Oxygen Interference in Methane Generation from Biodegradation of Solid Waste from Tanneries by Caroline Borges Agustini1*, Wolmir Lourenço Neto, Marisa Costa and Mariliz Gutterres in Crimson Publishers: Prime research material
The main solid wastes from tanneries are wet-blue shavings (chrome tanned leather) and sludge emitted mainly from waste-water treatment plants (WWTP). The main degradation process that occurs on solid media is anaerobic digestion. In this process the main products are methane (CH4), which has a high calorific value, and carbon dioxide (CO2); together these gases compose the emitted biogas. Methanogens, which are strict anaerobes, are responsible for the last step of anaerobic digestion and it is through their metabolism that methane is generated
https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/fulltext/PPS.000505.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Prime research material
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/
The document discusses bioaccumulation and biotransformation. Bioaccumulation refers to the gradual buildup of pollutants in living organisms as they are absorbed at a higher concentration than what exists in the surrounding environment. There are three main types of bioaccumulation: organismal, trophic transfer through the food chain, and soil accumulation. Biotransformation is the process by which substances are chemically altered within an organism through metabolic reactions like oxidation, reduction and conjugation. Factors like uptake, storage, elimination and the substance's hydrophobicity determine how much bioaccumulation occurs.
This document discusses xenobiotics, which are foreign chemical substances found within organisms. It defines xenobiotics and provides examples of exogenous and endogenous types. It then describes various sources of human exposure to xenobiotics like the environment, toxic foods, drugs, and cosmetics. The rest of the document details the metabolism and effects of xenobiotics on the human body, focusing on topics like biotransformation, conjugation, excretion, factors affecting metabolism, detoxification, and categories of metabolizers.
This document discusses the biodegradation of petrochemicals and hydrocarbons. Petrochemicals are chemicals derived from petroleum or natural gas that are used to make many products. One environmental problem is accidental releases of petroleum products from the petrochemical industry, which can pollute water and soil. There are several methods for degrading hydrocarbons, including chemical and biological degradation. Biodegradation involves microbial remediation using bacteria, fungi, and plants. The document examines the microbial degradation process and factors that influence it, such as the type of hydrocarbons, nutrients, and temperature. It concludes that microbial degradation is an important part of cleaning up spilled oil in the environment.
This project report summarizes the student's research on biodegrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using fungi. The objectives were to isolate PAH-degrading fungi from contaminated soil, test their ability to degrade naphthalene, acenaphthene, and anthracene, and analyze degradation qualitatively. Methods included collecting soil, isolating fungi, identifying isolates, screening degradation in solid and liquid media, and measuring a redox indicator to quantify degradation. Several fungi were isolated including Aspergillus niger and Absidia sp. that will be tested for their ability to degrade various PAHs.
Phosphate and nitrate removal from aqueous solution by carbonated and uncarbo...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the potential for using Monodora myristica shell to remove phosphate and nitrate from wastewater. Four types of shells were tested: untreated raw, treated raw, untreated carbonated, and treated carbonated. The shells were added to solutions containing phosphate and nitrate at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. The solutions were tested over 5 hours. The results showed the shells had no ability to remove phosphate. However, they were effective at removing nitrate, with the untreated carbonated shell achieving the greatest reduction from 231 mg/L to 28.57 mg/L using 10% shell concentration after 3 hours. In general, higher shell concentrations produced better nitrate removal.
This document discusses various types of xenobiotics (foreign chemicals) including pesticides, hydrocarbons, plastics, and other industrial chemicals. It describes their sources and outlines several mechanisms by which microorganisms can biodegrade these compounds, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. Specific pathways and microbes involved in degrading compounds like polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and various plastics and pesticides are also summarized.
Mechanism of aerobic & an aerobic biodegradation07sudha
The document discusses the mechanisms of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation. It explains that aerobic biodegradation breaks down organic contaminants using oxygen, while anaerobic biodegradation occurs without oxygen. The key stages of anaerobic biodegradation are hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. It also compares aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, noting that aerobic is faster but anaerobic produces less waste. Various microorganisms involved in each process are also identified.
This document summarizes a study on the bioremediation of toxic compounds from textile industry effluent using dead fungal biomass. The study investigated the biosorption of the azo dye Methyl Orange and heavy metals chromium and lead using dead biomass of the fungus Aspergillus flavus. The maximum biosorption for each compound was determined under different parameters such as pH, contact time, concentration of solution, temperature, and biomass concentration. Methyl Orange biosorption was found to be 53.62% at pH 5.5 and 40 minutes. Chromium biosorption was 72.18% at pH 6 and 10 minutes. Lead biosorption was 76.12% at pH 7
The document discusses bioaccumulation and biotransformation. Bioaccumulation refers to the gradual buildup of pollutants in living organisms as they are absorbed at a higher concentration than what exists in the surrounding environment. There are three main types of bioaccumulation: organismal, trophic transfer through the food chain, and soil accumulation. Biotransformation is the process by which substances are chemically altered within an organism through metabolic reactions like oxidation, reduction and conjugation. Factors like uptake, storage, elimination and the substance's hydrophobicity determine how much bioaccumulation occurs.
This document discusses xenobiotics, which are foreign chemical substances found within organisms. It defines xenobiotics and provides examples of exogenous and endogenous types. It then describes various sources of human exposure to xenobiotics like the environment, toxic foods, drugs, and cosmetics. The rest of the document details the metabolism and effects of xenobiotics on the human body, focusing on topics like biotransformation, conjugation, excretion, factors affecting metabolism, detoxification, and categories of metabolizers.
This document discusses the biodegradation of petrochemicals and hydrocarbons. Petrochemicals are chemicals derived from petroleum or natural gas that are used to make many products. One environmental problem is accidental releases of petroleum products from the petrochemical industry, which can pollute water and soil. There are several methods for degrading hydrocarbons, including chemical and biological degradation. Biodegradation involves microbial remediation using bacteria, fungi, and plants. The document examines the microbial degradation process and factors that influence it, such as the type of hydrocarbons, nutrients, and temperature. It concludes that microbial degradation is an important part of cleaning up spilled oil in the environment.
This project report summarizes the student's research on biodegrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using fungi. The objectives were to isolate PAH-degrading fungi from contaminated soil, test their ability to degrade naphthalene, acenaphthene, and anthracene, and analyze degradation qualitatively. Methods included collecting soil, isolating fungi, identifying isolates, screening degradation in solid and liquid media, and measuring a redox indicator to quantify degradation. Several fungi were isolated including Aspergillus niger and Absidia sp. that will be tested for their ability to degrade various PAHs.
Phosphate and nitrate removal from aqueous solution by carbonated and uncarbo...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the potential for using Monodora myristica shell to remove phosphate and nitrate from wastewater. Four types of shells were tested: untreated raw, treated raw, untreated carbonated, and treated carbonated. The shells were added to solutions containing phosphate and nitrate at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. The solutions were tested over 5 hours. The results showed the shells had no ability to remove phosphate. However, they were effective at removing nitrate, with the untreated carbonated shell achieving the greatest reduction from 231 mg/L to 28.57 mg/L using 10% shell concentration after 3 hours. In general, higher shell concentrations produced better nitrate removal.
This document discusses various types of xenobiotics (foreign chemicals) including pesticides, hydrocarbons, plastics, and other industrial chemicals. It describes their sources and outlines several mechanisms by which microorganisms can biodegrade these compounds, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. Specific pathways and microbes involved in degrading compounds like polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and various plastics and pesticides are also summarized.
Mechanism of aerobic & an aerobic biodegradation07sudha
The document discusses the mechanisms of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation. It explains that aerobic biodegradation breaks down organic contaminants using oxygen, while anaerobic biodegradation occurs without oxygen. The key stages of anaerobic biodegradation are hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. It also compares aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, noting that aerobic is faster but anaerobic produces less waste. Various microorganisms involved in each process are also identified.
This document summarizes a study on the bioremediation of toxic compounds from textile industry effluent using dead fungal biomass. The study investigated the biosorption of the azo dye Methyl Orange and heavy metals chromium and lead using dead biomass of the fungus Aspergillus flavus. The maximum biosorption for each compound was determined under different parameters such as pH, contact time, concentration of solution, temperature, and biomass concentration. Methyl Orange biosorption was found to be 53.62% at pH 5.5 and 40 minutes. Chromium biosorption was 72.18% at pH 6 and 10 minutes. Lead biosorption was 76.12% at pH 7
The document discusses advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which use hydroxyl radicals to oxidize organic compounds that cannot be degraded through biological or conventional water treatment processes. It describes various AOP technologies that generate hydroxyl radicals including ozone/UV, hydrogen peroxide/UV, Fenton reactions, photocatalysis, and ultrasound-assisted processes. Factors that influence AOP performance such as pH, presence of carbonates or natural organic matter are also summarized.
This presentation summarizes the role of pretreatment processes in enhancing anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste. Various pretreatment methods including mechanical, thermal, chemical and combinations are discussed. A case study on microbial pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste showed improved biogas and methane production. Pretreatments can increase biodegradability, biogas yields, degradation rates and reduce retention times compared to untreated processes. Thermal pretreatments at low temperatures are often most cost-effective.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the key points about the nitrogen cycle from a microbial perspective:
The nitrogen cycle describes how nitrogen moves between its different chemical forms and reservoirs in the biosphere and lithosphere. Microorganisms play a major role in nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, which are the four main processes by which nitrogen is converted between its various forms. Adequate fixed nitrogen is essential for amino acids, nucleic acids, and cell wall components in many bacteria, and microbes facilitate obtaining nitrogen from the major atmospheric reservoir in its inert dinitrogen gas form.
This document discusses microorganism removal of xenobiotic compounds. It defines xenobiotics as foreign compounds to living organisms, such as antibiotics in the human body or environmental pollutants. It describes the properties of xenobiotics and some examples. It also discusses the health and environmental effects of xenobiotics. The document focuses on the role of microbes in biodegrading xenobiotics through aerobic, anaerobic and co-metabolic pathways. It provides examples of bacteria and biochemical pathways that degrade various xenobiotic compounds. Finally, it discusses bioremediation techniques for large-scale removal of xenobiotics from the environment.
Biodegradation is the chemical dissolution of materials by bacteria or other biological means.
biodegradable simply means to be consumed by microorganisms and return to compounds found in nature
Removal of mercury from water using microbesYaswobanta kar
This document summarizes research on using microbes to remove mercury from water. It discusses how mercury is toxic and can be found in the environment from natural and human sources. Various microbes like bacteria, yeast and protozoa are able to bind and remove heavy metals like mercury from water. The document details the materials and methods used, including growing different microbes in specific mediums. Tests showed that Bacillus ceruse was able to remove 73% of mercury individually and other microbes removed up to 80%. Bacillus ceruse cells were also effective when used in a continuous column, demonstrating their potential as a mercury remediation system. Microbial bioremediation is an effective natural process for detoxifying heavy metals like
1) Anaerobic treatment is a biological process that occurs without oxygen to stabilize organic materials by converting them to methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.
2) It has several advantages over aerobic treatment including lower energy requirements, energy generation in the form of methane gas, and lower sludge production.
3) The process involves several groups of microorganisms that break down organic matter in stages through hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.
Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Soil and Aquatic Environment: An Overview...Abdullah Al Moinee
This document summarizes the principles and mechanisms of bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environments. It discusses how microorganisms and plants can tolerate and degrade heavy metals through various processes like biosorption, bioaccumulation, biomineralization and biotransformation. The review examines advances in bioremediation technologies using genetic engineering approaches to develop microbes and plants tailored for bioremediation. It also discusses applying principles of nanotechnology, genomics and manipulating plant-microbe symbiosis to improve bioremediation strategies for heavy metal contamination.
The document summarizes several biochemical routes for producing renewable fuels and chemicals, including anaerobic digestion, transesterification, and photofermentation. It discusses the key steps and microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. It also explains the transesterification reaction used to convert triglycerides to biodiesel and glycerin, and some of the process considerations for biodiesel production. Photofermentation is mentioned but not described.
This document discusses waste water treatment methods and processes. It begins with an introduction to organic matters found in water and sources of organic pollution. It then describes various waste water treatment methods including physical, chemical and biological processes. Preliminary waste water treatment steps are also outlined, including primary treatment involving screening and sedimentation, and secondary treatment using activated sludge processes with aeration and sedimentation. Key terms involved in waste water treatment like coagulation, filtration and sludge treatment are defined.
Identification and Characterization of Naphthalene Degrading Bacteria Isolate...inventionjournals
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of ubiquitous organic pollutants that are toxic as well as carcinogenic. Naphthalene is the well known PAH among recognized priority pollutants and some microorganisms use this PAH compound for bioremediation in the polluted environment. Three different types of mesophilic naphthalene degrading bacteria have been isolated from acid mine drainage soil of Barjora coal mine, West Bengal. They used naphthalene as a sole carbon source and they were able to grow in presence of pyrene, benzene and toluene. This result indicates that they are multi PAHs degrading bacteria. They all come under the genus Enterobacter sp. However, further research needs to be done on the identification of metabolites responsible for naphthalene degradation and metabolic pathway through GC-MS (Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry), HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis.
Bioremediation of heavy metals using Fe(III),SULPHATE AND SULPHUR reducing ba...KAVYA K N
Bioremediation of heavy metals with the help of Fe(III),Sulfate AND Sulfur reducing bacteria bacteria,environmental clean up process using geobacter and desulfuromonas species.
Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption of Phenol, 4-Chlorophenol, and 4-Nitropheno...Nelson Giovanny Rincon S
Activated carbons from shell eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) were prepared by chemical activation through impregnation with solutions of two activators: sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, the surface areas for activated carbons with base were 780 and 670 m2 g−1 and the solids activated with acid were 150 and 80 m2 g−1. These were applying in adsorption of priority pollutants: phenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution. Activated carbon with the highest adsorption capacity has values of 2.12, 2.57, and 3.89 on phenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-chlorophenol, respectively.
This document provides an overview of bioremediation of metal contaminated soil. It discusses the sources of metal contamination in soil, the principles and types of bioremediation including in-situ and ex-situ techniques. It also describes the microorganisms used in bioremediation such as bacteria, fungi and algae, and the mechanisms involved including biosorption, bioimmobilization, bioleaching and biomineralization. Additionally, it covers phytoremediation techniques using plants and plant-microbe interactions in rhizoremediation. Designer microbe approaches for genetically engineered bioremediating organisms are also outlined.
The document discusses the removal of heavy metals from polluted sites using microorganisms through the process of bioremediation. It outlines how certain bacteria, algae, and fungi are able to uptake and accumulate heavy metals through various binding mechanisms. Bioremediation holds promise as a more eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Ongoing research is focused on determining the most suitable bioremediation strategies for different contaminated sites and optimizing environmental conditions to enhance microbial activity.
This presentation discusses bioremediation of heavy metals like mercury. It explains how certain microorganisms can immobilize or mobilize metals through various mechanisms. A case study on bioremediation of mercury using Pseudomonas putida bacteria is described. The bacteria enzymatically reduces Hg2+ to volatile Hg0, removing mercury from wastewater. Within 10 hours, a 97% mercury retention efficiency was achieved, meeting discharge limits. Bioremediation is an effective natural and economical approach for cleaning heavy metal pollution.
Lignocelluloses, the major component of biomass, makes up about half of the matter produced by photosynthesis. It consists of three types of polymers – cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin – that are strongly intermeshed and chemically bonded by non-covalent forces and by covalent cross-linkages. A great variety of fungi and bacteria can fragment these macromolecules by using a battery of hydrolytic or oxidative enzymes. In native substrates, binding of the polymers hinders their biodegradation. Molecular genetics of cellulose-, hemicellulose- and lignin-degrading systems advanced considerably during the 1990s. Most of the enzymes have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed both in homologous and in heterologous hosts. Much is known about the structure, genomic organization, and regulation of the genes encoding these proteins.
The document discusses various forms of pollution and methods of pollutant biodegradation. It focuses on biodegradation, the process by which microorganisms break down pollutants for energy. Specific examples discussed include biodegradation of hydrocarbons in oil spills by hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. While many pollutants can be broken down biologically, some like heavy metals require additional remediation methods. Overall the document provides an overview of pollution types and how bioremediation can help reduce environmental contamination.
Chitosan is derived from chitin, which is found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan nanoparticles can be synthesized through a process involving deacetylation of chitin with sodium hydroxide. Chitosan has a variety of applications including in photography, cosmetics, as artificial skin, surgical dressings, food and nutrition supplements, ophthalmology, water remediation, textile dye removal, paper finishing, batteries, fluorescence, drug delivery, pharmaceutical tablets, and can be modified to improve its properties.
ENRICHMENT OF ORES BY MICROORGANISMS- Bioaccumulation and biomineralizationSijo A
Microbial ore leaching (bioleaching) is the process of extracting metals from ores with the use of microorganisms. This method is used to recover many different precious metals like copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, and nickel. Microorganisms are used because they can:
lower the production costs.
cause less environmental pollution in comparison to the traditional leaching methods.
very efficiently extract metals when their concentration in the ore is low.
This document discusses biological treatment methods for solid and hazardous waste, including composting and bioremediation. It begins by explaining that biological treatment uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to break down waste through aerobic or anaerobic processes. It then describes composting specifically, which is the controlled biological decomposition of organic waste into a stable product. Key factors that affect composting like nutrient levels, moisture, temperature and pH are discussed. The document also covers bioremediation, which uses microbes to break down contaminants in situ or ex situ, and describes growth kinetics and inhibition factors that impact microbial activity during biological treatment.
Biogas as a Alternate Source Of Energy And Creating Awareness Among Rural Pe...IJMER
This document discusses biogas as an alternative energy source and creating awareness among rural people. It provides 3 key points:
1) Biogas is a renewable gas produced from anaerobic digestion of organic waste like animal manure and plant materials. It is a cleaner substitute for firewood and fossil fuels.
2) There is a 3 step process for biogas production - hydrolysis, acidification, and methane formation - involving different bacteria that break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
3) Case studies describe floating drum and fixed dome biogas plants. Floating drum plants have a movable gas holder that rises as gas is produced while fixed dome plants have a non-movable gas holder above a fixed
The document discusses advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which use hydroxyl radicals to oxidize organic compounds that cannot be degraded through biological or conventional water treatment processes. It describes various AOP technologies that generate hydroxyl radicals including ozone/UV, hydrogen peroxide/UV, Fenton reactions, photocatalysis, and ultrasound-assisted processes. Factors that influence AOP performance such as pH, presence of carbonates or natural organic matter are also summarized.
This presentation summarizes the role of pretreatment processes in enhancing anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste. Various pretreatment methods including mechanical, thermal, chemical and combinations are discussed. A case study on microbial pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste showed improved biogas and methane production. Pretreatments can increase biodegradability, biogas yields, degradation rates and reduce retention times compared to untreated processes. Thermal pretreatments at low temperatures are often most cost-effective.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the key points about the nitrogen cycle from a microbial perspective:
The nitrogen cycle describes how nitrogen moves between its different chemical forms and reservoirs in the biosphere and lithosphere. Microorganisms play a major role in nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, which are the four main processes by which nitrogen is converted between its various forms. Adequate fixed nitrogen is essential for amino acids, nucleic acids, and cell wall components in many bacteria, and microbes facilitate obtaining nitrogen from the major atmospheric reservoir in its inert dinitrogen gas form.
This document discusses microorganism removal of xenobiotic compounds. It defines xenobiotics as foreign compounds to living organisms, such as antibiotics in the human body or environmental pollutants. It describes the properties of xenobiotics and some examples. It also discusses the health and environmental effects of xenobiotics. The document focuses on the role of microbes in biodegrading xenobiotics through aerobic, anaerobic and co-metabolic pathways. It provides examples of bacteria and biochemical pathways that degrade various xenobiotic compounds. Finally, it discusses bioremediation techniques for large-scale removal of xenobiotics from the environment.
Biodegradation is the chemical dissolution of materials by bacteria or other biological means.
biodegradable simply means to be consumed by microorganisms and return to compounds found in nature
Removal of mercury from water using microbesYaswobanta kar
This document summarizes research on using microbes to remove mercury from water. It discusses how mercury is toxic and can be found in the environment from natural and human sources. Various microbes like bacteria, yeast and protozoa are able to bind and remove heavy metals like mercury from water. The document details the materials and methods used, including growing different microbes in specific mediums. Tests showed that Bacillus ceruse was able to remove 73% of mercury individually and other microbes removed up to 80%. Bacillus ceruse cells were also effective when used in a continuous column, demonstrating their potential as a mercury remediation system. Microbial bioremediation is an effective natural process for detoxifying heavy metals like
1) Anaerobic treatment is a biological process that occurs without oxygen to stabilize organic materials by converting them to methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.
2) It has several advantages over aerobic treatment including lower energy requirements, energy generation in the form of methane gas, and lower sludge production.
3) The process involves several groups of microorganisms that break down organic matter in stages through hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.
Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Soil and Aquatic Environment: An Overview...Abdullah Al Moinee
This document summarizes the principles and mechanisms of bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environments. It discusses how microorganisms and plants can tolerate and degrade heavy metals through various processes like biosorption, bioaccumulation, biomineralization and biotransformation. The review examines advances in bioremediation technologies using genetic engineering approaches to develop microbes and plants tailored for bioremediation. It also discusses applying principles of nanotechnology, genomics and manipulating plant-microbe symbiosis to improve bioremediation strategies for heavy metal contamination.
The document summarizes several biochemical routes for producing renewable fuels and chemicals, including anaerobic digestion, transesterification, and photofermentation. It discusses the key steps and microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. It also explains the transesterification reaction used to convert triglycerides to biodiesel and glycerin, and some of the process considerations for biodiesel production. Photofermentation is mentioned but not described.
This document discusses waste water treatment methods and processes. It begins with an introduction to organic matters found in water and sources of organic pollution. It then describes various waste water treatment methods including physical, chemical and biological processes. Preliminary waste water treatment steps are also outlined, including primary treatment involving screening and sedimentation, and secondary treatment using activated sludge processes with aeration and sedimentation. Key terms involved in waste water treatment like coagulation, filtration and sludge treatment are defined.
Identification and Characterization of Naphthalene Degrading Bacteria Isolate...inventionjournals
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of ubiquitous organic pollutants that are toxic as well as carcinogenic. Naphthalene is the well known PAH among recognized priority pollutants and some microorganisms use this PAH compound for bioremediation in the polluted environment. Three different types of mesophilic naphthalene degrading bacteria have been isolated from acid mine drainage soil of Barjora coal mine, West Bengal. They used naphthalene as a sole carbon source and they were able to grow in presence of pyrene, benzene and toluene. This result indicates that they are multi PAHs degrading bacteria. They all come under the genus Enterobacter sp. However, further research needs to be done on the identification of metabolites responsible for naphthalene degradation and metabolic pathway through GC-MS (Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry), HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis.
Bioremediation of heavy metals using Fe(III),SULPHATE AND SULPHUR reducing ba...KAVYA K N
Bioremediation of heavy metals with the help of Fe(III),Sulfate AND Sulfur reducing bacteria bacteria,environmental clean up process using geobacter and desulfuromonas species.
Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption of Phenol, 4-Chlorophenol, and 4-Nitropheno...Nelson Giovanny Rincon S
Activated carbons from shell eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) were prepared by chemical activation through impregnation with solutions of two activators: sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, the surface areas for activated carbons with base were 780 and 670 m2 g−1 and the solids activated with acid were 150 and 80 m2 g−1. These were applying in adsorption of priority pollutants: phenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution. Activated carbon with the highest adsorption capacity has values of 2.12, 2.57, and 3.89 on phenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-chlorophenol, respectively.
This document provides an overview of bioremediation of metal contaminated soil. It discusses the sources of metal contamination in soil, the principles and types of bioremediation including in-situ and ex-situ techniques. It also describes the microorganisms used in bioremediation such as bacteria, fungi and algae, and the mechanisms involved including biosorption, bioimmobilization, bioleaching and biomineralization. Additionally, it covers phytoremediation techniques using plants and plant-microbe interactions in rhizoremediation. Designer microbe approaches for genetically engineered bioremediating organisms are also outlined.
The document discusses the removal of heavy metals from polluted sites using microorganisms through the process of bioremediation. It outlines how certain bacteria, algae, and fungi are able to uptake and accumulate heavy metals through various binding mechanisms. Bioremediation holds promise as a more eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Ongoing research is focused on determining the most suitable bioremediation strategies for different contaminated sites and optimizing environmental conditions to enhance microbial activity.
This presentation discusses bioremediation of heavy metals like mercury. It explains how certain microorganisms can immobilize or mobilize metals through various mechanisms. A case study on bioremediation of mercury using Pseudomonas putida bacteria is described. The bacteria enzymatically reduces Hg2+ to volatile Hg0, removing mercury from wastewater. Within 10 hours, a 97% mercury retention efficiency was achieved, meeting discharge limits. Bioremediation is an effective natural and economical approach for cleaning heavy metal pollution.
Lignocelluloses, the major component of biomass, makes up about half of the matter produced by photosynthesis. It consists of three types of polymers – cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin – that are strongly intermeshed and chemically bonded by non-covalent forces and by covalent cross-linkages. A great variety of fungi and bacteria can fragment these macromolecules by using a battery of hydrolytic or oxidative enzymes. In native substrates, binding of the polymers hinders their biodegradation. Molecular genetics of cellulose-, hemicellulose- and lignin-degrading systems advanced considerably during the 1990s. Most of the enzymes have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed both in homologous and in heterologous hosts. Much is known about the structure, genomic organization, and regulation of the genes encoding these proteins.
The document discusses various forms of pollution and methods of pollutant biodegradation. It focuses on biodegradation, the process by which microorganisms break down pollutants for energy. Specific examples discussed include biodegradation of hydrocarbons in oil spills by hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. While many pollutants can be broken down biologically, some like heavy metals require additional remediation methods. Overall the document provides an overview of pollution types and how bioremediation can help reduce environmental contamination.
Chitosan is derived from chitin, which is found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan nanoparticles can be synthesized through a process involving deacetylation of chitin with sodium hydroxide. Chitosan has a variety of applications including in photography, cosmetics, as artificial skin, surgical dressings, food and nutrition supplements, ophthalmology, water remediation, textile dye removal, paper finishing, batteries, fluorescence, drug delivery, pharmaceutical tablets, and can be modified to improve its properties.
ENRICHMENT OF ORES BY MICROORGANISMS- Bioaccumulation and biomineralizationSijo A
Microbial ore leaching (bioleaching) is the process of extracting metals from ores with the use of microorganisms. This method is used to recover many different precious metals like copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, and nickel. Microorganisms are used because they can:
lower the production costs.
cause less environmental pollution in comparison to the traditional leaching methods.
very efficiently extract metals when their concentration in the ore is low.
ENRICHMENT OF ORES BY MICROORGANISMS- Bioaccumulation and biomineralization
Similar to Oxygen Interference in Methane Generation from Biodegradation of Solid Waste from Tanneries by Caroline Borges Agustini1*, Wolmir Lourenço Neto, Marisa Costa and Mariliz Gutterres in Crimson Publishers: Prime research material
This document discusses biological treatment methods for solid and hazardous waste, including composting and bioremediation. It begins by explaining that biological treatment uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to break down waste through aerobic or anaerobic processes. It then describes composting specifically, which is the controlled biological decomposition of organic waste into a stable product. Key factors that affect composting like nutrient levels, moisture, temperature and pH are discussed. The document also covers bioremediation, which uses microbes to break down contaminants in situ or ex situ, and describes growth kinetics and inhibition factors that impact microbial activity during biological treatment.
Biogas as a Alternate Source Of Energy And Creating Awareness Among Rural Pe...IJMER
This document discusses biogas as an alternative energy source and creating awareness among rural people. It provides 3 key points:
1) Biogas is a renewable gas produced from anaerobic digestion of organic waste like animal manure and plant materials. It is a cleaner substitute for firewood and fossil fuels.
2) There is a 3 step process for biogas production - hydrolysis, acidification, and methane formation - involving different bacteria that break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
3) Case studies describe floating drum and fixed dome biogas plants. Floating drum plants have a movable gas holder that rises as gas is produced while fixed dome plants have a non-movable gas holder above a fixed
Biotechnology microorganisms in environmental protection.pptaiga1090
Environmental biotechnology uses microorganisms to solve environmental problems such as treating wastewater and solid waste, purifying air, degrading pollutants, and producing renewable fuels and materials. It involves processes like bioremediation which uses bacteria and fungi to break down hazardous waste, and biosensors which use microbes to detect pollutants. Key microorganisms employed include Pseudomonas bacteria to degrade hydrocarbons and activated sludge microbes to treat water. Biogas is also produced via microbial fermentation of organic wastes.
1. biogas as a alternate source of energy and creating awareness among rural ...NEERAJKUMAR1898
This document discusses biogas as an alternative energy source and creating awareness among rural people. It begins by defining biogas as a gas produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic waste like animal manure and plant materials. The three main steps of biogas production are then summarized: 1) hydrolysis where enzymes break down complex materials, 2) acidification where bacteria convert compounds to acids and gases, 3) methane formation where other bacteria break down acids and gases to produce methane and carbon dioxide. The document emphasizes that biogas is a renewable and cleaner energy that can substitute fossil fuels, especially in rural areas, and explains the anaerobic digestion process that takes place in biogas production.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or nontoxic substances. The microbes digest organic pollutants for nutrients and energy, degrading them into harmless products like carbon dioxide and water. Indigenous microbes at a contaminated site can be stimulated to degrade pollutants by providing proper nutrients and growth conditions, or exogenous microbes effective for degradation can be introduced. Bioremediation techniques include biomining to extract metals from mining wastes using microbes like Thiobacillus ferroxidans, and biodecolorization of textile dyes in wastewater using enzymes from fungi like Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Heavy metals
This document is a thesis project examining innovative biological phosphate and anaerobic digestion technology for waste treatment, energy generation, and phosphorus recovery. It includes an abstract, introduction covering topics like sewage, current bioremediation methods, anaerobic digestion processes, low temperature anaerobic digestion, bioreactor configurations, and the global phosphorus crisis. It also outlines the materials and methods, expected results sections, and planned discussion. The introduction provides background on anaerobic digestion and examines its application to low-temperature wastewater treatment.
Biotechnology in Industrial Waste water Treatmentshuaibumusa2012
This document discusses biotechnology in industrial wastewater treatment. It provides an overview of industrial wastewater characteristics and various treatment technologies including primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Secondary treatment includes anaerobic and aerobic processes like trickling filters, activated sludge, and oxidation ponds. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants and can be done on-site (in situ) or by removing contaminated material (ex situ). Factors like microorganisms, temperature, pH, nutrients influence bioremediation effectiveness. The document concludes that bioremediation is an effective wastewater treatment approach when proper conditions are maintained.
Factors affecting biogas production during anaerobic decomposition of brewery...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzed factors affecting biogas and carbon dioxide production during anaerobic decomposition of brewery wastewater in a fluidized bed digester. The study monitored gas production at different microbial concentrations, hydraulic retention times, and volatile fatty acid to alkalinity ratios. Maximum gas volumes were recorded at 8 hours hydraulic retention time, corresponding to favorable operating conditions and good system stability. The biogas produced was rich in methane and could potentially be integrated into the brewery's energy mix to improve process economics.
Ahmed H. Hilles presented on biogas, which is a combustible gas mixture formed from the anaerobic bacterial decomposition of organic matter. Biogas is composed mainly of methane and carbon dioxide. Hilles discussed the history of biogas production, how biogas is produced through a three step process of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis by different bacteria. He also outlined important parameters for optimal biogas production such as maintaining an anaerobic environment, temperature between 15-52 degrees Celsius, and a pH between 6.5-8.
The document discusses anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater. It provides an overview of the historical development of anaerobic waste treatment and increasing popularity since the 1970s energy crisis. The document describes the multi-step microbial process of anaerobic digestion involving acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. It compares anaerobic and aerobic treatment processes and discusses factors important for efficient anaerobic treatment such as temperature, pH, nutrients and microbial populations.
Anaerobic treatment and biogas (short).pptArshadWarsi13
The document discusses anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater. It provides an overview of the historical development of anaerobic waste treatment and increasing popularity since the 1970s energy crisis. The document describes the multi-step microbial process of anaerobic digestion involving acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. It compares anaerobic and aerobic treatment processes and lists some of the best industrial wastewaters suited for anaerobic treatment. The document also discusses important environmental factors like temperature and pH that must be maintained for efficient anaerobic treatment.
The document discusses anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater. It provides an overview of the historical development of anaerobic waste treatment and increasing popularity since the 1970s energy crisis. The document describes the multi-step microbial process of anaerobic digestion involving acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. It compares anaerobic and aerobic treatment processes and discusses factors important for efficient anaerobic treatment such as temperature, pH, nutrients and microbial populations.
Optimization of Experimental Biomethanation Applied to Poultry Droppings for ...IJEAB
The fight against climate change is first and foremost passed by the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG). Mainly in the form of methane CH4, the GHGs emitted by the waste originate from the decomposition of organic matter which is more commonly known as Anaerobic Digestion (AD) or Biomethanation. Livestock manure is one of the major hazards to the environment and human health due to the nuisances and pollution generated. The present study consists of optimizing the methane fermentation applied to poultry droppings. This optimization focuses on the daily monitoring of experimental digesters, on the physico-chemical characterization of the inputs used and on the study of the effect of temperature and inoculum changes on the daily production of biogas and its composition (CH4, CO2 and H2S). The main results show, on the one hand, that the stability of the DA process after initial filling depends on experimental conditions, the general characteristics of the anaerobic digester, the initial biomass activity and the nature of the introduced inoculum. On the other hand, the production of biogas is better at a temperature of 35°C than at a temperature of 55°C and the addition of the inoculum has improved the production of biogas and the CH4 content, especially the use Of liquid poultry digestate.
Microorganisms play an important role in biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon and oxygen cycles. The carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Microbes are responsible for decomposing organic matter into carbon dioxide through aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Different groups of microbes cycle carbon under aerobic and anaerobic conditions through processes like photosynthesis, methane production, and carbon monoxide oxidation. The oxygen cycle similarly involves microbes that use oxygen during respiration and cyanobacteria that produce oxygen through photosynthesis, maintaining an equilibrium between oxygen production and consumption on Earth.
This document discusses bioremediation of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) compounds. It provides background on what BTEX are, how they enter the environment, their health effects, and what bioremediation is. It then describes different bioremediation techniques for BTEX including in situ bioremediation approaches like intrinsic and engineered bioremediation. Key factors that affect bioremediation success like nutrients, moisture, temperature, and electron acceptors are explained. Advantages and disadvantages of in situ bioremediation are summarized. The role of different microbes and electron acceptors in the biodegradation process is also outlined.
Algal biomass can be used to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion, providing a renewable source of energy. The biogas production process involves four key stages - hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis - where bacteria break down the algal biomass into methane gas. The end products include biogas, digestate fertilizer, and water, providing alternatives to fossil fuels and chemical fertilizers while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to clean up polluted environments. It defines bioremediation as using microbes or their enzymes to return polluted environments to their original condition. Common pollutants that can be treated with bioremediation include petroleum hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, explosives, and some inorganic compounds. Bioremediation has advantages like being cost effective and using a natural process, though it also has disadvantages like not being instantaneous and compounds sometimes needing to be in a biodegradable form first. In conclusion, bioremediation is an attractive alternative to traditional remediation methods for cleaning contaminated sites.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Similar to Oxygen Interference in Methane Generation from Biodegradation of Solid Waste from Tanneries by Caroline Borges Agustini1*, Wolmir Lourenço Neto, Marisa Costa and Mariliz Gutterres in Crimson Publishers: Prime research material (20)
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
Oxygen Interference in Methane Generation from Biodegradation of Solid Waste from Tanneries by Caroline Borges Agustini1*, Wolmir Lourenço Neto, Marisa Costa and Mariliz Gutterres in Crimson Publishers: Prime research material