrammable multi functional
manipulator designed to move materials,
parts, tools, or specialized devices through
variable programmed motions for
performance of variety of tasks.
An ‘intelligent’ robot includes some kind
of sensory apparatus that allows it to
respond to change in it’s environment

21. Artificial Intelligence VS Conventional Computing
AI software uses the
techniques of search and
pattern matching
Programmers design AI
software to give the
computer only the
problem, not the steps
necessary to solve it
Conventional computer
software follow a logical series of
steps to reach a conclusion
Computer programmers
originally designed software that
accomplished tasks by
completing algorithms

24. Advantages
Ability to simulate human behaviour and cognitive processes
Capture and preserve human expertise Fast Response.
The ability to comprehend large amounts of data quickly.
A knowledge based expert system, which can cross-reference
symptoms and diseases will greatly improve the accuracy of
diagnostics.
Object recognition will also be a great aid to doctors.
Along with images from cats cans or X-ray machines, they will be
able to get preliminary analysis of those images.

25. Disadvantages• .
Self-modifying, when combined
with self-replicating, can lead to
dangerous, unexpected results, such
as a new and frequently mutating
computer virus.
No “common sense”.
Cannot readily deal with “mixed”
knowledge.
May have high development costs.
Raise legal and ethical concerns

26. FUTURE (+)
The day is not far when you will just sit back in your
cozy little beds and just command your personal Robot's
to entirely do your ruts . He will be a perfect companion
for you. Just enjoy the Technology.

27. Future (-)
But wait, don’t be happy. . !
It may end in other way too. Some day there will be a
knock to your door. As you open it, you see a large
number of Robots marching into your house destroying
everything you own and looting you.
This is because ever since there is an advantage in
the Technology, it attracts anti-social elements. This is
true for Robots too. Because now they will have full
power to think as human, even as of anti-social
elements. So think trice before giving them power of
Cognition.

28. Conclusion
In it’s short existence, AI has increased understanding
of the nature of intelligence and provided an
impressive array of application in a wide range of
areas. It has sharpened understanding of human
reasoning, and of the nature of intelligence in general.
At the same time, it has revealed the complexity of
modeling human reasoning providing new areas and
rich challenges for the future.

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