This document presents a conceptual design for the co-production of allyl chloride (AC) and 1,3-dichloropropene (13DE) via the chlorination of propylene. Key aspects of the proposed process include:
- Reaction of propylene and chlorine in a plug flow reactor (PFR) at 400°C and 15 bar to selectively produce AC and 13DE.
- Use of a series of heat exchangers (HEX), absorbers, and distillation columns to separate and purify the products from byproducts like 1,2-dichloropropane (12DA).
- Economic analysis showing a payback time of 4.7 years,
Troubleshooting in Distillation Columns
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 FLOW DIAGRAM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING
5 GENERAL APPRAISAL OF PROBLEM
5.1 Is the Problem Real?
5.2 What Is the Magnitude of the Problem?
5.3 Is it the Column or the Associated Equipment which is Causing the Problem?
6 PROBLEMS IN THE COLUMN
6.1 Capacity Problems
6.2 Efficiency Problems
7 PROBLEMS OUTSIDE THE COLUMN
7.1 Effect of Other Units on Column Performance
7.2 Column Control System
7.3 Improper Operating Conditions
7.4 Auxiliary Equipment
8 USEFUL BACKGROUND READING
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
FIGURES
1 FLOW DIAGRAM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING
2 DETERMINATION OF COLUMN CAPACITY
Reactor and Catalyst Design
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 CATALYST DESIGN
4.1 Equivalent Pellet Diameter
4.2 Voidage
4.3 Pellet Density
5 REACTOR DESIGN
6 CATALYST SUPPORT
6.1 Choice of Support
TABLES
1 CATALYST SUPPORT SHAPES
2 SECONDARY REFORMER SPREADSHEET
FIGURES
1 GRAPH OF EFFECTIVENESS v THIELE MODULUS
2 VARIATION OF COSTS WITH CATALYST SIZE
3 VARIATION OF COSTS WITH CATALYST BED VOIDAGE
4 VARIATION OF COSTS WITH VESSEL DIAMETER
This is course on Plant Simulation will show you how to setup hypothetical compounds, oil assays, blends, and petroleum characterization using the Oil Manager of Aspen HYSYS.
You will learn about:
Hypothetical Compounds (Hypos)
Estimation of hypo compound data
Models via Chemical Structure UNIFAC Component Builder
Basis conversion/cloning of existing components
Input of Petroleum Assay and Crude Oils
Typical Bulk Properties (Molar Weight, Density, Viscosity)
Distillation curves such as TBP (Total Boiling Point)
ASTM (D86, D1160, D86-D1160, D2887)
Chromatography
Light End
Oil Characterization
Using the Petroleum Assay Manager or the Oil Manager
Importing Assays: Existing Database
Creating Assays: Manually / Model
Cutting: Pseudocomponent generation
Blending of crude oils
Installing oils into Aspen HYSYS flowsheets
Getting Results (Plots, Graphs, Tables)
Property and Composition Tables
Distribution Plot (Off Gas, Light Short Run, Naphtha, Kerosene, Light Diesel, Heavy Diesel, Gasoil, Residue)
Oil Properties
Proper
Boiling Point Curves
Viscosity, Density, Molecular Weight Curves
This is helpful for students, teachers, engineers and researchers in the area of R&D, specially those in the Oil and Gas or Petroleum Refining industry.
This is a "workshop-based" course, there is about 25% theory and about 75% work!
At the end of the course you will be able to handle crude oils for your fractionation, refining, petrochemical process simulations!
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/gas-absorption-stripping/
Introduction:
Gas Absorption is one of the very first Mass Transfer Unit Operations studied in early process engineering. It is very important in several Separation Processes, as it is used extensively in the Chemical industry.
Understanding the concept behind Gas-Gas and Gas-Liquid mass transfer interaction will allow you to understand and model Absorbers, Strippers, Scrubbers, Washers, Bubblers, etc…
We will cover:
- REVIEW: Of Mass Transfer Basics required
- GAS-LIQUID interaction in the molecular level, the two-film theory
- ABSORPTION Theory
- Application of Absorption in the Industry
- Counter-current & Co-current Operation
- Several equipment to carry Gas-Liquid Operations
- Bubble, Spray, Packed and Tray Column equipments
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Packed Towers
- Pressure drop due to packings
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Tray Columns
- Single Component Absorption
- Single Component Stripping/Desorption
- Diluted and Concentrated Absorption
- Basics: Multicomponent Absorption
- Software Simulation for Absorption/Stripping Operations (ASPEN PLUS/HYSYS)
----
Please show the love! LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE!
More likes, sharings, suscribers: MORE VIDEOS!
-----
CONTACT ME
Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
Troubleshooting in Distillation Columns
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 FLOW DIAGRAM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING
5 GENERAL APPRAISAL OF PROBLEM
5.1 Is the Problem Real?
5.2 What Is the Magnitude of the Problem?
5.3 Is it the Column or the Associated Equipment which is Causing the Problem?
6 PROBLEMS IN THE COLUMN
6.1 Capacity Problems
6.2 Efficiency Problems
7 PROBLEMS OUTSIDE THE COLUMN
7.1 Effect of Other Units on Column Performance
7.2 Column Control System
7.3 Improper Operating Conditions
7.4 Auxiliary Equipment
8 USEFUL BACKGROUND READING
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
FIGURES
1 FLOW DIAGRAM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING
2 DETERMINATION OF COLUMN CAPACITY
Reactor and Catalyst Design
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 CATALYST DESIGN
4.1 Equivalent Pellet Diameter
4.2 Voidage
4.3 Pellet Density
5 REACTOR DESIGN
6 CATALYST SUPPORT
6.1 Choice of Support
TABLES
1 CATALYST SUPPORT SHAPES
2 SECONDARY REFORMER SPREADSHEET
FIGURES
1 GRAPH OF EFFECTIVENESS v THIELE MODULUS
2 VARIATION OF COSTS WITH CATALYST SIZE
3 VARIATION OF COSTS WITH CATALYST BED VOIDAGE
4 VARIATION OF COSTS WITH VESSEL DIAMETER
This is course on Plant Simulation will show you how to setup hypothetical compounds, oil assays, blends, and petroleum characterization using the Oil Manager of Aspen HYSYS.
You will learn about:
Hypothetical Compounds (Hypos)
Estimation of hypo compound data
Models via Chemical Structure UNIFAC Component Builder
Basis conversion/cloning of existing components
Input of Petroleum Assay and Crude Oils
Typical Bulk Properties (Molar Weight, Density, Viscosity)
Distillation curves such as TBP (Total Boiling Point)
ASTM (D86, D1160, D86-D1160, D2887)
Chromatography
Light End
Oil Characterization
Using the Petroleum Assay Manager or the Oil Manager
Importing Assays: Existing Database
Creating Assays: Manually / Model
Cutting: Pseudocomponent generation
Blending of crude oils
Installing oils into Aspen HYSYS flowsheets
Getting Results (Plots, Graphs, Tables)
Property and Composition Tables
Distribution Plot (Off Gas, Light Short Run, Naphtha, Kerosene, Light Diesel, Heavy Diesel, Gasoil, Residue)
Oil Properties
Proper
Boiling Point Curves
Viscosity, Density, Molecular Weight Curves
This is helpful for students, teachers, engineers and researchers in the area of R&D, specially those in the Oil and Gas or Petroleum Refining industry.
This is a "workshop-based" course, there is about 25% theory and about 75% work!
At the end of the course you will be able to handle crude oils for your fractionation, refining, petrochemical process simulations!
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/gas-absorption-stripping/
Introduction:
Gas Absorption is one of the very first Mass Transfer Unit Operations studied in early process engineering. It is very important in several Separation Processes, as it is used extensively in the Chemical industry.
Understanding the concept behind Gas-Gas and Gas-Liquid mass transfer interaction will allow you to understand and model Absorbers, Strippers, Scrubbers, Washers, Bubblers, etc…
We will cover:
- REVIEW: Of Mass Transfer Basics required
- GAS-LIQUID interaction in the molecular level, the two-film theory
- ABSORPTION Theory
- Application of Absorption in the Industry
- Counter-current & Co-current Operation
- Several equipment to carry Gas-Liquid Operations
- Bubble, Spray, Packed and Tray Column equipments
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Packed Towers
- Pressure drop due to packings
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Tray Columns
- Single Component Absorption
- Single Component Stripping/Desorption
- Diluted and Concentrated Absorption
- Basics: Multicomponent Absorption
- Software Simulation for Absorption/Stripping Operations (ASPEN PLUS/HYSYS)
----
Please show the love! LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE!
More likes, sharings, suscribers: MORE VIDEOS!
-----
CONTACT ME
Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/gas-absorption-stripping/
Introduction:
Gas Absorption is one of the very first Mass Transfer Unit Operations studied in early process engineering. It is very important in several Separation Processes, as it is used extensively in the Chemical industry.
Understanding the concept behind Gas-Gas and Gas-Liquid mass transfer interaction will allow you to understand and model Absorbers, Strippers, Scrubbers, Washers, Bubblers, etc…
We will cover:
- REVIEW: Of Mass Transfer Basics required
- GAS-LIQUID interaction in the molecular level, the two-film theory
- ABSORPTION Theory
- Application of Absorption in the Industry
- Counter-current & Co-current Operation
- Several equipment to carry Gas-Liquid Operations
- Bubble, Spray, Packed and Tray Column equipments
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Packed Towers
- Pressure drop due to packings
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Tray Columns
- Single Component Absorption
- Single Component Stripping/Desorption
- Diluted and Concentrated Absorption
- Basics: Multicomponent Absorption
- Software Simulation for Absorption/Stripping Operations (ASPEN PLUS/HYSYS)
----
Please show the love! LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE!
More likes, sharings, suscribers: MORE VIDEOS!
-----
CONTACT ME
Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
Shortcut Methods of Distillation Design
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 ESTIMATIONOF PLATEAGE AND REFLUX
REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Generalized Procedure for Nmin and Rmin
2.2 Equation based Procedure for Nmin and Rmin
3 PREDICTION OF OVERALL PLATE EFFICIENCY
4 SIZING OF MAIN PLANT ITEMS
4.1 Column Diameter
4.2 Surface Area of Condensers and Reboilers
FIGURES
1 NON-IDEAL EQUILIBRIUM CURVE
2 AT A GLANCE CHART BASED ON FENSKE,
UNDERWOOD
3 PLATE EFFICIENCY CORRELATION OF O’CONNEL
PRODUCTION OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER (MTBE)Aree Salah
this project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor in science in Chemical engineering at Koya University.
The main purpose of our project is to describe and design the production of MTBE, and using it as an additive to gasoline in order to increase its quality.
We work at this plant to produce 112,200tons / year (112,200,000 kg/y) of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)
Simulation of Chemical Rectors - Introduction to chemical process simulators ...CAChemE
Learn the fundamentals of any chemical process simulator software by means of free and open source software as an alternative to Aspen, Aspen HYSYS, etc. We will be using DWSIM (open source and free) and COCO Simulator (freeware) for this course. Material is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
You can find more learning material for chemical engineers in http://CAChemE.org
Course by Chemical Engineering Guy
Check out full course:
http://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/aspen-plus-physical-properties-course/
Ask me for special discounts, or checkout "SURPIRSE" tab in my site for special discounts.
This is course on Process Simulation will show you how to model, manipulate and report thermodynamic, transport, physical and chemical properties of substances.
You will learn about:
Physical Property Environment
Physical Property Method & Method Assistant
Fluid and Property Packages
Physical property input, modeling, estimation and regression
Thermodynamic Properties (Material/Energy balances and Thermodynamic Processes)
Transport Properties for (Mass/Heat/Momentum Transfer)
Equilibrium Properties (Vapor-Liquid, Liquid-Liquid, etc...)
Getting Results (Plots, Graphs, Tables)
This is an excellent way to get started with Aspen Plus. Understanding the physical property environment will definitively help you in the simulation and flowsheet creation!
This is a "workshop-based" course, there is about 50% theory and about 50% practice!
Presentation given by Greg Rau of UC Santa Cruz/LLNL on "Alternative Point-Source CO2 Mitigation: Spontaneous Conversion of CO2 to Ocean Alkalinity" at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 26 June 2014
Production of 1-Tetradecene at 100 tons per yearaman_hb
The purpose of the project is to study the production of 1-Tetradecene through processing and refining process method and to perform energy balance, material balance and design the equipments involved in this process. We used chemcad chemstation software for process simulation and determining the phase envelope graph. We created a component, 1-octacosene in component database of chemcad simulation software.
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/gas-absorption-stripping/
Introduction:
Gas Absorption is one of the very first Mass Transfer Unit Operations studied in early process engineering. It is very important in several Separation Processes, as it is used extensively in the Chemical industry.
Understanding the concept behind Gas-Gas and Gas-Liquid mass transfer interaction will allow you to understand and model Absorbers, Strippers, Scrubbers, Washers, Bubblers, etc…
We will cover:
- REVIEW: Of Mass Transfer Basics required
- GAS-LIQUID interaction in the molecular level, the two-film theory
- ABSORPTION Theory
- Application of Absorption in the Industry
- Counter-current & Co-current Operation
- Several equipment to carry Gas-Liquid Operations
- Bubble, Spray, Packed and Tray Column equipments
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Packed Towers
- Pressure drop due to packings
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Tray Columns
- Single Component Absorption
- Single Component Stripping/Desorption
- Diluted and Concentrated Absorption
- Basics: Multicomponent Absorption
- Software Simulation for Absorption/Stripping Operations (ASPEN PLUS/HYSYS)
----
Please show the love! LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE!
More likes, sharings, suscribers: MORE VIDEOS!
-----
CONTACT ME
Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
Shortcut Methods of Distillation Design
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 ESTIMATIONOF PLATEAGE AND REFLUX
REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Generalized Procedure for Nmin and Rmin
2.2 Equation based Procedure for Nmin and Rmin
3 PREDICTION OF OVERALL PLATE EFFICIENCY
4 SIZING OF MAIN PLANT ITEMS
4.1 Column Diameter
4.2 Surface Area of Condensers and Reboilers
FIGURES
1 NON-IDEAL EQUILIBRIUM CURVE
2 AT A GLANCE CHART BASED ON FENSKE,
UNDERWOOD
3 PLATE EFFICIENCY CORRELATION OF O’CONNEL
PRODUCTION OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER (MTBE)Aree Salah
this project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor in science in Chemical engineering at Koya University.
The main purpose of our project is to describe and design the production of MTBE, and using it as an additive to gasoline in order to increase its quality.
We work at this plant to produce 112,200tons / year (112,200,000 kg/y) of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)
Simulation of Chemical Rectors - Introduction to chemical process simulators ...CAChemE
Learn the fundamentals of any chemical process simulator software by means of free and open source software as an alternative to Aspen, Aspen HYSYS, etc. We will be using DWSIM (open source and free) and COCO Simulator (freeware) for this course. Material is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
You can find more learning material for chemical engineers in http://CAChemE.org
Course by Chemical Engineering Guy
Check out full course:
http://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/aspen-plus-physical-properties-course/
Ask me for special discounts, or checkout "SURPIRSE" tab in my site for special discounts.
This is course on Process Simulation will show you how to model, manipulate and report thermodynamic, transport, physical and chemical properties of substances.
You will learn about:
Physical Property Environment
Physical Property Method & Method Assistant
Fluid and Property Packages
Physical property input, modeling, estimation and regression
Thermodynamic Properties (Material/Energy balances and Thermodynamic Processes)
Transport Properties for (Mass/Heat/Momentum Transfer)
Equilibrium Properties (Vapor-Liquid, Liquid-Liquid, etc...)
Getting Results (Plots, Graphs, Tables)
This is an excellent way to get started with Aspen Plus. Understanding the physical property environment will definitively help you in the simulation and flowsheet creation!
This is a "workshop-based" course, there is about 50% theory and about 50% practice!
Presentation given by Greg Rau of UC Santa Cruz/LLNL on "Alternative Point-Source CO2 Mitigation: Spontaneous Conversion of CO2 to Ocean Alkalinity" at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 26 June 2014
Production of 1-Tetradecene at 100 tons per yearaman_hb
The purpose of the project is to study the production of 1-Tetradecene through processing and refining process method and to perform energy balance, material balance and design the equipments involved in this process. We used chemcad chemstation software for process simulation and determining the phase envelope graph. We created a component, 1-octacosene in component database of chemcad simulation software.
Existing technologies and industries can be combined to achieve an environmental trifecta: 1) mitigating climate change by sequestering (locking up) CO2, 2) eliminating brine disposal from brine desalination operations, and 3) preventing the salinization and acidification of groundwater and surface waters resulting from road salting, acid precipitation, and acid mine drainage.
The “Carbon Negative Water Solutions environmental trifecta” has three main components detailed as follows:
1) The sequestration of carbon from flue stack capture (FSC), or direct air capture (DAC), of CO2, subsequently incorporated into solid carbonate mineral [MCO3 or MHCO3], or into increased naturally dissolved bicarbonate (HCO3) in groundwater, surface water, and oceans. Dissolved HCO3 can be incorporated into algae for biofuel, fertilizer, or feedstock production.
2) Elimination of brine disposal from both seawater and groundwater brine desalination operations. The most common technology for this step usually involves 1) the electrolysis of brine, producing a base MOH, and 2) the aeration of CO2 gas forming carbonic acid, which reacts with the base to produce a carbonate salt [MCO3 or MHCO3]. Various HxClx marketable byproducts are produced, including H2, Cl2, HCl, and ClOx. The H2 can supplement the hydrogen economy.
3) Prevention of the salinization and acidification of groundwater and surface waters resulting from road salting, acid precipitation, and acid mine drainage. MHCO3 replacing MCl in road salting operations provides non-point source application of bicarbonate for the neutralization of acid precipitation. The elimination of MCl salts prevents the chloride salinization of groundwater and surface waters. MHCO3 can also be applied locally, providing point source application for the neutralization of acid mine drainage point sources.
IIChE Kochi Regional Centre organized CHEM QUIZ 2013, for chemical engineering students across 6 Engineering colleges in Kerala at Government Engineering College, Trichur. Mr. Harinath Viswanathan, BPCL-Kochi Refinery and Alumni of GEC Trichur was the Quiz Master
This Presentation Clarifying about potable Water analysis and their methods which i gave training on operation and maintenance team for Oman Al Ghubrah Independence Water Project (SWRO Desalination 42 MIGD)
Preparation and reaction of aldehyde and ketone, electromeric effect, aldol condensation, cannizarro reaction, perkin condensation, benzoin condensation, nucleophilic addition reaction and uses of aldehyde and ketone
Similar to Co-production of allyl chloride & 1,3-dichloropropene (soil fumigant) (20)
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Co-production of allyl chloride & 1,3-dichloropropene (soil fumigant)
1. CO-PRODUCTION OF
JAE CHO, JOHN CHE & PO CHEN
(soil fumigant)
DEPT. OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, UCSB
JUNE 11, 2013
ALLYL CHLORIDE &
1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
2. PROPYLENE CHLORINATION
2
HCl HCl
DESIRED
UNDESIRED
polychlorinated hydrocarbons
heavy ends
(e.g. tar, coke)
1,2-dichloropropane (12DA)
propylene (P) allyl chloride (AC) 1,3-dichloropropene (13DE)
1,3-Dichloropropene: a profile, Dow Agrosciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN, 1996.
H. P. A. Groll and G. Hearne, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1530-1537, 1939.
$1.87/kg $2.53/kg $2.35/kg*
*assume Floraglow price of $10/gal (92 wt%)
$0.36/kg
Challenge: selectively produce target values of AC and 13DE
3. 3
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
Col-1
Absorber Dryer
Col-2 Col-3
13DE12DA 13DE
Furnace
PFR
Expander
AC 12DA 13DE
Compressor
P Cl HCl
AC
12DA
H2O
P Cl
36 wt% aq. HCl
NaOH
wet NaOH
Recycle P Cl
P Cl
MR=11
T=400°C
P=15 bar
6. 6
Separator design:
ASPEN PLUS
1 2 3 4 5 6
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Cl
P
0.36 HCl
Massfractioninliquid
Stage
AC
12DA
(13DE)
Cl
(HCl,P)
12DA
13DE AC
HCl-P-Cl
AC-12DA-13DE AC
12DA-13DE
12DA
13DE
P-Cl-H2O
P-Cl
15 bar
1 bar
1 bar
1 bar
1 bar
7. 7
Process simulation:
HYSYS
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
Column 3
Column 2
Normalizedoperationcosts
Column pressure [bar]
Column 1
PRSV equation of state model
accurate densities and energies
at high T and p
UNIFAC semi-empirical activity model
correctly predicts VLE
Electrolyte-NTRL
Electrolytic dissociation process during absorption
ConversionCl=0.9373
S13DE/AC=0.2609
S12DA/AC=0.1840
MR=11
T=400 °C
p=15 bar HCl-P-Cl / AC-12DA-13DE
p=15 bar
AC / 12DA-13DE
p=1 bar
12DA / 13DE
p=1 bar
HCl / P-Cl
p=1 bar
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
PR
13D
E/ACT=450
T=400
T=350
T=350
T=400
PR12DA/AC
T=450
ProductRatios
ConversionCl
8. 8
PROPOSED DESIGN
Col-1
Absorber
2.22 kg/s
Dryer
18.13 kg/s
Col-2
Col-3
0.54 kg/s
107.1 °C
1 bar
Fresh Feed
Propene
12DA Product
AC Product
13DAE Product
HCl
3.52 kg/s 36 wt% HCl
Mixer
17.85 kg/s
27.92 °C
1 bar
1.60 kg/s H2O
1.15 kg/s
97.44 °C
1 bar
PFR
1 bar
2.83 kg/s
176.8 °C
15 bar
490.5 °C
400 °C 310 °C 220 °C
130 °C 40 °C
Sat. liq.
32.3 °C
15 bar
22.23 kg/s
27.57 °C
1 bar
400 °C
15 bar
0.28 kg/s H2O
53.18 °C
1 bar
19.41 kg/s
37.14 °C
15 bar
Fresh Feed
Chlorine
2.78 kg/s
1.68 kg/s
44.61 °C
1 bar
0.61 kg/s
94.67 °C
1 bar
0.17 m3
X=0.9373
S54=0.2609
S64=0.1840 15 bar
22 Stages
R=0
6 Stages
Wet NaOH
NaOH
1 bar
37 Stages
R=0.51
1 bar
39 Stages
R=2.45
12. SAFETY ANALYSIS
12
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
400
420
440
460
480
500
Temperature[C]
Reactor volume [m
3
]
Summary Stability and reactivity Auto-ignition [⁰C] Flash point [⁰C]
P Highly flammable, harmful Stable; reactive to oxidizing agents 454.85 -108.15
Cl Non-flamable, harmful Stable; reactive to reducing and combustible agents N/A N/A
HCl Non-flamable, highly harmful Stable; highly reactive to metals N/A N/A
AC Highly flammable, harmful Stable; reactive to oxidizing agents 485 -28.9
13DE Flammable, highly harmful Stable; incompatible with metals N/A 28
12DA Highly flammable, harmful Stable; incompatible with alkali and alkaline metals 557 15
Material Safety Data Sheet, ScienceLab.com, 2005, accessed 2013.
490.5
13. SAFETY ANALYSIS
13
Safe to use? CS SS Monel Ti
P Yes Yes Yes Yes
Cl No Yes Yes Yes
HCl No No Yes* Yes
13DE Yes Yes Yes Yes
12DA Yes Yes Yes Yes
AC No Yes Yes Yes
Compatibility Manual, FMC Technologies, Houston, TX, 1996.
Material Safety Data Sheet, ScienceLab.com, 2005, accessed 2013.
P
Cl
Recycle P & Cl
H2O aq. HCl
AC 12DA
13DE
NaOH H2O-NaOH
*up to 20 wt% concentration
Monel
SS CS
MonelTi
H2O-HCl
H2O-P-Cl P-Cl
H2O-NaOH
AC
12DA-13DE
12DA
13DE
REACTOR
HCl-P-Cl
AC-12DA-13DE
14. NOT RECOMMENDED
CONCLUSION
14
Optimized to selectively produce target values of AC and 13DE…
Pay-out Time: 4.7 years, NPV% = 7.7%, NPVproj = $35.2 MM, TCI = $37.8 MM
Sensitive to uncertain market; high safety risk
Col-1
Absorber
2.22 kg/s
Dryer
18.13 kg/s
Col-2
Col-3
0.54 kg/s
107.1 °C
1 bar
Fresh Feed
Propene
12DA Product
AC Product
13DAE Product
HCl
3.52 kg/s 36 wt% HCl
Mixer
17.85 kg/s
27.92 °C
1 bar
1.60 kg/s H2O
1.15 kg/s
97.44 °C
1 bar
PFR
1 bar
2.83 kg/s
176.8 °C
15 bar
490.5 °C
400 °C 310 °C 220 °C
130 °C 40 °C
Sat. liq.
32.3 °C
15 bar
22.23 kg/s
27.57 °C
1 bar
400 °C
15 bar
0.28 kg/s H2O
53.18 °C
1 bar
19.41 kg/s
37.14 °C
15 bar
Fresh Feed
Chlorine
2.78 kg/s
1.68 kg/s
44.61 °C
1 bar
0.61 kg/s
94.67 °C
1 bar
0.17 m3
X=0.9373
S54=0.2609
S64=0.1840 15 bar
22 Stages
R=0
6 Stages
Wet NaOH
NaOH
1 bar
37 Stages
R=0.51
1 bar
39 Stages
R=2.45
15. THANK YOU
15
Acknowledgements:
Professor Brad Chmelka
Professor Michael Doherty
Professor Duncan Mellichamp
Professor Scott Shell
Jae Cho, John Che, Po Chen | Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara | 2013
22. SAFETY ANALYSIS
22
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
400
420
440
460
480
500
Temperature[C]
Reactor volume [m
3
]
Summary Stability and reactivity Auto-ignition [⁰C] Flash point [⁰C]
P Highly flammable, harmful Stable; reactive to oxidizing agents 454.85 -108.15
Cl Non-flamable, harmful Stable; reactive to reducing and combustible agents N/A N/A
HCl Non-flamable, highly harmful Stable; highly reactive to metals N/A N/A
AC Highly flammable, harmful Stable; reactive to oxidizing agents 485 -28.9
13DE Flammable, highly harmful Stable; incompatible with metals N/A 28
12DA Highly flammable, harmful Stable; incompatible with alkali and alkaline metals 557 15
Material Safety Data Sheet, ScienceLab.com, 2005, accessed 2013.
490.5
23. SAFETY ANALYSIS
23
Safe to use? CS SS Monel Ti
P Yes Yes Yes Yes
Cl No Yes Yes Yes
HCl No No Yes* Yes
13DE Yes Yes Yes Yes
12DA Yes Yes Yes Yes
AC No Yes Yes Yes
Compatibility Manual, FMC Technologies, Houston, TX, 1996.
Material Safety Data Sheet, ScienceLab.com, 2005, accessed 2013.
P
Cl
Recycle P & Cl
H2O aq. HCl
HCl-P-Cl
AC-12DA-13DE
H2O-HCl
H2O-P-Cl P-Cl
H2O-NaOH
AC
12DA-13DE
12DA
13DE
AC 12DA
13DE
REACTOR NaOH H2O-NaOH
*up to 20 wt% concentration
Monel
SS CS
MonelTi
24. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
24
Construction Rate 6.0% PBT $14.7 MM/Yr TCI $37.8 MM
Finance Rate 4.0% Revenue $147.5 MM/Yr TI $37.4 MM
Enterprise Rate 8.0% HCl Stream $9.7 MM/Yr FC $15.0 MM
Tax Rate 48.0% AC Stream $127.7 MM/Yr Reactor $0.0 MM
Salvage Value 3.0% 13DE Stream $10.1 MM/Yr Distillation $0.5 MM
Start-up Capital 10.0% Operating Costs $132.9 MM/Yr Absorbers $1.5 MM
Construction Time 2 years Propylene Stream $94.2 MM/Yr Heat Exchangers $1.0 MM
Project Lifetime 10 years Chlorine Stream $31.2 MM/Yr Compressor $1.6 MM
Pay-out Time 4.7 years Inceration Cost $3.2 MM/Yr Furnace $1.9 MM
NPV0 $41.1 MM Steam Cost $1.2 MM/Yr Working Capital $20.9 MM
NPVproj $35.2 MM Water Cost $0.7 MM/Yr Start-up Cost $1.5 MM
NPV% 7.7% Refrigeration Cost $0.9 MM/Yr
ROIBT 39.2% Furnace Cost $1.2 MM/Yr
IRR 18.7% Compressor Cost $0.3 MM/Yr
P
Cl
HCl
AC
13DE
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
P
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
AC
2005
Price($/kg)
Commodity Chemicals, IndexMundi.com, 2012, accessed 2013
Chemical Economics Handbook:, SRI Consulting, Menlo Park, California, 2010.
sensitivity
25. 25
P Cl HCl AC 13DE 12DA
price [$/kg pure] 1.87 0.36 0.09 2.53 2.17 -0.30
price [$/kmol pure] 76.69 25.53 8.61 193.60 245.27 -22.60
price common units $85/ton
(36 wt% in H2O)
$10/US gallon
(92 wt% soln)
26. 26
Construction Rate 6.0% PBT $14.7 MM/Yr TCI $37.8 MM
Finance Rate 4.0% Revenue $147.5 MM/Yr TI $37.4 MM
Enterprise Rate 8.0% HCl Stream $9.7 MM/Yr FC $15.0 MM
Tax Rate 48.0% AC Stream $127.7 MM/Yr Reactor $0.0 MM
Salvage Value 3.0% 13DE Stream $10.1 MM/Yr Distillation $0.5 MM
Start-up Capital 10.0% Operating Costs $132.9 MM/Yr Absorbers $1.5 MM
Construction Time 2 years Propylene Stream $94.2 MM/Yr Heat Exchangers $1.0 MM
Project Lifetime 10 years Chlorine Stream $31.2 MM/Yr Compressor $1.6 MM
Pay-out Time 4.7 years Inceration Cost $3.2 MM/Yr Furnace $1.9 MM
NPV0 $41.1 MM Steam Cost $1.2 MM/Yr Working Capital $20.9 MM
NPVproj $35.2 MM Water Cost $0.7 MM/Yr Start-up Cost $1.5 MM
NPV% 7.7% Refrigeration Cost $0.9 MM/Yr
ROIBT 39.2% Furnace Cost $1.2 MM/Yr
IRR 18.7% Compressor Cost $0.3 MM/Yr