As air pollutions from brick kilns are a continuosu threat for both human and environment. Here we developed an idea to use genetically modified microorganisms to control air pollution from brick kilns by using biofilters.
Anaerobic digestion is a technologically simple process used to convert organic material into methane through microbial action in the absence of air. The methanogenic activity occurs at 55°C or higher with a neutral pH of 6.5-7.5. High-rate anaerobic reactors like UASB reactors are widely used for wastewater treatment and can achieve organic loading rates of 1-20 kg COD/m3-day with removal efficiencies of 75-85% and retention times of 4-24 hours. Biofilters use microorganisms attached to a solid media to biologically degrade pollutants from air and wastewater streams, while bioscrubbers first absorb gases before biological oxidation in a separate basin
Microbial products are products derived from various microscopic organisms. Microbial products may consist of the organisms themselves and/or the metabolites they produce.
Microbial products are products derived from various microscopic organisms. Microbial products may consist of the organisms themselves and/or the metabolites they produce.
Metabolomics Analysis on Antifungal Activities Produced by Penicillium oxalic...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
—In-vitro antagonist tests such as disc diffusion and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) were conducted against C. gloeosporioides. 1 H-NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to identify possible compounds produced. Glucose crude extract exhibited the highest percent inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) with 75% and the lowest MIC value with 78 µg mL-1. For metabolomics, different metabolites produced were clustered according to the carbon sources used and gave a representative impression of the metabolites produced by P. oxalicum T3.3. The study has shown the potential of using a combination of 1 H-NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis and their correlation with MIC in differentiating the effect of carbon sources used based on the identification of possible metabolites contributing to their differences. Findings from this work may potentially provide the basis for further studies on both antimicrobial activities against plant pathogen and elucidation of the metabolite compounds produced by P. oxalicum T3.3.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses various aspects of textile ecology, including the impacts of textile production processes on the environment and human health. It describes how pollutants from textile manufacturing can interfere with living organisms. Various textile production steps like cultivation, manufacturing, dyeing and finishing are mentioned. Specific pollution issues from desizing, bleaching, dyeing and printing are summarized. Possible treatments for reducing water pollution from textile waste are also outlined.
This document discusses biofiltration as an innovative technology for treating contaminants in gas streams, such as air. It provides details on the types of biofilter support media, including naturally bioactive media like compost and soil, as well as synthetic media used in biotrickling filters. The mechanisms involved in biofiltration and the advantages of biotrickling filters over traditional compost biofilters are also summarized. Biotrickling filters can achieve higher degradation rates, treat higher contaminant concentrations, and offer better pH and nutrient control compared to compost biofilters.
This document discusses various sources and characteristics of wastewater from the textile industry. It describes the manufacturing processes for cotton, wool, rayon, synthetic fibers, silk and jute and identifies the specific steps that generate wastewater, such as desizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing and printing. The wastewater streams contain various pollutants including starch, fats, waxes, grease, dyes, chemicals and suspended solids. If untreated, the wastewater poses environmental and health risks to surrounding communities.
Composting is a simple process that uses microorganisms to break down organic wastes into compost. It works best with the right blend of carbon-rich bulking agents, nitrogen-rich food wastes, and materials with balanced moisture and nutrients. Key parameters that optimize composting include oxygen levels around 10-15%, moisture at 50-60%, and a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25:1. Applying the microbial solution OS1dms-sw accelerates composting to around 30 days, suppresses foul odors, and produces a stable compost free of pathogens.
Anaerobic digestion is a technologically simple process used to convert organic material into methane through microbial action in the absence of air. The methanogenic activity occurs at 55°C or higher with a neutral pH of 6.5-7.5. High-rate anaerobic reactors like UASB reactors are widely used for wastewater treatment and can achieve organic loading rates of 1-20 kg COD/m3-day with removal efficiencies of 75-85% and retention times of 4-24 hours. Biofilters use microorganisms attached to a solid media to biologically degrade pollutants from air and wastewater streams, while bioscrubbers first absorb gases before biological oxidation in a separate basin
Microbial products are products derived from various microscopic organisms. Microbial products may consist of the organisms themselves and/or the metabolites they produce.
Microbial products are products derived from various microscopic organisms. Microbial products may consist of the organisms themselves and/or the metabolites they produce.
Metabolomics Analysis on Antifungal Activities Produced by Penicillium oxalic...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
—In-vitro antagonist tests such as disc diffusion and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) were conducted against C. gloeosporioides. 1 H-NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to identify possible compounds produced. Glucose crude extract exhibited the highest percent inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) with 75% and the lowest MIC value with 78 µg mL-1. For metabolomics, different metabolites produced were clustered according to the carbon sources used and gave a representative impression of the metabolites produced by P. oxalicum T3.3. The study has shown the potential of using a combination of 1 H-NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis and their correlation with MIC in differentiating the effect of carbon sources used based on the identification of possible metabolites contributing to their differences. Findings from this work may potentially provide the basis for further studies on both antimicrobial activities against plant pathogen and elucidation of the metabolite compounds produced by P. oxalicum T3.3.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses various aspects of textile ecology, including the impacts of textile production processes on the environment and human health. It describes how pollutants from textile manufacturing can interfere with living organisms. Various textile production steps like cultivation, manufacturing, dyeing and finishing are mentioned. Specific pollution issues from desizing, bleaching, dyeing and printing are summarized. Possible treatments for reducing water pollution from textile waste are also outlined.
This document discusses biofiltration as an innovative technology for treating contaminants in gas streams, such as air. It provides details on the types of biofilter support media, including naturally bioactive media like compost and soil, as well as synthetic media used in biotrickling filters. The mechanisms involved in biofiltration and the advantages of biotrickling filters over traditional compost biofilters are also summarized. Biotrickling filters can achieve higher degradation rates, treat higher contaminant concentrations, and offer better pH and nutrient control compared to compost biofilters.
This document discusses various sources and characteristics of wastewater from the textile industry. It describes the manufacturing processes for cotton, wool, rayon, synthetic fibers, silk and jute and identifies the specific steps that generate wastewater, such as desizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing and printing. The wastewater streams contain various pollutants including starch, fats, waxes, grease, dyes, chemicals and suspended solids. If untreated, the wastewater poses environmental and health risks to surrounding communities.
Composting is a simple process that uses microorganisms to break down organic wastes into compost. It works best with the right blend of carbon-rich bulking agents, nitrogen-rich food wastes, and materials with balanced moisture and nutrients. Key parameters that optimize composting include oxygen levels around 10-15%, moisture at 50-60%, and a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25:1. Applying the microbial solution OS1dms-sw accelerates composting to around 30 days, suppresses foul odors, and produces a stable compost free of pathogens.
The document discusses various methods for remediating contaminated land, including conventional methods and bioremediation. Conventional methods are very expensive, involve transporting hazardous materials, and do not destroy contaminants. Bioremediation uses natural biological processes and is a potentially better approach. It can destroy or immobilize contaminants on-site inexpensively using microorganisms and plants. The document outlines different types of bioremediation including in situ and ex situ techniques like bioaugmentation, phytoremediation, and rhizofiltration that use microbes and plants to remediate contamination.
Discussion on banned dyes and chemicals In textile industriesEmranKabirSubarno
This document discusses banned dyes and chemicals in the textile industry. It provides background on the textile industry in Bangladesh and explains that chemicals are used for cleaning, dyeing, and other processing but some have been banned due to health and environmental concerns. Specific banned substances that are mentioned include alkylphenols, phthalates, brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated chemicals, chlorobenzenes, heavy metals, and some azo dyes due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation, and negative health effects. The document also outlines some organizations working on chemical safety standards and restricted substance lists for the textile industry.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses the microbiology of trickling filters, which are used in wastewater treatment. It contains the following key points:
1. Trickling filters use an attached growth process where microorganisms develop biofilms on the surface of media. Extracellular polymeric substances help attach microorganisms to the media and each other.
2. The biofilm is about 0.1-0.2mm thick and contains a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and other microbes. Nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite and nitrate.
3. The biofilm sloughs off periodically as oxygen diffusion decreases and anaerobic conditions develop deeper
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) SMOG is a combination of smoke and fog caused by air pollution from various sources such as vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, and volcanic eruptions.
2) SMOG can damage crops and plants by inhibiting growth and increasing susceptibility to disease. It can also affect humans by worsening respiratory and cardiovascular health.
3) Solutions to reduce SMOG include using renewable energy, lowering vehicle and industrial emissions through regulations, and deploying air purification technologies like mist cannons, organic farming techniques, and large air purifier towers.
This document discusses the role of ethanol in preventing biofilm formation of the fungus Penicillium purpurogenum. Scanning electron microscopy showed that ethanol amended cultures exhibited a looser mycelial network compared to tight networks in control cultures, indicating ethanol decreased cell-cell and cell-surface adhesion. Experiments with glass, polystyrene, and tin strips found that ethanol amended cultures showed less adhesion on surfaces than control cultures. Biochemical assays demonstrated that ethanol induced oxidative stress in the fungus and decreased biomass, pigment production, and surface-bound proteins and exopolysaccharides. Therefore, ethanol can be used to control surface properties of fungi and inhibit biofilm formation.
Refrigerated gas storage and controlled atmosphere storage involve controlling the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and temperature levels surrounding stored foods to extend shelf life. Controlled atmosphere storage works by lowering oxygen levels which reduces respiration and microbial growth in foods like apples, pears, and kiwi fruits, allowing for long-term refrigerated storage. Nitrogen is also used in modified atmosphere packaging to displace oxygen and increase food shelf life for products like grains and legumes.
The document summarizes a pilot-scale study on ex-situ bioremediation of chlorobenzenes in contaminated soil. Three 6 m3 soil cells were treated with varying amounts (0-35%) of organic amendments and nutrients to stimulate native microorganisms. Over 2-3 weeks, approximately 90% of dichlorobenzene was removed from soils, with residual levels below detection limits. Laboratory tests confirmed the presence of microorganisms capable of mineralizing chlorobenzenes in the treated soils. The study demonstrates that vented ex-situ biotreatment can effectively remove chlorobenzenes through biodegradation without excessive losses from volatilization.
Water Pollution and its control through biotechnologyRachana Tiwari
Water pollution occurs from both point and non-point sources and can be physical, chemical, or biological in nature. It affects plants and organisms in bodies of water. Biotechnological control of water pollution uses aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes. Aerobic processes use microorganisms like Pseudomonas and algae to break down pollutants, and occur in suspended growth systems like activated sludge or attached growth systems like trickling filters. Anaerobic processes use microbes like Peptococcus anaerobus and Escherichia coli to treat waste in the absence of oxygen in digesters.
Removal of Lignin from aqueous solution using Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as an effec...IJERA Editor
The study was carried out to find out the adsorption efficiency of lignin from paper mill waste water by using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The physico-chemical analysis of paper mill effluent results high B.O.D value. Separations of lignin from black liquor were done by acid precipitation method and removal of lignin was done with nanoparticles. Synthesis of nanoparticles was done by co-precipitation method by mixing and stirring of FeCl3.6H2O and FeCl2.4H2O solution at 2:1 molar ratio. The nanoparticles were characterized by using U.V-Vis spectrophotometer and X-Ray Diffraction. U.V-Vis spectra show absorbance spectra at around 585 nm while XRD revealed around 10 nm sizes of Fe3O4 MNPs. The removal efficiency of lignin by Fe3O4 MNPs was investigated at different pH and contact time. Maximum adsorption of lignin onto the surface of Fe3O4 MNPs took place at pH 2.5 and 10 mins of contact time. Desorption of lignin by nanoparticles was studies by using different organic solvents.
This document discusses remediation of oil contaminated sites. It begins by outlining various sources of land and water contamination including oil spills, industrial activities, and agriculture. The effects of oil contamination include environmental damage, health impacts, and agricultural effects. The document then examines several remediation techniques including physicochemical methods like soil washing, soil vapor extraction and solidification/stabilization. Thermal methods such as thermal desorption and incineration and biological techniques including bioremediation, land farming and phytoremediation are also discussed. Key factors to consider when selecting a remediation method include site characteristics, soil properties, and contaminant type and concentration. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the importance of preventing sp
Oxygen Interference in Methane Generation from Biodegradation of Solid Waste ...crimsonpublisherspps
The main solid wastes from tanneries are wet-blue shavings (chrome tanned leather) and sludge emitted mainly from waste-water treatment plants (WWTP). The main degradation process that occurs on solid media is anaerobic digestion. In this process the main products are methane (CH4), which has a high calorific value, and carbon dioxide (CO2); together these gases compose the emitted biogas. Methanogens, which are strict anaerobes, are responsible for the last step of anaerobic digestion and it is through their metabolism that methane is generated
https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/fulltext/PPS.000505.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Prime research material
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/
The document summarizes characterization and treatment of effluents from textile chemical processing. It discusses that textile effluents are diverse in nature and contain a large variety of organic and inorganic materials. Common effluent treatment plants are suggested for small units to share costs. Water pollution is highest for the textile industry due to large water consumption. Effluent treatment includes primary, secondary and tertiary steps. Reverse osmosis is an efficient tertiary treatment but is capital intensive. Waste minimization through cleaner production is emphasized for pollution prevention and reduction in treatment costs.
Impact of the Dye industry on the EnvironmentNeha Kumar
Dyes are natural or synthetic substances used to add or change color. Over 10,000 dyes are used industrially, with azo dyes constituting 60-70% of production. The textile industry uses most dyes, accounting for 1.3 million tons annually. Dyeing effluents can pollute water and air, releasing toxic and carcinogenic compounds. In particular, dye wastewater from textile plants is considered one of the most polluting industrial effluents. Common environmental impacts include reduced photosynthesis from dyed water, toxicity and carcinogenicity of certain dyes and their breakdown products. India's dye industries significantly pollute waterways like the river Kshipra. Stric
effect of gases on vegetable productionRicha Naula
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone in the atmosphere can impact the growth and yield of plants. Carbon dioxide acts as a nutrient for plants and increases photosynthesis, but other gases like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide can reduce plant growth and damage leaves at high concentrations. Ozone is also phytotoxic and causes leaf injury in crops like tomato, spinach, and radish. Studies have shown that elevated carbon dioxide can increase plant biomass and yield of some vegetables like tomato, while air pollutants decrease these parameters. The effects of gases depend on the concentration and duration of exposure.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Biofiltration is an air pollution control technique which involves bio degradation of contaminants under the action of microorganisms, diffused in a thin layer of moisture known as “BIOFILM”, mainly used for elimination of malodorous gas emissions and low concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
Biofiltration is a pollution control technique that uses a bioreactor containing living material to biologically degrade pollutants in waste water, surface runoff, or contaminated air. It is a green process that uses small amounts of power compared to thermal or catalytic control units. There are different types of biofilters based on layout, support media used, and shape. The biofiltration process involves contaminated air passing through a moist filter medium that provides conditions for microorganisms to absorb and degrade the contaminants into carbon dioxide through a combination of adsorption, absorption, and microbial degradation. Major considerations for the filter medium include its ability to retain moisture and microbes, provide a large surface area, retain nutrients, and allow low resistance air
This document provides an overview of bioremediation presented by Md. Shoyeb. It defines bioremediation as using organisms or their enzymes to return polluted environments to their original condition. The mechanisms, principles, strategies (in situ and ex situ), types (bioventing, biosparging, bioaugmentation), advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Key contaminants amenable to bioremediation are identified along with persistent pollutants that are difficult to degrade.
The document discusses various methods for remediating contaminated land, including conventional methods and bioremediation. Conventional methods are very expensive, involve transporting hazardous materials, and do not destroy contaminants. Bioremediation uses natural biological processes and is a potentially better approach. It can destroy or immobilize contaminants on-site inexpensively using microorganisms and plants. The document outlines different types of bioremediation including in situ and ex situ techniques like bioaugmentation, phytoremediation, and rhizofiltration that use microbes and plants to remediate contamination.
Discussion on banned dyes and chemicals In textile industriesEmranKabirSubarno
This document discusses banned dyes and chemicals in the textile industry. It provides background on the textile industry in Bangladesh and explains that chemicals are used for cleaning, dyeing, and other processing but some have been banned due to health and environmental concerns. Specific banned substances that are mentioned include alkylphenols, phthalates, brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated chemicals, chlorobenzenes, heavy metals, and some azo dyes due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation, and negative health effects. The document also outlines some organizations working on chemical safety standards and restricted substance lists for the textile industry.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses the microbiology of trickling filters, which are used in wastewater treatment. It contains the following key points:
1. Trickling filters use an attached growth process where microorganisms develop biofilms on the surface of media. Extracellular polymeric substances help attach microorganisms to the media and each other.
2. The biofilm is about 0.1-0.2mm thick and contains a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and other microbes. Nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite and nitrate.
3. The biofilm sloughs off periodically as oxygen diffusion decreases and anaerobic conditions develop deeper
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) SMOG is a combination of smoke and fog caused by air pollution from various sources such as vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, and volcanic eruptions.
2) SMOG can damage crops and plants by inhibiting growth and increasing susceptibility to disease. It can also affect humans by worsening respiratory and cardiovascular health.
3) Solutions to reduce SMOG include using renewable energy, lowering vehicle and industrial emissions through regulations, and deploying air purification technologies like mist cannons, organic farming techniques, and large air purifier towers.
This document discusses the role of ethanol in preventing biofilm formation of the fungus Penicillium purpurogenum. Scanning electron microscopy showed that ethanol amended cultures exhibited a looser mycelial network compared to tight networks in control cultures, indicating ethanol decreased cell-cell and cell-surface adhesion. Experiments with glass, polystyrene, and tin strips found that ethanol amended cultures showed less adhesion on surfaces than control cultures. Biochemical assays demonstrated that ethanol induced oxidative stress in the fungus and decreased biomass, pigment production, and surface-bound proteins and exopolysaccharides. Therefore, ethanol can be used to control surface properties of fungi and inhibit biofilm formation.
Refrigerated gas storage and controlled atmosphere storage involve controlling the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and temperature levels surrounding stored foods to extend shelf life. Controlled atmosphere storage works by lowering oxygen levels which reduces respiration and microbial growth in foods like apples, pears, and kiwi fruits, allowing for long-term refrigerated storage. Nitrogen is also used in modified atmosphere packaging to displace oxygen and increase food shelf life for products like grains and legumes.
The document summarizes a pilot-scale study on ex-situ bioremediation of chlorobenzenes in contaminated soil. Three 6 m3 soil cells were treated with varying amounts (0-35%) of organic amendments and nutrients to stimulate native microorganisms. Over 2-3 weeks, approximately 90% of dichlorobenzene was removed from soils, with residual levels below detection limits. Laboratory tests confirmed the presence of microorganisms capable of mineralizing chlorobenzenes in the treated soils. The study demonstrates that vented ex-situ biotreatment can effectively remove chlorobenzenes through biodegradation without excessive losses from volatilization.
Water Pollution and its control through biotechnologyRachana Tiwari
Water pollution occurs from both point and non-point sources and can be physical, chemical, or biological in nature. It affects plants and organisms in bodies of water. Biotechnological control of water pollution uses aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes. Aerobic processes use microorganisms like Pseudomonas and algae to break down pollutants, and occur in suspended growth systems like activated sludge or attached growth systems like trickling filters. Anaerobic processes use microbes like Peptococcus anaerobus and Escherichia coli to treat waste in the absence of oxygen in digesters.
Removal of Lignin from aqueous solution using Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as an effec...IJERA Editor
The study was carried out to find out the adsorption efficiency of lignin from paper mill waste water by using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The physico-chemical analysis of paper mill effluent results high B.O.D value. Separations of lignin from black liquor were done by acid precipitation method and removal of lignin was done with nanoparticles. Synthesis of nanoparticles was done by co-precipitation method by mixing and stirring of FeCl3.6H2O and FeCl2.4H2O solution at 2:1 molar ratio. The nanoparticles were characterized by using U.V-Vis spectrophotometer and X-Ray Diffraction. U.V-Vis spectra show absorbance spectra at around 585 nm while XRD revealed around 10 nm sizes of Fe3O4 MNPs. The removal efficiency of lignin by Fe3O4 MNPs was investigated at different pH and contact time. Maximum adsorption of lignin onto the surface of Fe3O4 MNPs took place at pH 2.5 and 10 mins of contact time. Desorption of lignin by nanoparticles was studies by using different organic solvents.
This document discusses remediation of oil contaminated sites. It begins by outlining various sources of land and water contamination including oil spills, industrial activities, and agriculture. The effects of oil contamination include environmental damage, health impacts, and agricultural effects. The document then examines several remediation techniques including physicochemical methods like soil washing, soil vapor extraction and solidification/stabilization. Thermal methods such as thermal desorption and incineration and biological techniques including bioremediation, land farming and phytoremediation are also discussed. Key factors to consider when selecting a remediation method include site characteristics, soil properties, and contaminant type and concentration. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the importance of preventing sp
Oxygen Interference in Methane Generation from Biodegradation of Solid Waste ...crimsonpublisherspps
The main solid wastes from tanneries are wet-blue shavings (chrome tanned leather) and sludge emitted mainly from waste-water treatment plants (WWTP). The main degradation process that occurs on solid media is anaerobic digestion. In this process the main products are methane (CH4), which has a high calorific value, and carbon dioxide (CO2); together these gases compose the emitted biogas. Methanogens, which are strict anaerobes, are responsible for the last step of anaerobic digestion and it is through their metabolism that methane is generated
https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/fulltext/PPS.000505.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Prime research material
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/
The document summarizes characterization and treatment of effluents from textile chemical processing. It discusses that textile effluents are diverse in nature and contain a large variety of organic and inorganic materials. Common effluent treatment plants are suggested for small units to share costs. Water pollution is highest for the textile industry due to large water consumption. Effluent treatment includes primary, secondary and tertiary steps. Reverse osmosis is an efficient tertiary treatment but is capital intensive. Waste minimization through cleaner production is emphasized for pollution prevention and reduction in treatment costs.
Impact of the Dye industry on the EnvironmentNeha Kumar
Dyes are natural or synthetic substances used to add or change color. Over 10,000 dyes are used industrially, with azo dyes constituting 60-70% of production. The textile industry uses most dyes, accounting for 1.3 million tons annually. Dyeing effluents can pollute water and air, releasing toxic and carcinogenic compounds. In particular, dye wastewater from textile plants is considered one of the most polluting industrial effluents. Common environmental impacts include reduced photosynthesis from dyed water, toxicity and carcinogenicity of certain dyes and their breakdown products. India's dye industries significantly pollute waterways like the river Kshipra. Stric
effect of gases on vegetable productionRicha Naula
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone in the atmosphere can impact the growth and yield of plants. Carbon dioxide acts as a nutrient for plants and increases photosynthesis, but other gases like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide can reduce plant growth and damage leaves at high concentrations. Ozone is also phytotoxic and causes leaf injury in crops like tomato, spinach, and radish. Studies have shown that elevated carbon dioxide can increase plant biomass and yield of some vegetables like tomato, while air pollutants decrease these parameters. The effects of gases depend on the concentration and duration of exposure.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Biofiltration is an air pollution control technique which involves bio degradation of contaminants under the action of microorganisms, diffused in a thin layer of moisture known as “BIOFILM”, mainly used for elimination of malodorous gas emissions and low concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
Biofiltration is a pollution control technique that uses a bioreactor containing living material to biologically degrade pollutants in waste water, surface runoff, or contaminated air. It is a green process that uses small amounts of power compared to thermal or catalytic control units. There are different types of biofilters based on layout, support media used, and shape. The biofiltration process involves contaminated air passing through a moist filter medium that provides conditions for microorganisms to absorb and degrade the contaminants into carbon dioxide through a combination of adsorption, absorption, and microbial degradation. Major considerations for the filter medium include its ability to retain moisture and microbes, provide a large surface area, retain nutrients, and allow low resistance air
This document provides an overview of bioremediation presented by Md. Shoyeb. It defines bioremediation as using organisms or their enzymes to return polluted environments to their original condition. The mechanisms, principles, strategies (in situ and ex situ), types (bioventing, biosparging, bioaugmentation), advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Key contaminants amenable to bioremediation are identified along with persistent pollutants that are difficult to degrade.
Biofilters can effectively reduce odors and air pollutants from animal agriculture facilities by 95% or more. They work by passing contaminated air through a moist biofilm that contains microorganisms. These microorganisms break down the odorous gases and other pollutants. Biofilters are actively researched and may provide additional benefits in the future like reducing disease transmission and greenhouse gases. They can treat air from barns, manure storage units, and pit fans on barns. Biofilters come in horizontal and vertical designs and open or closed configurations.
Biofiltration for Treatment of Volatile Organic CompoundsGraham Brown
This document summarizes a study on a small-scale biofiltration system set up at Mount Royal University to treat volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The system reduced inlet VOC concentrations from over 2000 ppm to a steady state of 28.8 ppm over its operational period. While the system removed a small percentage of contaminants by weight (0.07%), optimizing parameters like temperature, nutrient content and airflow rate could improve removal efficiency and treatment of heavier fractions. The report recommends fully optimizing biofiltration systems and combining with other remediation technologies for effective field-scale treatment of VOCs.
Bioremediation is the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site.
and today we need our environment to be clean & lovable to stay healthy and secure future.
The document discusses biodegradation and bioremediation. It defines biodegradation as nature's way of breaking down organic matter using microorganisms. Biodegradation can occur aerobically or anaerobically. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to transform hazardous contaminants into less harmful byproducts and is used to treat contaminated sites. There are two types of bioremediation - in situ, which treats contamination on site, and ex situ, which physically extracts contaminated media. Ex situ techniques include solid phase methods like landfarming and biopiling, and slurry phase treatment in bioreactors. Bioremediation has advantages of being relatively low cost and having general public acceptance.
The document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to break down environmental pollutants and clean contaminated sites. It can be done through microbial remediation using various microbes, or phytoremediation which uses plants. Bioremediation aims to reduce pollutant levels to safe standards. It works by stimulating microbial growth to consume contaminants as food and convert them into harmless gases. While effective, it has limitations like unknown degradation byproducts and potential for mobilizing or bioaccumulating contaminants.
A detailed presentation on current hot emerging topic BIOREMEDIATION explaining the process and the needs with advantages and disadvantages of the same
This document summarizes research on using microorganisms for bioremediation of environmental pollutants. It discusses how bioremediation uses microbes like bacteria and fungi to break down toxic waste into less harmful substances. The document reviews studies on designing bioreactors to clean contaminated soil and water. One study discussed used a designed surface soil treatment unit and cow dung microbial consortia to bioremediate common pesticides like chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil, maintaining simulated environmental conditions until thresholds were met. Overall, the document reviews the potential of bioremediation technology to degrade hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants using microbes into less toxic forms.
Biofilters provide an effective and low-cost method for controlling air pollution by passing contaminated air streams through a porous media bed containing microorganisms. The microorganisms degrade the contaminants as the air passes through the media. Key factors in biofilter design and operation include maintaining proper moisture content, temperature, pH, nutrient levels, and gas residence time to support microbial growth. Biofilters are applicable across various industries and can achieve high removal efficiencies of 80-95% for many pollutants like VOCs, odors, and reduced sulfur compounds through microbial biodegradation processes.
The document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants. It describes different types of bioremediation including in situ and ex situ methods. In situ bioremediation occurs on-site and can be intrinsic or engineered, while ex situ involves removing contaminated material for treatment using methods like land farming, composting, or biopiles. The document also outlines factors influencing bioremediation and lists some advantages and limitations.
This document discusses environmental biotechnology and bioremediation. It begins with an introduction and overview of environmental biotechnology and why it is needed. It then discusses definitions of key terms like bioremediation, biodegradation, and xenobiotic compounds. The main body discusses various bioremediation techniques like bioremediation of polluted environments, phytoremediation, biosurfactants, immobilized enzymes and cells, and ex-situ and in-situ bioremediation. It concludes by emphasizing the aims of environmental biotechnology to prevent environmental degradation through appropriate use of biotechnology and other technologies while ensuring safety.
This document provides an overview of bioremediation and phytoremediation. It defines bioremediation as using biological organisms like microbes and plants to treat contaminated soil and water. The document discusses the history of bioremediation and categorizes different bioremediation techniques. It also outlines the pros and cons of various in-situ and ex-situ bioremediation methods like bioventing, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, biosparging, land farming and composting. Finally, it introduces the concept of phytoremediation and notes that it involves using plants to remediate environmental contaminants.
Bio oxidation- a technology for sustainable pollution controlPriyam Jyoti Borah
Bio-oxidation is a. biological air pollution. control technology. that utilizes bacteria & fungi to biologically absorb and digest vapor-phase VOCs and odorous compounds commonly found in industrial and municipal applications.
The document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to break down environmental pollutants and clean contaminated sites. It describes different types of bioremediation including microbial remediation, which uses bacteria and fungi, and phytoremediation, which uses plants. The goals, methods, applications, advantages and limitations of bioremediation are summarized. Key bioremediation techniques mentioned are bioventing, land-farming, bioaugmentation, and biopiles.
This document summarizes biodegradation and bioremediation. It defines biodegradation as the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Bioremediation uses these microorganisms to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. The mechanism of biodegradation involves three stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and assimilation. Biodegradation can occur aerobically, in the presence of oxygen, or anaerobically, in the absence of oxygen. Bioremediation has advantages like completely destroying contaminants on-site, but is limited to biodegradable compounds and can take a long time.
The document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to clean up polluted environments. It defines bioremediation as using microbes or their enzymes to return polluted environments to their original condition. Common pollutants that can be treated with bioremediation include petroleum hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, explosives, and some inorganic compounds. Bioremediation has advantages like being cost effective and using a natural process, though it also has disadvantages like not being instantaneous and compounds sometimes needing to be in a biodegradable form first. In conclusion, bioremediation is an attractive alternative to traditional remediation methods for cleaning contaminated sites.
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Controlling Air pollution from Brick Kilns by inserting biofilter with Genetically modified microorganism
1. TEAM SWAG
Atikur Rahman
Tasmina Ferdous Susmi
Farzana Yasmin
Controlling Air pollution from
Brick Kilns by inserting
biofilter with Genetically
modified microorganism
2. BRICK KILNS AND
AIR POLLUTION
There are 7,707 brick kilns in the
country
DoE permission is mandatory for
brick kilns. But 2015 data show at
least 1,957 of them did not have it
WHO in 2018 said Dhaka was the
world's third worst city in terms of
air pollution, behind Delhi and
Cairo.
A five-year survey found that
Narayanganj has the most polluted Source: National Daily
3. BIOFILTER AND BIOFILTRATION
Biofiltration is a relatively new pollution control
technology.
It is an attractive technique for the elimination of
malodorous gas emissions and of low concentrations
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
A biofilter’s main function is to bring microorganisms
into contact with pollutants contained in an air stream.
4. BIOFILTER AND BIOFILTRATION
Biofiltration is done by using biofilters.
Biofilters are the packed-bed units in which gas is
blown through bed of compost or soil covered by an
active biofilm made by the natural microorganisms.
The microorganisms consume the gaseous organic
pollutants and use as source of carbon and energy.
Instead, it may contain an inner support where a
special pool of microorganisms is cultivated.
The harmful compounds are degraded by an active
biofilm covering the bed.
6. GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICROBIAL
BIOMASS
Thermophiles, or thermophilic bacteria, are a type of
extreme bacteria (extremophiles) that thrive in
temperatures above 131 degrees Fahrenheit (55 Celsius).
There are several thermophilic microbial organisms
such as Pyrolobus fumari, Chloroflexus aurantiacus,
Thermus aquaticus, Thermus thermophiles etc.
We are going to modify one of these organisms
genetically by inserting the specific gene for degrading
the pollution in air like those are present in normal
biofilter process (actinomycetes, mainly Streptomyces
spp etc).
7. MECHANISM
The contaminated air flows slowly through porous media
such as soils, peat, compost, activated carbon, plastic
packing material that supports a degradative microbial
population attached to walls of the pores.
The contaminants are converted into liquid phase and
transported to bacterial cell in the biofilm and transferred
across the cell membrane, where the compound is
degraded and used in cell metabolism.
The treatment process depends on the mechanisms of
direct adsorption in biofilm and degradation.
The VOC converted into the simpler form and release the
8.
9. ADVANTAGES OF BIOFILTRATION
Using biofiltration over other more convention control
methods are lower capital costs, lower operating costs, low
chemical usage, and no combustion source.
Can be designed to physically fit into any industrial setting.
Can be designed as any shape, size or as an open field
with the piping and delivery system underground. In
addition, multiple units can be run in parallel.
Biofiltration is versatile enough to treat odors, toxic
compounds, and VOCs.