It is a informative ppt about medical field

1. Symptomatology Of CHD
Name:- Shalaka Mahesh Shelar
Group:-17A

2. INDEX
1. Overview
2. Symptoms
3. Causes
4. Risk Factor
5. Complications
6. Prevention

3. 1.Overview
• Coronary artery disease is a common heart condition. The major
blood vessels that supply the heart (coronary arteries) struggle to
send enough blood, oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
Cholesterol deposits (plaques) in the heart arteries and inflammation
are usually the cause of coronary artery disease.
• Signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease occur when the heart
doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. If you have coronary artery
disease, reduced blood flow to the heart can cause chest pain
(angina) and shortness of breath. A complete blockage of blood flow
can cause a heart attack.

4. • Coronary artery disease often develops over decades. Symptoms may
go unnoticed until a significantblockage causes problems or a heart
attack occurs. Following a heart-healthy lifestyle can help. prevent
coronary artery disease.Coronary artery disease may also be called
coronary heart disease.

5. 2.Symptoms
Symptoms may go unrecognized at first, or they may only occur when
the heart is beating hard like during exercise. As the coronary arteries
continue to narrow, less and less blood gets to the heart and
symptoms can become more severe or frequent.
• Chest pain (angina). You may feel pressure or tightness in your
chest. Some people say it feels like someone is standing on their
chest. The chest pain usually occurs on the middle or left side of the
chest. Activity or strong emotions can trigger angina. The pain usually
goes away within minutes after the triggering event ends. In
somepeople, especially women, the pain may be brief or sharp and
felt in the neck, arm or back.

6. • Shortness of breath. You may feel like you can't catch your breath.
• Fatigue. If the heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's
needs, you may feel unusually tired.
• Heart attack. A completely blocked coronary artery will cause a heart
attack. The classic signs and symptoms of a heart attack include
crushing chest pain or pressure, shoulder or arm pain, shortness of
breath, and sweating. Women may have less typicalsymptoms, such
as neck or jaw pain, nausea and fatigue. Some heart attacks don't
cause any noticeable signs or symptoms.

7. 3.Causes
• Coronary artery disease starts when fats,
cholesterols and other substances collect
on the inner walls of the heart arteries.
This condition is called atherosclerosis.
The buildup is called plaque. Plaque can
cause the arteries to narrow, blocking
blood flow. The plaque can also burst,
leading to a blood clot.

8. Besides high cholesterol, damage to the coronary arteries may be
caused by:
• Diabetes or insulin resistance
• High blood pressure
• Not getting enough exercise (sedentary lifestyle)
• Smoking or tobacco use

9. 4. Risk factor
Coronary artery disease is common. Age, genetics, other health
conditions and lifestyle choices can affect the health of the heart
arteries.
Coronary artery disease risk factors include:
• Age. Getting older increases the risk of damaged and narrowed
arteries.
• Sex. Men are generally at greater risk of coronary artery disease.
However, the risk for women increases after menopause.
• Family history. A family history of heart disease makes you more
likely to get coronary

10. more likely to get coronary artery disease. This is especially true if a
close relative (parent, sibling) developed heart disease at an early age.
The risk is highest if your father or a brother had heart disease before
age 55 or if your mother or a sister developed it before age 65.
• Smoking. If you smoke, quit. Smoking is bad for heart health. People
who smoke have a significantly increased risk of heart disease.
Breathing in secondhand smoke also increases the risk.
• High blood pressure. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can make
arteries hard and stiff (arterial stiffness). The coronary arteries may
become narrow, slowing blood flow.
• High cholesterol. Too much bad cholesterol in the blood can increase
the risk of atherosclerosis. Bad cholesterol is called low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

11. • Cholesterol is called low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Not
enough good cholesterol - called high-density lipoprotein (HDL) also
leads to - atherosclerosis.
• Diabetes. Diabetes increases the risk of coronary artery disease. Type
2 diabetes and coronary artery disease share some risk factors, such
as obesity and high blood pressure.
• Overweight or obesity. Excess body weight is bad for overall health.
Obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Ask your
health care provider what a healthy weight is for you.
• Chronic kidney disease. Having long-term kidney disease increases
the risk of coronary.

12. • Not getting enough exercise. Physical activity is important for good
health. A lack of exercise (sedentary lifestyle) is linked to coronary
artery disease and some of its risk factors.
• A lot of stress. Emotional stress may damage the arteries and worsen
other risk factors for coronary artery disease.
• Unhealthy diet. Eating foods with a lot of saturated fat, trans fat, salt
and sugar can increase the risk of coronary artery disease.

13. Coronary artery disease can lead to:
• Chest pain (angina). When the coronary arteries narrow, the heart
may not get enough blood when it needs it most like when exercising.
This can cause chest pain (angina) or shortness of breath.
• Heart attack. A heart attack can happen if a cholesterol plaque
breaks open and causes a blood clot to form. A clot can block blood
flow. The lack of depends in part on how quickly you are treated.
• Heart failure. Narrowed arteries in the heart or high blood pressure
can slowly make the heart weak or stiff so it's harder to pump blood.
Heart failure is when the heart doesn't pump blood as it should.
5.Complications

14. The same lifestyle habits used to help treat coronary artery disease can
also help prevent it. A healthy lifestyle can help keep the arteries
strong and clear of plaque To improve heart health, follow these tips:
• Quit smoking.
• Control high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.
• Exercise often.
• Maintain a healthy weight. Fat a low-fat low-salt diet that'srich in
fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
• Reduce and manage stress.
6. Prevention

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