1) SMOG is a combination of smoke and fog caused by air pollution from various sources such as vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, and volcanic eruptions. 2) SMOG can damage crops and plants by inhibiting growth and increasing susceptibility to disease. It can also affect humans by worsening respiratory and cardiovascular health. 3) Solutions to reduce SMOG include using renewable energy, lowering vehicle and industrial emissions through regulations, and deploying air purification technologies like mist cannons, organic farming techniques, and large air purifier towers.

1. SMOG
Presented By: Mamoona
Ghaffar

2. By: Mamoona Ghaffar

3. SMOG : CAUSES ,EFFECTS AND
SOLUTIONS

4. SMOG = SMOKE + FOG
1. The term SMOG is coined by Dr. Henry Antoine Des
Voeux in his paper, “fog and smoke,” which he presented at
a meeting of the public health congress in July 1905.
2. L.A :
 Photochemical smog is recognized in 1943 .
 Automobile exhaust source verified in 19951 by Haagen-
Smit

5. Types of SMOG
1. Photochemical smog :
•High amount of nitrogen oxides
and hydrocarbon vapors present
•Oxides react in the presence of
sunlight
2. Sulfur smog :
•Occur when level of sulfur
oxides increased in the
atmosphere

6. CAUSES OF SMOG
1) Smog-forming Pollutants From
• Factories
• Consumer Products (Paints, Fumes , Sprays , Plastics )
• Vehicles
2) Nitrogen Oxides , Sulphur Oxides And Sunlight
3) Temperature Inversions
4) Heavy Motor Vehicle Traffic Emissions
5) Industrial Emissions
6) Burning Of Wood
7) Burning Of Coal
8) Natural Causes ( Volcanic Emissions )

7. 1. Industrial emission 2. Automobile emission
/ over use of transportation

8. 3. Volcanic eruption

9. 4. Burning of coal 5. Burning of wood

10. Effects of smog
1. Inhibit growth of plants
2. Extensively damage the crops
3. Increase susceptibility to diseases:
 When crops and vegetables such as wheat , soybeans , tomatoes , peanuts , cotton ,
and kales are exposed to smog
4. Effect of smog can alter the natural environment
5. According to university of California:
 Plants are unable to engage in photosynthesis and unable the plants to reproduce so
certain species of plants life to be permanently eliminated from certain areas

11. SOME OTHER EFFECTS ON PLANTS
1. Leaf curling
2. Leaf Rolling
3. Yellowing of leaves
4. Tilting
5. Mottle & chlorosis
6. Spot formation
Normal
Effected

12. EFFECTS OF SMOG ON PLANTS
2. Chlorosis1. Spot formation & leaf burn

14. Mamoona Ghaffar

15. Solutions
Purchase Renewable Energy
Reducing & Managing Vehicular & Industrial Emissions
Use Environmental Friendly Consumer Products
Develop Smog Detection & Monitoring Systems

16. RECENT TECHNOLOGIES
TO CONTROL SMOG
Various technologies are develop to cope with
SMOG some of these are describe Further such as:
1. Mist Cannon
2. Organic Farming
3. World’s Biggest Air Purifier Tower
4. Bacterial Filter Chamber
5. Metro Bus

17. Mist Cannon Air
Purifier
By : Mamoona Ghaffar

18. 1.MIST CANNON
1. Chinese cities are using this “Mist Cannon” to shoot pollution from the sky.
2. Hunan Jiujiu Mining Safety Equipment began marketing a specialized version of the dust
control machines that have been used for years by cement, steel, and coal mining
companies. Founded in 2011, the company is based in Changsha, the capital of the Hunan
province, an area long known for coal mining.
3. Mist Cannon is a large machine mounted on a truck that sprays water mist. They were
initially used at construction sites and mines to reduce dust.
4. The machines work by nebulizing liquid into tiny particles and spraying them into the air, where
they combine with harmful dust particles to form water droplets that fall to the ground.

19. 5. This reduces the chance of workers (especially miners) developing lung and respiratory problems.
6. A mobile version of the machine that can be mounted on a vehicle and operated while in motion starts at about
600,000 yuan ($93,000). A stationary version starts much lower, at around 80,000 yuan.
7. Machine’s main advantages are that it consumes less electricity and water, and that it can produce smaller particles
than its traditional brethren.
8. When the size of the nebulized liquid particles equals that of the dust, the company says, the two kinds of
substances are mostly likely to combine to form a water drop.
9. Of course, some of the most troublesome pollution particles are smaller than 10 microns. Two commonly used
pollution measurements are of PM10 (particles 10 microns and below) and PM2.5 (2.5 microns and below).

21. By: Mamoona Ghaffar
ORGANIC FARMING

22. 2.ORGANIC FARMING
Organic farming uses agricultural production systems reliant on
following to produce crops, poultry and livestock.
•biological pest control
• green manure or compost
•crop rotation
 Organic farming forbids the use of chemicals like fertilizers,
pesticides, antibiotics and growth hormones in crops, meat and other
food production.
The main objectives of organic agricultural production is farming of
grains, vegetables, fruits, flowers, fibers and animal products like eggs,
milk and meat in the best natural way without using synthetic chemical
fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides or antibiotics.
The primary aspects of organic farming are, to use green manure or
compost, animal manure, crop rotation to improve soil fertility,
restoration of soils biological activity, interrupting pests habitation and
diseases. By: Mamoona Ghaffar

23. ORGANIC FARMING
“Organic faming is a technique which involves
cultivation of plants in natural ways .”
International Federation Of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)
, an international organization established in 1972 for organic farming .
Sir Albert Howard (1873-1947) is the Father Of Organic Faming
This process involves:
• The use of biological materials
•Avoiding synthetic substances to maintain soil fertility
•Ecological balance
•Thereby minimizing pollution & wastage
•Growing & nurturing the crops without the use of synthetic based fertilizers &
pesticides.
Photo by: Mamoona
Ghaffar

24. 3. WORLD BIGGEST AIR
PURIFIER TOWER
It cleans the air.
Polluted air is sucked in from the base of the green
house tower .
Solar power is used to clean the air.
Hot air rises up and cleaned from the layer of various
filters.
At the last clean air exits from top of the tower.

26. By: Mamoona Ghaffar