Coronary Artery Disease
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart. It is the most common type of heart disease and leading cause of death in the US. CAD develops over many decades as risk factors like smoking, high cholesterol and blood pressure, and diabetes damage artery walls. It can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attack, or heart failure if left untreated. Diagnosis involves tests like ECGs, stress tests and angiograms. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, and procedures like stents or bypass surgery to improve blood flow.
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Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, results from prolonged lack of oxygen supply to heart muscle, causing cell death. It is usually caused by a blockage of a coronary artery from an atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, electrocardiogram changes, and cardiac enzyme levels. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow, reducing workload and complications through medications like antiplatelets, anticoagulants, beta blockers, and ACE inhibitors.
Ischemic heart disease
This document discusses ischemic heart disease and angina. It defines ischemic heart disease as a condition where there is inadequate blood supply and oxygen to the heart muscle. Angina is described as chest pain or discomfort caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. The document outlines the causes, types, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of angina through lifestyle modifications and medications like aspirin to control symptoms and reduce health risks.
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Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, damaging heart muscle. The document discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, types, treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort. A myocardial infarction can be caused by lifestyle factors like smoking, underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, or genetic predisposition. Treatment depends on whether the infarction is STEMI or NSTEMI, and may involve thrombolytic agents, antiplatelet drugs, or surgery. Prevention focuses on lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, reducing sugar intake, and eating a heart-healthy diet.
Cardiomyopathy
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Angina pectoris
Angina pectoris is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It is caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. There are several types of angina including stable angina, unstable angina, and variant angina. Risk factors that can trigger angina include atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, increased cardiac output from exercise or stress, and damaged heart muscle. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical exam, ECG, blood tests, imaging tests like angiography, and exercise testing. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications like nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers, and procedures like
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coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the arteries that supply the heart, reducing blood flow. The most common risk factors include older age, male sex, family history of heart disease, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and stress. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves ECG, echocardiogram, CT scan, and angiography. Treatment includes medications like statins, surgery such as angioplasty or bypass, and lifestyle changes.
Myocarditis
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, and abnormal heart rhythms. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests to check for elevated infection markers and cardiac enzymes, and endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying infection, reducing the heart's workload through bed rest and medication, and monitoring for signs of heart failure or arrhythmias.
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Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, results from prolonged lack of oxygen supply to heart muscle, causing cell death. It is usually caused by a blockage of a coronary artery from an atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, electrocardiogram changes, and cardiac enzyme levels. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow, reducing workload and complications through medications like antiplatelets, anticoagulants, beta blockers, and ACE inhibitors.
Ischemic heart disease
This document discusses ischemic heart disease and angina. It defines ischemic heart disease as a condition where there is inadequate blood supply and oxygen to the heart muscle. Angina is described as chest pain or discomfort caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. The document outlines the causes, types, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of angina through lifestyle modifications and medications like aspirin to control symptoms and reduce health risks.
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, damaging heart muscle. The document discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, types, treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort. A myocardial infarction can be caused by lifestyle factors like smoking, underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, or genetic predisposition. Treatment depends on whether the infarction is STEMI or NSTEMI, and may involve thrombolytic agents, antiplatelet drugs, or surgery. Prevention focuses on lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, reducing sugar intake, and eating a heart-healthy diet.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle disease, is a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result, the heart muscle's ability to pump blood is less efficient, often causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body. The disease can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.
Angina pectoris
Angina pectoris is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It is caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. There are several types of angina including stable angina, unstable angina, and variant angina. Risk factors that can trigger angina include atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, increased cardiac output from exercise or stress, and damaged heart muscle. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical exam, ECG, blood tests, imaging tests like angiography, and exercise testing. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications like nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers, and procedures like
Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. It can be acute, affecting those with healthy valves, or subacute, affecting those with pre-existing valve disease. Common causes are bacteria like staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus viridans. Risk factors include congenital heart defects, a history of endocarditis, or damaged heart valves. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, sweats, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiograms, electrocardiograms and chest x-rays. Treatment requires high doses of intravenous antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to repair or replace damaged valves. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for fever and complications, encouraging rest, and
coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the arteries that supply the heart, reducing blood flow. The most common risk factors include older age, male sex, family history of heart disease, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and stress. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves ECG, echocardiogram, CT scan, and angiography. Treatment includes medications like statins, surgery such as angioplasty or bypass, and lifestyle changes.
Myocarditis
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, and abnormal heart rhythms. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests to check for elevated infection markers and cardiac enzymes, and endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying infection, reducing the heart's workload through bed rest and medication, and monitoring for signs of heart failure or arrhythmias.
Endocarditis
Endocarditis is inflammation of your heart's inner lining, called the endocardium. It's usually caused by bacteria. When the inflammation is caused by infection, the condition is called infective endocarditis. Endocarditis is uncommon in people with healthy hearts.
Endocarditis
Endocarditis is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) that usually involves the heart valves. It is commonly caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus that enter the bloodstream through invasive procedures or wounds in the mouth, respiratory tract, GI tract, or GU tract. Risk factors include prior heart damage, dental procedures, heart surgery, and certain medical devices. Symptoms include fever, weakness, weight loss, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiography, and imaging tests. Treatment consists of intravenous antibiotics for 4-6 weeks to eliminate the infecting bacteria.
Coronary artery disease
This document discusses coronary artery disease, including its causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic studies, medical and nursing management. Coronary artery disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque in the coronary arteries. It develops in three stages: fatty streak, fibrous plaque, and complicated lesion. Risk factors that increase the risk of the condition include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, age, family history, and stress. The nursing management involves health history, physical examination, developing nursing diagnoses related to symptoms, and providing patient education on diet, stress management, and condition management.
Ischemic Heart Disease
This document provides information on ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD). It defines IHD as a condition caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, leading to inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle. Risk factors include dyslipidemia, family history, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, age, and obesity. The management of IHD involves identifying risk factors, lifestyle modifications, medical treatments like nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers, and possible revascularization procedures.
Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the coronary arteries become blocked, cutting off the blood supply to parts of the heart muscle. This lack of oxygenated blood causes tissues in the myocardial muscles of the heart to die. A myocardial infarction is also referred to as a heart attack and results from prolonged lack of oxygen to the heart muscle cells.
Coronary artery disease or Ischemic heart disease
Cardiovascular disease are becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and they are also emerging as prominent national health problem in developing countries.
Coronary artery disease has become the major cause of early death and disability in the population.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) can also be used interchangeably with the terms atherosclerotic heart disease or ischemic heart disease.
All of these terms imply insufficient perfusion of the coronary arteries from an abnormal narrowing of the vessels, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue.
The term coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease or Ischemic heart disease, is a condition refers to diseases of the heart that result from a decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle.
Non modifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors
Contributing risk factors
Angina pectoris
This document discusses angina pectoris, or chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It defines three main types of angina - stable, unstable, and variant (Prinzmetal's angina). Stable angina occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest, while unstable angina happens more frequently and is less responsive to treatment. Variant angina involves coronary artery spasms, often occurring at certain times. The document outlines symptoms, risk factors, initiating factors, and common drug treatments for angina, including nitrates like nitroglycerin and calcium channel blockers.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle that weaken the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. The three main types are dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy causes the left ventricle to enlarge and weaken, impairing its ability to pump blood. Causes include viral infections, toxins, genetic factors, and hypertension. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Diagnosis involves echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms through medications, lifestyle changes, and potentially surgery or transplantation.
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Ischemic Heart Disease
1. Ischaemic heart disease is caused by an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, usually due to atherosclerosis limiting blood flow in the coronary arteries.
2. The main types of ischaemic heart disease are stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction (STEMI and NSTEMI), and sudden cardiac death. Clinical presentation and ECG/biomarker findings are used to distinguish these conditions.
3. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications and medications like nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers to reduce oxygen demand and increase supply. Revascularization procedures like PCI or CABG may also be used in certain patients.
Endocarditis
This document discusses infective endocarditis, which involves infection of the inner lining of the heart called the endocardium. It is more common in people with pre-existing heart conditions or defects. The document defines endocarditis and lists various risk factors. Common causes are bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. Symptoms may include fever, joint pain, rashes, and heart complications. Diagnosis involves blood tests, echocardiogram, and physical exam looking for signs like Osler's nodes or Janeway lesions. Treatment is usually long-term antibiotics with surgery sometimes needed to replace infected heart valves. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for complications like embolisms, decreased cardiac output, and managing
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION-MANAGEMENT
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, results from a critical imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in the heart muscle. The primary cause is coronary artery occlusion due to atherosclerosis, vasospasm, or embolism. Symptoms may include chest pain, dyspnea, sweating, and anxiety. Diagnosis is made based on elevated cardiac enzyme levels and ECG changes. Initial treatment focuses on pain relief, oxygen, fluids, and aspirin while long-term prevention includes medications like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, antiplatelets, and statins to reduce risk of future heart attacks and heart failure.
Cardiac assessment ppt
The document provides information on assessing cardiovascular health. It defines key terms like systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It describes how to inspect the eyes, skin, chest and edema during assessment. Methods of assessment include measuring blood pressure, taking a health history, and auscultating the heart to identify sounds like S1, S2, murmurs or gallops. A thorough assessment can help identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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This document discusses common congenital heart defects including atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD). It provides details on the types, incidence, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, complications and prognosis of each. ASD is an abnormal opening between the atria causing left to right shunting. VSD is an abnormal opening between the ventricles resulting in left to right then possible right to left shunting. Both can cause increased pulmonary pressures and potential heart failure if large or untreated. Surgical closure is the management for moderate to large defects.
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockage of the coronary arteries, usually by atherosclerosis or a blood clot. It causes irreversible damage to heart tissue. Risk factors include age, sex, family history, smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Symptoms include chest pain and tightness, pain in the arms or back, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests of cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow, preventing clots, and managing complications like arrhythmias or heart failure.
Management of Ischemic heart diseases
definition of IHD - introduction - types
Atherosclerosis definition and risky factors
Angina diagnosis : types - investigation and management
Acute coronary syndromes: types - investigation and management
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
The document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD). It begins with an introduction to coronary circulation and the importance of the coronary arteries in delivering blood to the heart muscle. It then discusses atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CAD. CAD is defined as the narrowing of one or more coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup, reducing blood flow to the heart. Risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical management, and lifestyle changes are summarized. Nursing assessment and management of patients with CAD are also outlined.
Heart block
This document discusses different types of heart block. It defines heart block as an abnormal heart rhythm where the heart beats too slowly due to blocked electrical signals between the upper and lower chambers. The types of heart block are described as first, second, and third degree. First degree heart block causes a prolonged PR interval but no symptoms. Second degree heart block can be Mobitz type I or II, with type II being more significant. Third degree or complete heart block causes complete dissociation between the upper and lower chambers and requires a pacemaker.
Angina Pectoris.PPT
1. Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome characterized by episodes of chest pain or pressure resulting from inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle.
2. Risk factors for angina include age over 55 for men or 65 for women, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, physical inactivity, and family history of early heart disease.
3. There are several types of angina including stable angina brought on by exertion, unstable angina occurring at rest or with minimal exertion, and Prinzmetal or variant angina occurring during rest especially between midnight and dawn.
Shalaka Shelar. 17A.ppt
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that affect the heart or blood vessels. The main causes of CVD include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, physical inactivity, being overweight or obese, and having a family history of CVD. CVD can often be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, not smoking, limiting alcohol intake, and taking any medications as prescribed. The most common types of CVD are coronary heart disease, strokes, peripheral arterial disease, and aortic disease.
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Endocarditis is inflammation of your heart's inner lining, called the endocardium. It's usually caused by bacteria. When the inflammation is caused by infection, the condition is called infective endocarditis. Endocarditis is uncommon in people with healthy hearts.
Endocarditis
Endocarditis is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) that usually involves the heart valves. It is commonly caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus that enter the bloodstream through invasive procedures or wounds in the mouth, respiratory tract, GI tract, or GU tract. Risk factors include prior heart damage, dental procedures, heart surgery, and certain medical devices. Symptoms include fever, weakness, weight loss, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiography, and imaging tests. Treatment consists of intravenous antibiotics for 4-6 weeks to eliminate the infecting bacteria.
Coronary artery disease
This document discusses coronary artery disease, including its causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic studies, medical and nursing management. Coronary artery disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque in the coronary arteries. It develops in three stages: fatty streak, fibrous plaque, and complicated lesion. Risk factors that increase the risk of the condition include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, age, family history, and stress. The nursing management involves health history, physical examination, developing nursing diagnoses related to symptoms, and providing patient education on diet, stress management, and condition management.
Ischemic Heart Disease
This document provides information on ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD). It defines IHD as a condition caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, leading to inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle. Risk factors include dyslipidemia, family history, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, age, and obesity. The management of IHD involves identifying risk factors, lifestyle modifications, medical treatments like nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers, and possible revascularization procedures.
Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the coronary arteries become blocked, cutting off the blood supply to parts of the heart muscle. This lack of oxygenated blood causes tissues in the myocardial muscles of the heart to die. A myocardial infarction is also referred to as a heart attack and results from prolonged lack of oxygen to the heart muscle cells.
Coronary artery disease or Ischemic heart disease
Cardiovascular disease are becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and they are also emerging as prominent national health problem in developing countries.
Coronary artery disease has become the major cause of early death and disability in the population.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) can also be used interchangeably with the terms atherosclerotic heart disease or ischemic heart disease.
All of these terms imply insufficient perfusion of the coronary arteries from an abnormal narrowing of the vessels, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue.
The term coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease or Ischemic heart disease, is a condition refers to diseases of the heart that result from a decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle.
Non modifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors
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This document discusses angina pectoris, or chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It defines three main types of angina - stable, unstable, and variant (Prinzmetal's angina). Stable angina occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest, while unstable angina happens more frequently and is less responsive to treatment. Variant angina involves coronary artery spasms, often occurring at certain times. The document outlines symptoms, risk factors, initiating factors, and common drug treatments for angina, including nitrates like nitroglycerin and calcium channel blockers.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle that weaken the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. The three main types are dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy causes the left ventricle to enlarge and weaken, impairing its ability to pump blood. Causes include viral infections, toxins, genetic factors, and hypertension. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Diagnosis involves echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms through medications, lifestyle changes, and potentially surgery or transplantation.
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Aneurysm
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Ischemic Heart Disease
1. Ischaemic heart disease is caused by an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, usually due to atherosclerosis limiting blood flow in the coronary arteries.
2. The main types of ischaemic heart disease are stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction (STEMI and NSTEMI), and sudden cardiac death. Clinical presentation and ECG/biomarker findings are used to distinguish these conditions.
3. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications and medications like nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers to reduce oxygen demand and increase supply. Revascularization procedures like PCI or CABG may also be used in certain patients.
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This document discusses infective endocarditis, which involves infection of the inner lining of the heart called the endocardium. It is more common in people with pre-existing heart conditions or defects. The document defines endocarditis and lists various risk factors. Common causes are bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. Symptoms may include fever, joint pain, rashes, and heart complications. Diagnosis involves blood tests, echocardiogram, and physical exam looking for signs like Osler's nodes or Janeway lesions. Treatment is usually long-term antibiotics with surgery sometimes needed to replace infected heart valves. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for complications like embolisms, decreased cardiac output, and managing
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Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, results from a critical imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in the heart muscle. The primary cause is coronary artery occlusion due to atherosclerosis, vasospasm, or embolism. Symptoms may include chest pain, dyspnea, sweating, and anxiety. Diagnosis is made based on elevated cardiac enzyme levels and ECG changes. Initial treatment focuses on pain relief, oxygen, fluids, and aspirin while long-term prevention includes medications like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, antiplatelets, and statins to reduce risk of future heart attacks and heart failure.
Cardiac assessment ppt
The document provides information on assessing cardiovascular health. It defines key terms like systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It describes how to inspect the eyes, skin, chest and edema during assessment. Methods of assessment include measuring blood pressure, taking a health history, and auscultating the heart to identify sounds like S1, S2, murmurs or gallops. A thorough assessment can help identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Atrial septal defect
This document discusses common congenital heart defects including atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD). It provides details on the types, incidence, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, complications and prognosis of each. ASD is an abnormal opening between the atria causing left to right shunting. VSD is an abnormal opening between the ventricles resulting in left to right then possible right to left shunting. Both can cause increased pulmonary pressures and potential heart failure if large or untreated. Surgical closure is the management for moderate to large defects.
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockage of the coronary arteries, usually by atherosclerosis or a blood clot. It causes irreversible damage to heart tissue. Risk factors include age, sex, family history, smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Symptoms include chest pain and tightness, pain in the arms or back, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests of cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow, preventing clots, and managing complications like arrhythmias or heart failure.
Management of Ischemic heart diseases
definition of IHD - introduction - types
Atherosclerosis definition and risky factors
Angina diagnosis : types - investigation and management
Acute coronary syndromes: types - investigation and management
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
The document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD). It begins with an introduction to coronary circulation and the importance of the coronary arteries in delivering blood to the heart muscle. It then discusses atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CAD. CAD is defined as the narrowing of one or more coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup, reducing blood flow to the heart. Risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical management, and lifestyle changes are summarized. Nursing assessment and management of patients with CAD are also outlined.
Heart block
This document discusses different types of heart block. It defines heart block as an abnormal heart rhythm where the heart beats too slowly due to blocked electrical signals between the upper and lower chambers. The types of heart block are described as first, second, and third degree. First degree heart block causes a prolonged PR interval but no symptoms. Second degree heart block can be Mobitz type I or II, with type II being more significant. Third degree or complete heart block causes complete dissociation between the upper and lower chambers and requires a pacemaker.
Angina Pectoris.PPT
1. Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome characterized by episodes of chest pain or pressure resulting from inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle.
2. Risk factors for angina include age over 55 for men or 65 for women, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, physical inactivity, and family history of early heart disease.
3. There are several types of angina including stable angina brought on by exertion, unstable angina occurring at rest or with minimal exertion, and Prinzmetal or variant angina occurring during rest especially between midnight and dawn.
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This document provides an overview of the symptoms, causes, risk factors, and prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed due to cholesterol plaque, reducing blood flow to the heart. Common symptoms include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart attack. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and lack of exercise. Prevention focuses on lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, managing health conditions, exercising, eating a healthy diet, and reducing stress.
Risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that affect the heart or blood vessels. The main causes of CVD include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, physical inactivity, being overweight or obese, and having a family history of CVD. CVD can often be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, not smoking, limiting alcohol intake, and taking any medications as prescribed. The most common types of CVD are coronary heart disease, strokes, peripheral arterial disease, and aortic disease.
Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries which narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow. Over time, plaque can rupture and form blood clots, completely blocking an artery and leading to a heart attack. Risk factors for CHD include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and lack of exercise. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medication to manage symptoms and prevent complications like heart attacks. Prevention strategies emphasize a healthy diet, exercise, not smoking, controlling cholesterol and blood pressure levels.
Heart disease.pptx
This document provides an overview of heart disease and coronary artery disease. It discusses the causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. The main points are:
- Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the arteries that supply the heart, restricting blood flow.
- Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and obesity.
- Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attack.
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this slide show explains coronary heart disease in details , about the causes,symptoms,tests for diagnosis, treatment and how to Prevent it from happening , hope you'll get something you are searching for
CHAPTER12CardiovascularDisease,Diabetes,andCancerC
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves the heart and blood vessels. The most common type is coronary artery disease, which causes heart attacks and angina. CVD can be caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in arteries due to conditions like high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. While some risk factors cannot be controlled, it is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable through lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, healthy diet and exercise. Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked or reduced, and is a medical emergency. The two main types are ischemic, caused by clots, and hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding. Transient ischemic attacks are mini-strokes that resolve
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to reduced blood flow. CVD includes numerous conditions such as coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, congenital heart disease, and others. Risk factors for CVD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and family history of early heart disease. CVD can be prevented by treating risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, not smoking, and managing conditions like diabetes.
Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease is caused by a buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries that supply the heart, limiting blood flow. Over time, this narrowing can completely block an artery and cause a heart attack. The main risk factors for coronary heart disease include family history, diabetes, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, smoking, and lack of exercise. Symptoms may include chest pain or discomfort that worsens with exertion. Diagnosis involves tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, and angiography. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery, and controlling risk factors.
BASIC OF HEART DISEASE
THIS IS THE BASIC OF HEART DISEASE FOR BEGINNER. FOR MORE DETAIL IN THE TOPIC PLEASE CONTACT ME ksotang@gmail.com
Heart disease
Heart disease refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels. Some forms can be prevented through lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, exercising, and eating a healthy diet. Symptoms depend on the type of heart disease but may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and pain in the arms or jaw. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. Complications can include heart failure, heart attack, and stroke. Prevention focuses on lifestyle changes and controlling health conditions.
CVD.pptx
The document discusses cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. It defines cardiovascular disease as conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels, and lists some major types of CVD like coronary artery disease, heart attacks, heart failure, and strokes. It then discusses general risk factors for CVD like high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and family history. The document also outlines some common symptoms of CVD like chest pain and shortness of breath. Finally, it defines hypertension as high blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg and notes it can lead to organ damage and illnesses if not controlled.
Atherosclerosis1-Symptoms,Treatment,Diagnosis,pathophysiology,Treatment optio...
Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, narrowing them. It occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the blood stick to damaged artery walls. Over time, plaque builds up, restricting blood flow. This increases the risk of blood clots forming and blocking arteries, which can lead to heart attacks or strokes if a clot dislodges. Symptoms depend on which arteries are affected but may include chest pain or weakness. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medication to control risk factors and prevent complications.
Heart attack
A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, preventing the heart from receiving oxygen. This is usually due to a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries over many years. Eventually, plaque can rupture inside an artery and cause a blood clot that blocks blood flow. If the blockage is not quickly treated, the portion of heart muscle begins to die. Risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and family history. Diagnostic tests include ECGs, blood tests, and coronary angiography. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow through clot-busting drugs or angioplasty to open the blocked artery.
Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, and ischemic disease are cardiovascular conditions discussed in the document. Hypertension is high blood pressure and can be primary or secondary. Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood due to issues like hypertension, heart damage, or blockages. Ischemic disease includes angina, heart attack, atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis which are caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
Obesity & Coronary Heart Diseases.ppt
Coronary heart disease (CHD) develops when the coronary arteries become narrowed due to plaque buildup, reducing blood flow to the heart. Risk factors include high blood pressure, cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Symptoms may include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves tests like electrocardiograms and stress tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as medications and surgeries to open blocked arteries. Preventing CHD involves controlling risk factors like cholesterol levels through diet and exercise.
Coronary arteries |Coronary Arteries Functions | Diseases- medical discussion.
Coronary arteries diseases occurs when the major blood vessels that supply your heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients (coronary arteries) become damaged or sick. The deposits containing cholesterol (plaques) in the arteries and infections are usually the cause of coronary artery disease.
When plaques accumulate, the coronary arteries narrow; This reduces blood flow to your heart. Ultimately, decreased blood flow may cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other signs and symptoms of coronary disease. A complete blockage can cause a heart attack.
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CONTENT.pptx
This document discusses coronary heart disease, which occurs when cholesterol builds up in the arteries of the heart. It can cause the arteries to narrow and reduce blood flow to the heart. The main type is atherosclerosis. Risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, lack of exercise, and diabetes. Symptoms may include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves tests like an electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications, procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery. Prevention focuses on managing cholesterol, blood pressure, weight, and avoiding tobacco.
IHD
Ischemic heart disease is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries. The most common cause is atherosclerosis which narrows the arteries over time due to plaque buildup. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, medications to reduce risk factors and surgery to open blocked arteries.
Lect 2 angina
Coronary artery disease occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them. This limits blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart, which can cause angina chest pain. Angina comes in different forms like stable angina brought on by exertion or unstable angina occurring at rest. Treatment involves medications to relieve symptoms, open arteries, and prevent clots, as well as lifestyle changes and potentially surgery. Left untreated, angina and CAD can progress to a heart attack.
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CHAPTER12CardiovascularDisease,Diabetes,andCancerC
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The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and blood vessels
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Atherosclerosis1-Symptoms,Treatment,Diagnosis,pathophysiology,Treatment optio...
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Coronary arteries |Coronary Arteries Functions | Diseases- medical discussion.
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This document analyzes epidemiological data on cervical cancer in Georgia from 2000-2009. It finds that the prevalence and incidence of cervical cancer peaked in the mid-2000s but have since declined, possibly due to increased screening efforts. Mortality and case fatality rates for cervical cancer were highest in 2009. Incidence is highest among women aged 60-64. Regionally, incidence is highest in Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti and lowest in Kvemo Kartli. The document recommends continued awareness campaigns targeting healthcare providers to promote screening and vaccination.
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Coronary Artery Disease
- 1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Presented by: Noel Christian Group 6
- 2. Introduction • Coronary artery disease (also called CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It is also the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States. • It occurs when fatty deposits called plaque build up inside the coronary arteries. • The coronary arteries wrap around the heart and supply it with blood and oxygen.When plaque builds up, it narrows the arteries and reduces the amount of oxygen rich blood that gets to the heart muscles.
- 3. • Eventually, the decreased blood flow may cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other coronary artery disease signs and symptoms. A complete blockage can cause a heart attack. • Because coronary artery disease often develops over decades, you might not notice a problem until you have a significant blockage or a heart attack
- 4. Causes CAD? CoronaryArtery Disease (CAD) starts when certain factors damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries. These factors include: • Smoking • High levels of fats and cholesterol in the blood • High blood pressure • High levels of sugar in the blood due to insulin resistance or diabetes • Blood vessel inflammation
- 5. • Once the inner wall of an artery is damaged, plaque made of cholesterol tend to accumulate at the site of injury in a process called atherosclerosis. • If the surface of the plaque breaks , blood cells called platelets will clump at the site to try to repair the artery. This clump can block the artery, leading to a heart attack.
- 7. Signs & Symptoms Some are as follows: • Chest pain (angina):You may feel pressure or tightness in your chest. • Shortness of breath • Heart attack (Classic Sign) Women are somewhat more likely than men are to experience less typical signs and symptoms of a heart attack, such as neck or jaw pain. Sometimes a heart attack occurs without any apparent signs or symptoms.
- 8. Risk Factors Risk factors for coronary artery disease include: • Age • Sex (M F ) • Family history • Smoking • Overweight or obesity • Increased levels of Cholestrols • High blood pressure Risk factors often occur in clusters ( Obesity & Diabetes )
- 9. Sometimes coronary artery disease develops without any classic risk factors. Researchers are studying other possible factors, including: • Sleep apnea:This disorder causes you to repeatedly stop and start breathing while you're sleeping. • High sensitivity C-reactive protein: inflammation • High triglycerides • Homocysteine: Amino acid
- 10. Complications • Coronary artery disease can lead to: • Chest pain (angina) • Heart attack (Muscle weakness) • Heart failure (heart is too weak to pump) • Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia)
- 11. Diagnosis • Electrocardiogram (ECG) • Echocardiogram (Image of heart) • Stress test • Cardiac catheterization or angiogram • Heart scan (CT)
- 12. Treatment Aspirin therapy. • Beta blockers - are a class of medications that relax the blood vessels and slow the heart rate. It thereby improves blood flow to the heart, decreases blood pressure and symptoms of angina, and has been shown to improve survival after a heart attack. • Medicine for life and it varies from person to person.
- 13. Self Management Lifestyle changes can help you prevent or slow the progression of coronary artery disease. • Stop smoking • Control your blood pressure (120/80) • Check your cholesterol (LDL and HDL) • Keep diabetes under control
- 14. • Get moving • Eat healthy foods • Maintain a healthy weight • Manage stress • regular medical checkups
- 15. Latest News Mammograms May Also Help Spot Heart Disease Mammograms :In women, this equipment is used to scan for calcium deposits in breasts. The heart too can also be scanned in this manner to check for calcium deposits. The higher the amount of calcium the greater the possibility for damaging the walls of arteries.
- 16. References • "Coronary heart disease - causes, symptoms, prevention". Southern Cross Healthcare Group. Retrieved 15 September 2013. • "Coronary heart disease“. NIH. Retrieved 15 September 2013. • Wong, ND (May 2014). "Epidemiological studies of CHD and the evolution of preventive cardiology.". Nature reviews. Cardiology 11 (5): 276– 89. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.26.PMID24663092 • "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease?“ • "Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)". cdc.gov. 12 March 2013. Retrieved 23 February2015. • Mendis, Shanthi; Puska, Pekka; Norrving, Bo (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control (PDF) (1st ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization
- 17. • PROMISE of Coronary CT Angiography: Precise and Accurate Diagnosis and Prognosis in Coronary Artery Disease.Thomas DM, Branch KR, Cury RC.South Med J.2016Apr;109(4):2427.doi:10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000436. PMID: 27043808 • MicroRNAs for Restenosis andThrombosis AfterVascular Injury.Gareri C, De Rosa S, Indolfi C.Circ Res. 2016 Apr 1;118(7):1170-84. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.308237. Review.PMID: 27034278 Images: • http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/2 95/295738/mammogram-machine.jpg • http://tfosuccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/mcu.jpg • http://3.imimg.com/data3/XG/TO/MY-3885662/medical-check- up-services-250x250.jpg • http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/ct-scan-heart-17951270.jpg
- 18. “ ” Thank You Done By Noel Christian