It's all about how to remove extortionary corruption and how to empowering citizens of India.

1. -Key to
Empowering the Indian
Citizen

2. PREPARED BY:
DHRUVIN PATEL(11BEE021),
ELECTRICAL ENG. DEPARTMENT,
IT-NU.

3. Contents:
 Introduction.
 What is extortionary corruption?
 Causes.
 Responsible for extortionary
corruption.
 Effects.
Prevention.
 Conclusion.

4.  The word “corruption” is very simple to spell
but is extremely complicated to understand.
 Technically, corruption is any kind of act of self-
interest of using public services illegally.
 Corruption is synonymous to bribery,
immorality, wickedness etc.
 Relating to morality it can be stated with an
example that if you give 5 extra minute to a
sick student in exam then it is against rule but
is not a kind of corruption but if you give 4 extra
minutes for rupees then it is a kind of
corruption.
Introduction:

5.  Corruption is not always visible but is
always observable.
 It means that corruption is an expression
with or with out visibility which has an
effectiveness on our life.
 For example, shopkeepers often buffer
the stocks, with a hope to earn future
benefits it may or may be visible but
effects us in the future desired by
monopolisation.
 “Corruption is authority plus monopoly
minus transparency.”

6. Types of corruption:
1) Extortionary corruption
2) Collusive corruption
In collusive corruption:
 Paid to public authority to fleece the general public
 Loser here is the general public as cost of public
service goes up and efficiency goes down.
 All big scams that we hear about are of this type.
 Does not affect the common man in his day to day
life but is somehow effective in character.
 like 2-G scams, adarsh housing, CWG scams,
BOFORS scam etc.

7. Extortionary corruption?
 The middle class family and people who are
under poverty line are most suffering through
extortionary corruption.
 They have no choice otherwise they have to
waste their time, money, opportunities if
they deny bribe.
 It is Forced primarily by government bodies
and enforcement agencies.
 It has been Less talked about and not
highlighted by media since sum involved in
individual cases is much less though adds up
to a humungous total to corruption in India.

8.  It is absent in most developed countries.
 It has been seen more in developing and
under-developed countries
 Mostly seen in India, Mexico, Thailand,
Pakistan, Russia, UK etc.
 As per transparency international
“The misuse of entrusted power for
private gain crossing the
impractical
laws is known as extortionary
corruption”
 Causes:
 impractical laws

9. Where we see “Extortionary
corruption” in daily life?
 The amount paid for any clearance from the
municipal department as well as district
offices and state offices .
 The commission paid for getting water
connection, gas connection etc.
 The extra money paid to get your property tax
sorted out.
 The extra amount paid for getting driving
licence of vehicles instantly.
 The amount paid for getting income
certificate and backward class certificate in
TDO offices as well as magistrate offices.

10.  If we want to meet our relative in jail, we have to
give some amount to jailer.
 Traffic polices take money which is more than
decided by government if we break any traffic
rules.
 Even in schools, hostels also, for getting
admission we have to pay more money to the
trust.
 In public or competitive exams, people have to
pay money for passing it as well as getting high
rank.
 For illegal construction, people pays high
amount.
 In hospitals, for instantly service of treatment
people have to pay extra money.

11. Causes for extortionary
corruption:
 The main cause of extortionary corruption
is the imbalance between availability and
requirement.
 When we require a thing if it is available in
abundance or with ease, we pay the just
price.
 But in case it is fewer in number, we try to
adopt other means to procure it, leading to
corruption.
 On the other side of the coin if the person
extending service is having enough

12.  Second question is resultant of the first.
Once a person gets the taste of easy
money he gets addicted to it.
 Initially it is his need and later it becomes
his practice. It is due to this addiction that
they amass huge amounts and dump it in
foreign banks.

13. There could be indefinite causes of extortionary
corruption in this world. There is no one who do not do
it, but it could vary from small grades to higher ones.
Major causes can be as follows:-
1)Loop holes:
There are many loop holes in our system which is taken as
advantage by people to exploit them by every means. Right
from the private offices to public offices people know the loop
holes and the lack of administrative rules and hence leads to
extortionary corruption.
2)Illiteracy
Most of the people in India do not know about there powers
as a citizen. They themselves becomes helpless while
dealing to other people as they are unaware of the working
system. If they are fair and know how the system works there
is no one who can cheat them and exploit them.

14. 3)Impatient
Many of us are impatient and try to break the
rules and regulation.
For example we try to break traffic rules while
travelling on road and further try to bribe
officials to avoid the challans. So we must
adhere to legal rules and if we are guilty then
we should follow the challan procedure and not
try to bribe officials.
4)Greed
This is the biggest problem with all of us. We
are never satisfied with our existing resources
and always try to get more by uneven means.
Greed leads to corruption from lower levels to
higher levels. Corruption at higher level is
responsible for degradation of Indian economy
as all the nations money is being eroded to
foreign banks.

15. Responsible for extortionary
corruption:
 According to me, Government and we citizens, both
are responsible for this evil.
 Its more tilted towards Government which is
responsible for this corruption, if they penalize people
who are corrupt then everything will fall in place, and
we can't blame ourselves.
 And its not that we want to bribe an official, but its the
way the government has made its image with people
and people by default think that they should bribe to
get things done and if one opposes, will stand alone
with no support.
 And will come into stark criticism from his own people
and will fall into the trap that the Government and its
officials who ask for more, and also Government
which is not paying enough salary to officials which is
making one to be corrupt.

16. 1). Lekhpal, a government official, whose
job is to examine, report and keep all
records of lands. But in currently there have
been a lot of cases in the court, which are
based on lekha vibhag land dispute. Why is
it so? This is due to the flaws in the
department of . For their personal benefit,
they become corrupt. As far as this
department is concerned, if the people pay
attention towards professional
accountability, there shall be no land
dispute. This would account for a fairly large

17. 2). Second one is the revenue
department. In this department, a fairly
large number of the employees are
corrupt. They take bribes and leave the
person who didn’t even give tax off the
hook. For e.g. income tax. If every
person is honest towards his/her
profession then a heavy loss of Indian
government may be saved.

18. 3). Another type of profession being corrupt is medical
department. There are many government hospitals like
public health centers in villages and city. There are some
doctors, appointed for the treatment of the people. But in
government hospital there have been seen no proper
treatment for the common man. Doctors have started
opening their own private clinic for earning more money.
The public hospitals are lacking in enough medicines and
other required facilities. Doctors may not be found on the
scheduled timings. The poor people, who only depend
upon the government hospitals, are suffering and they can’t
afford the treatment of the private hospital. Thus doctors
need to give their job professional accountability.

19. 4). And most is the department of judiciary. We
know there are several lakhs of cases which are in
pending in the courts in India. The process of
justice is very delayed in our country. Due to this,
the numbers of cases are increasing day by day. If
the proceedings are fast, people may see that if
they do wrong or commit any crimes then they will
have to face punishment right then. People thus
will hesitate to take bribe. To recall and mention a
famous quote here, ‘Justice delayed is justice
denied’.

20. Effects:
 The effect of extortionary
corruption has many dimensions
related to
 political
 economic
 social
 environmental effects.

21. Political effects:
 In political sphere, extortionay corruption
impedes democracy and the rule of law.
 In a democratic system, public institutions and
offices may lose their legitimacy when they
misuse their power for private interest.
 Extortionary corruption may also result in
negative consequences such as encoring
cynicism and reducing interest of political
participation , political instability , reducing
political competition, reducing the transparency
of political decision making, distorting political
development and sustaining political activity
based on patronage, clientelism and money,
etc.

22. Social effects:
 In our society, the impact of extortionary
corruption is often manifested through political
intolerance, problems of accountability and
transparency to the public, low level of
democratic culture, principles of consultation
and participation dialogue among others.
 Extortionary corruption discourages people to
work together for the common good.
 Frustration and general apathy among the
public result in a weak civil society.
 Demanding and paying bribes becomes the
tradition. It also results in social inequality and
widened gap between the rich and poor, civil
strive, increased poverty and lack of basic
needs like food, water and drugs, jealousy and

23. Economical effects:
 The economic effects of extortionary corruption can be
categorized as minor and major.
 However, both in one way or the other have serious impact
on the individual community and country.
 First and foremost, extortionary corruption leads to the
depletion of national wealth.
 It is often responsible for increased costs of goods and
services, the funnelling of scarce public resources to
uneconomic high profile projects at the expense of the
much needed projects such as schools, hospitals and
roads, or the supply of potable water, diversion and
misallocation of resources, conversion of public wealth to
private and personal property, inflation, imbalanced
economic development, weakling work ethics and
professionalism, hindrance of the development of fair in
market structures and unhealthy competition there by
deterring competition.
 Large scale extortionay corruption hurts the economy and
impoverishes entire population.

24. HOW CAN WE REDUCE IT?
[I]The first tool is ‘education’.
 With the help of education we can reduce
extortionay corruption.
 By teaching morality in homes and schools.
 According to a survey conducted by India
today the least corrupt state is Kerala, the
reason being that in Kerala literacy rate is
highest. So we can see how education
decreases corruption.
 Those who are uneducated do not know about
the process, provisions and procedures through
which they can get justice.
 Corrupt public servants try to make fool of them
and often demands for bribe. It is due to
unawareness in the field of law, public rights and
procedures thereof that a common and an

25. [II]We need to change the government processes.
 If the members of the governing body are
government officials, there will certainly be less
reports of the criminal cases.
 The reverse may be possible only when there are no
more criminal politician in our government. The
provision is that, if there is any case filed against a
person then he would not be eligible for election.
 But if we see hundred politicians then about sixty
percent of them would be criminal in nature. If these
criminal politicians command us and make laws,
what types of law would be formed, we can guess!
 Thus during election, we should keep in mind the
person for whom we shall not vote. In India there is
a provision that no person as a criminal shall be
allowed as a Member of Parliament or member of
legislative.
 We also have to minimize the power of
government.

26. [III] We can reduce corruption by increasing direct
contact between government and the governed:
 E-governance could help a lot towards this
direction. In a conference on, ”Effects of Good
Governance and Human Rights” organized
by National Human Right Commission, A. P. J. Abdul
Kalam gave an example of Delhi metro rail system
and online railway reservation as good governance
and said that all the lower courts should follow the
explanation of the Supreme Court and High Court
and make the judgments online.
 Similarly, Sivraj Patil said that the Right to
Information should be used for transparency.
 We have legal rights to know any information.
According to this act, (Right to Information act 2005),
generally people should follow the procedure of law
given to then when their work is not being
implemented in a proper way in public services.
 This act is a great help in the order to control
corruption as well as transparency.

27. [IV] We have to improve lack of effective
corruption treatment:
 That means, instruments which are in
use, are not running properly.
 For example Prevention of Corruption Act
1988 came into force on 9th September,
1988. But corruption is still flourishing.
Why?
 Because of weak actions and proceedings
towards corrupt people.
 People don’t have any fear of this act and
the court. The act may thus be revised for
its better implementation. So we have to
execute law properly with certain

28. [V] We have to increase Lack of
transparency and professional
accountability:
 We should be honest to ourselves. Until
and unless we will not be honest, we can’t
control extortionay corruption.
 If each of us is honest towards our
profession, then extortionary corruption will
automatically decrease. We need to pay
attention towards professional
accountability.
 i.e., how much we are faithful and truthful
towards our profession.
 Extortionary corruption may be controlled by
handling five major professions: Lekhpal,
medical, revenue, police and judicial.

29. Prevention of extortionary
corruption:
 One solution is, more and more honest
people should enter IAS and IPS
positions. These are key positions. Once
these are filled with honest people,
politicians we will find it relatively more and
more difficult to continue corruption. Today
many young people go for engineering,
medicine and MBA course. IAS and IPS are
not on top of the options list. Parents also
encourage the children to go for engg, etc.
Mainly because of IT boom.
This may be easily said but difficult to

30.  Law should be powerfully executed.
 Enforcement of laws should be taken to
reduce extortionary corruption.
 Government should make one web-site
and toll-free number on which people
can easily complain against any
extortionary corruption(whose name
should not be published) and the
information officer should have to report
within specified period of time and if he is
not able to do it then he should be
penalised ₹250/day.
 Over all, if he or she is fined more than
₹25,000 than legal action should be

31. Government should reward citizens who
gives information of corruption.
NGO and other institutes should come
forward and extend a helping hand to
Government and should work in the
wellbeing of citizens.

32. Conclusion:
Extortionary Corruption in India has completely
derailed its progress made in so many years.
After independence the sole dream of every
citizen was a free India.
Extortionary corruption though has leashed it
in its vicious trap.
India through its constitution empowered the
citizens and thought of a society which would
be free of any unwanted influences but
extortionary corruptions at different levels has
made it hollow from inside, democracy is a toy
in the hands of corruption and thus citizens are
not getting the rights and benefits what our

33.  Strong steps should be taken by the
Government (also judiciary) of India so
that every culprit who has been taking
national advantages in form of
corruption should be punished.
 Government should bring some
changes in administrative procedure
to cover all the loop holes so that no
exploitation should occur.

34. “We must work together to
throw away this evil from
ourselves and from our
nation.”

35. Bibliography and References:
[1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_India
[2] www.civilserviceindia.com › Subject
[3] www.indiaagainstcorruption.com/
[4] www.thehindu.com › Opinion › Lead
[5] articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com › Collections › Anna Hazare
30 Jul 2012 – NAGPUR:
[6] www.sharetipsinfo.com › Articles Directory
[7] www.preservearticles.com/.../short-essay-on-corruption-in-
India.html,13 Apr 2011 .
[8] www.thehindu.com › Opinion › Op-Ed
[9] economictimes.indiatimes.com › Topics
[10] info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/35971/mod04.pdf
[11] indiatoday.intoday.in/...corruption...
[12] trak.in/tags/business/2011/03/15/impact-of-corruption-on-indian-businesses-survey/
[13] ibnlive.in.com/newstopics/Corruption.html
[14] Tirole J. Hierarchies and bureaucracies: on the role of collusion in organizations, Jo
of Law, Economics and Organization 2010; 2(2); 181–214.

36. QUESTIONS?
QUESTIONS?