Biofiltration is an air pollution control technique which involves bio degradation of contaminants under the action of microorganisms, diffused in a thin layer of moisture known as “BIOFILM”, mainly used for elimination of malodorous gas emissions and low concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
Use of biofilters for air pollution controlIshaneeSharma
This presentation is about the use of biofilters in air pollution control. Working principle of biofilters, where it is used, its advantages and disadvantages have been discussed in this presentation. Various design parameters are also discussed.
References:
1. https://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/MISC/biofilt/biofiltration.htm
2. https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/fbiorect.pdf
3. https://civildigital.com/detailed-study-biofilters-controlling-air-pollution-seminar-presentation/
4. https://emis.vito.be/en/techniekfiche/biofilter-0
5. https://www.slideshare.net/AabidMir/biofilters-and-air-pollution-controll/25
Use of biofilters for air pollution controlIshaneeSharma
This presentation is about the use of biofilters in air pollution control. Working principle of biofilters, where it is used, its advantages and disadvantages have been discussed in this presentation. Various design parameters are also discussed.
References:
1. https://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/MISC/biofilt/biofiltration.htm
2. https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/fbiorect.pdf
3. https://civildigital.com/detailed-study-biofilters-controlling-air-pollution-seminar-presentation/
4. https://emis.vito.be/en/techniekfiche/biofilter-0
5. https://www.slideshare.net/AabidMir/biofilters-and-air-pollution-controll/25
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
Presentation contain Waste-water treatment technologies for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. It includes Eutrophication, Nitrogen Removal by Nitrification and denitrification, Phosphorus Removal by Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal and by Chemical Treatment.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology, normally referred to as UASB reactor, is a form of anaerobic digester that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
The UASB reactor is a methanogenic (methane-producing) digester that evolved from the anaerobic clarigester. A similar but variant technology to UASB is the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) digester. A diagramatic comparison of different anaerobic digesters can be found here.
UASB uses an anaerobic process whilst forming a blanket of granular sludge which suspends in the tank. Wastewater flows upwards through the blanket and is processed (degraded) by the anaerobic microorganisms. The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the blanket with the aid of flocculants. The blanket begins to reach maturity at around 3 months. Small sludge granules begin to form whose surface area is covered in aggregations of bacteria. In the absence of any support matrix, the flow conditions creates a selective environment in which only those microorganisms, capable of attaching to each other, survive and proliferate. Eventually the aggregates form into dense compact biofilms referred to as "granules".A picture of anaerobic sludge granules can be found here.
Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product, and this may be captured and used as an energy source, to generate electricity for export and to cover its own running power. The technology needs constant monitoring when put into use to ensure that the sludge blanket is maintained, and not washed out (thereby losing the effect). The heat produced as a by-product of electricity generation can be reused to heat the digestion tanks.
The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic (liquid) retention time in the digesters. Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can remain in the reactors for periods up to 90 days. Sugars dissolved in the liquid waste stream can be converted into gas quickly in the liquid phase which can exit the system in less than a day.
Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatmentwwwtwastewater
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane filtration process with a suspended growth bioreactor. It is a very advanced technology and is now widely used
for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
Biological Treatment of Wastewater by Activated Sludge Process Vaibhav Kambale
Very important Secondary Treatment of Wastewater which is followed in the design of most of the types of conventional sewage treatment plant. Hence it is important to understand the basic principles of Activated Sludge Process
WASTE WATER TREATMENT BY AERATED LAGOONS , AN EFFECTIVE METHODOLOGY FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT ALONG WITH ITS DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS AND WITH ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES .
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
Presentation contain Waste-water treatment technologies for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. It includes Eutrophication, Nitrogen Removal by Nitrification and denitrification, Phosphorus Removal by Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal and by Chemical Treatment.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology, normally referred to as UASB reactor, is a form of anaerobic digester that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
The UASB reactor is a methanogenic (methane-producing) digester that evolved from the anaerobic clarigester. A similar but variant technology to UASB is the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) digester. A diagramatic comparison of different anaerobic digesters can be found here.
UASB uses an anaerobic process whilst forming a blanket of granular sludge which suspends in the tank. Wastewater flows upwards through the blanket and is processed (degraded) by the anaerobic microorganisms. The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the blanket with the aid of flocculants. The blanket begins to reach maturity at around 3 months. Small sludge granules begin to form whose surface area is covered in aggregations of bacteria. In the absence of any support matrix, the flow conditions creates a selective environment in which only those microorganisms, capable of attaching to each other, survive and proliferate. Eventually the aggregates form into dense compact biofilms referred to as "granules".A picture of anaerobic sludge granules can be found here.
Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product, and this may be captured and used as an energy source, to generate electricity for export and to cover its own running power. The technology needs constant monitoring when put into use to ensure that the sludge blanket is maintained, and not washed out (thereby losing the effect). The heat produced as a by-product of electricity generation can be reused to heat the digestion tanks.
The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic (liquid) retention time in the digesters. Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can remain in the reactors for periods up to 90 days. Sugars dissolved in the liquid waste stream can be converted into gas quickly in the liquid phase which can exit the system in less than a day.
Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatmentwwwtwastewater
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane filtration process with a suspended growth bioreactor. It is a very advanced technology and is now widely used
for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
Biological Treatment of Wastewater by Activated Sludge Process Vaibhav Kambale
Very important Secondary Treatment of Wastewater which is followed in the design of most of the types of conventional sewage treatment plant. Hence it is important to understand the basic principles of Activated Sludge Process
WASTE WATER TREATMENT BY AERATED LAGOONS , AN EFFECTIVE METHODOLOGY FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT ALONG WITH ITS DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS AND WITH ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES .
Bio oxidation- a technology for sustainable pollution controlPriyam Jyoti Borah
Bio-oxidation is a. biological air pollution. control technology. that utilizes bacteria & fungi to biologically absorb and digest vapor-phase VOCs and odorous compounds commonly found in industrial and municipal applications.
A biofilter is a bed of media on which microorganisms attach and grow to form a biological layer.
The layer thus formed is referred as a Bio film.
The biofilm is formed by a community of different microorganisms bacteria, fungi, yeast, macro-organisms like protozoa, worms, insect's larvae, etc.
Controlling Air pollution from Brick Kilns by inserting biofilter with Geneti...Atikur Rahman
As air pollutions from brick kilns are a continuosu threat for both human and environment. Here we developed an idea to use genetically modified microorganisms to control air pollution from brick kilns by using biofilters.
Use of biotechnology in the treatment of municipal wastes and hazardousindust...Sijo A
Industrial waste water is a type of waste water produced by industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills and mines.
It is characterised by its large volume, high temperature, high concentration of biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids, high alkanity or acidity and by variations of flow.
The treatment of wastes by micro-organisms is called biological waste treatment.
Bioremediation is the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site.
and today we need our environment to be clean & lovable to stay healthy and secure future.
Trickling Filter
A trickling filter is a type of wastewater treatment system.
• A trickling filter , also called trickling biofilter, biofilter, biological filter and biological trickling filter , is a fixed-bed, biological
reactor that operates under (mostly) aerobic conditions.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Biofiltration
1. BIOFILTRATION IN AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL
Guided By Dr. Anil Sharma
Maulana Azad National Institute of
Technology,Bhopal
Presented By
Yogesh Krishna Tiwari
Scholar id : 202111306
2. INTRODUCTION
Biofiltration is an air pollution control technique which involves bio
degradation of contaminants under the action of microorganisms,
diffused in a thin layer of moisture known as “BIOFILM”,
mainly used for elimination of malodorous gas emissions and low
concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
3. WHY BIOFILTRATION IS IMPORTANT
● Bio filtration is a recent air pollution control (APC) technology in which
off-gases containing biodegradable volatile organic compounds (VOC) or
inorganic air toxics are vented through a biologically active material.
● Normally, bioreactors do not require full-time labor and the only
operating supplies needed are small quantities of macronutrients.
● Bioreactors only use small amount of electrical power to drive two or
three small motors.
4. TYPES OF BIOFILTERS
ON THE BASIS OF LAYOUT
Open Bed : Uncovered and Exposed to all Weather conditions.
Closed Bed : Enclosed with a small exhaust port for venting of cleaned air.
ON THE BASIS OF SHAPE
Horizontal biofilters :
● Required large area.
● Relatively inexpensive.
● Easy maintenance.
Vertical biofilters :
● Use less surface area compared to Horizontal.
● Expensive.
● Not easy to Maintain.
6. THEORY OF BIOFILTER OPERATION
● The gas passes upward through perforated pipes and the biofilter media
bed.
● The contaminants in the gas are either adsorbed onto the solid particles
of the media or absorbed into the water layer that exists on the media
particles.
● The media of the filter functions as a supplement to the gas stream being
treated for organic nutrients.
● The absorbed gases are oxidized by the microorganisms to CO2 .
The process of Bio Degradation is—
● Organic Pollutant + O2 CO2+ H2O + Heat + Biomass
8. Process Description of Biofiltration
● Biofiltration utilizes a supported media for microbial growth to remove
odors and organic contaminants from air streams.
● The filter consists of a closed chamber containing contaminant degrading
microbes and absorbed water suspended in a filter medium.
● The filter medium is designed to provide a high capacity for water uptake,
have a long working life, and provide a low pressure drop for the gases
passing through the media.
● In the biofiltration process, contaminated air is moistened by a humidifier
and is pumped into the biofilter through a chamber below the filter medium
passes out of the top of the biofilter and into the atmosphere.
9. Schematic Diagram Of A Biofilter Unit
Adsorption
Absorption
Microbial degradation
Most biofilters that are in operation today can treat odor and VOCs,overall
efficiencies greater that 90%. However, the drawback to this technology is
that it can only handle low concentrations of pollutants (<1000 ppm) and
loading rates between 90-100 m3/m2-hr.
11. Components Of A Bio-filter Unit
MATERIALS used for bed media –
Peat, composted yard waste, bark, coarse soil, gravel or plastic shapes
Oyster Shells
for neutralizing acid build-up
Fertilizer
for macronutrients(are mixed with bed media)
Fan
used to collect contaminated air, as the emissions flow through the bed
media, the pollutants are absorbed by moisture on the bed media. Microbes
reduce pollutant concentrations by consuming and metabolizing pollutants.
12. Parameters That Need To Be Maintained
Moisture Content –
Microorganisms need a moist environment.
Media has a tendency to dry out because of the air flow. Optimum 20-60%.
Temperature –
Microorganisms operate best between 30 °C and 40°C.
Oxygen Level -
Most of degradations are aerobic. Oxygen is not used directly in the gas
form but the microorganisms use oxygen present in dissolved form in
the media.
PH –
For better results must maintain a pH where the microorganism are the most
efficient.
13. Biofiltration media
● The media used in biofilters can include peat,
heather, bark, composted sewage sludge,
granular carbon or other suitable materials
● The useful life of media is typically 5 years.
14. Major considerations when determining the appropriate
filter material include:
● Ability to retain moisture to sustain biofilm layer.
● Large surface area, both for contaminant
absorption and microbial growth;
● Ability to retain nutrients and supply them to microbes as required;
● Low resistance to air flow (minimizes pressure drop and blower power
requirements);
● Physical characteristics, such as physical stability and ease of handling
16. Typical Biofilter Operating Conditions for Waste Air
Treatment
Biofilter layer height
Biofilter area
Waste air flow
Biofilter surface loading
Biofilter volumetric loading
Bed void volume
Mean effective gas
residence time
pressure drop per meter of
bed height
1-1.5 m
1-3000m2
50-300,000m3h-1
5-500m3m-2 h-1
5-500m3m-2 h-1
50%
15-60 s
0.2-1.0 cm water gauge
(max.
10cm)
17. A Few Existing Bio Filters
Long Sault, Ontario: Although a small (1500 cfm), indoor, container- type system, this
installation demonstrates several key aspects that are relevant to any installation.
Sarnia, Ontario: This biofilter was installed in 2001 and treats 12,500 cfm of air coming
from a sludge liming and drying operation.
Brookfield, P.E.I. : This biofilter was installed in 2002, at a composting plant in P.E.I., that
treats 60,000 cfm of air from the composting process.
Toronto, Ontario: This biofilter was installed in 2002 in the north end of Toronto at the
Toronto Mixed Waste Recycling and Organics Processing Facility.
18. CONCLUSION
● Biofiltration plays very important role in control of air pollution.
● Biofilter, like all systems follows laws of conservation & mass balance.
● Biofilter is successful only when microbial ecosystem is
healthy & vigorous.
● The design of biofilter system requires a detailed understanding of site ,
conditions , site limitations, system components & costs.
19. References
● Biofilters in Mitigation of Odour Pollution - A Review ISSN: 0972-6268 Vol. 15 No. 4 pp. 1177-1185
2016
● Head, I. M., Singleton, I., and Milner, M. (2003). Bioremediation: A critical review horizon scientific
press Norfolk.
● Devinny, J. S. ;Deshusses, M. A.,& Webster, T. S.Biofiltration for air pollution control. Lewis
publishers London.
● Sincero, A. P. and Sincero, G. A. Environmental engineering.:PHI learning Private Limited. N. Delhi.
● Evans, G. M. and Furlong, J. C. Environmental Biotechnology.: Wiley & Sons.
● Brown, C. A. ,Karl, B. Air pollution control technology handbook.
● www.globalspec.com/../air biofilter.
● www.gnest.org/journal/vol 11_no2/218.
● www.ambio.ca/operation.php