Parker provides a range of biogas treatment solutions to address problematic trace components in biogas and ensure efficient operation of gas engines. Their filtration systems remove particulate contamination that can damage engines. Dehumidification equipment such as heat exchangers and separators reduce water levels to prevent corrosion and improve engine performance. Siloxane removal systems like the PpTek can capture up to 98% of siloxanes to prevent engine damage and reduce maintenance costs. Parker offers complete skid-mounted packages that integrate these treatment steps.
Revamp objectives
Revamp Philosophy
Revamp options
Semi-Regenerative Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Continuous Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Revamp to Hybrid Operation
What may be achieved?
Typical C5+ Yield at Decreasing Pressure
Changes Required for Full Conversion
Typical Benefits of Full Conversion
Revamping of Existing Continuous Reforming Units
Fired Heaters Revamp
Burners
Reactor Options
Regeneration Section
Summary
Revamp objectives
Revamp Philosophy
Revamp options
Semi-Regenerative Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Continuous Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Revamp to Hybrid Operation
What may be achieved?
Typical C5+ Yield at Decreasing Pressure
Changes Required for Full Conversion
Typical Benefits of Full Conversion
Revamping of Existing Continuous Reforming Units
Fired Heaters Revamp
Burners
Reactor Options
Regeneration Section
Summary
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
Presentation on mechanical vapor recompressor evaporator (mvre)AmreetOjha
Presentation on Mechanical Vapour Recompressor Evaporator (MVRE)
Description about Evaporator
Type Of Evaporators
About MVR
Types of MVRE
Thermodynamics of MVRE
Working of MVRE
Hello,
I am trying to explain about Steam Generator (Boiler) in this session, due to length of said presentation, I am deciding to divide it in three parts.
Part 1 cover the “Introduction & Types of Steam Generator”
Part 2 cover about the “Parts of Steam Generator and Its Accessories & Auxiliaries” and
Part 3 cover the “Efficiency & Performance”
Presentations about Oil & Gas separators, fundamentals and how they work in the industry developed by Hector Nguema having Petroskills course as a reference
Over the years Cooling Tower treatment involves heavy use of chemicals. Unfortunately these chemicals are not only costly, but also adds minerals in the water. This reduces Cycles Of Concentration [COC] & as a result in high blow down & more make up water demand. Using ozone operating cost is drastically reduced & blow down water quantity also reduces.
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
Presentation on mechanical vapor recompressor evaporator (mvre)AmreetOjha
Presentation on Mechanical Vapour Recompressor Evaporator (MVRE)
Description about Evaporator
Type Of Evaporators
About MVR
Types of MVRE
Thermodynamics of MVRE
Working of MVRE
Hello,
I am trying to explain about Steam Generator (Boiler) in this session, due to length of said presentation, I am deciding to divide it in three parts.
Part 1 cover the “Introduction & Types of Steam Generator”
Part 2 cover about the “Parts of Steam Generator and Its Accessories & Auxiliaries” and
Part 3 cover the “Efficiency & Performance”
Presentations about Oil & Gas separators, fundamentals and how they work in the industry developed by Hector Nguema having Petroskills course as a reference
Over the years Cooling Tower treatment involves heavy use of chemicals. Unfortunately these chemicals are not only costly, but also adds minerals in the water. This reduces Cycles Of Concentration [COC] & as a result in high blow down & more make up water demand. Using ozone operating cost is drastically reduced & blow down water quantity also reduces.
Filtration in Amine Systems. This is a brochure of Twin Filter in Zaandam, just before it was acquired by Parker. Amine Filtration was earlier handled by Twin Process Filtration BV in Tiel, which was a subsidiary of Twin Filter. However, short after the acquisition of all the Twin Filter entities by The Sterling Group, the location in Tiel was closed and the Process Filtration activities were integrated in Twin Filter in Zaandam.
Webinar - Lager energieverbruik en CO2 uitstoot van ontgassersStork
Weergave van webinar over tray type en spray type ontgassers en de mogelijkheden voor energiebesparing en CO2 reductie. Door middel van retrofit of vervanging van tray type door spray type.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
The Importance of Gas Treatment in Biogas Applications
1. May 10, 2016
The Importance of Effective Gas Treatment in
Biogas Applications
Steven Scott MBA
Market Development Manager – Biogas Applications
- Biogas Asia Pacific Forum – 25/26 May 2016 – Kuala Lumpur, Malayisa
2. Parker Hannifin Corporation
Parker can be found on and around
everything that moves. We manufacture
highly engineered components and systems
that facilitate motion and the controlled flow of
liquids and gasses for a wide variety of global
markets to increase our customers’
productivity and profitability.
Aerospace Climate Control Electromechanical
Filtration Fluid & Gas Handling Hydraulics
Pneumatics Process Control Sealing & Shielding
3. 3
Biogas is...
• Methane (CH4): 45 - 75 %
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 25 - 45 %
• Trace components: 2 - 5 %
Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen
(O2), Hydrogen (H2), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S),
Ammonia (NH3), Siloxanes, VOCs
• Water (vapour, saturated): 2 – 7%
• Dust particles
…raw, unprocessed gas collected from
biogas digesters. Biogas originating from
landfill sites is termed ‘landfill gas‘. A
typical composition of biogas / landfill gas
is:
5. Biogas Treatment for Power Generation
5
At Digester Outlet
40-60% CH4
30-50% CO2
0-10% N2
0-2% O2
0-2000+ ppm H2S
ppm VOC’s
ppm Siloxanes
Dirt Particles
H2O Saturated
At Engine Inlet
CH4
CO2/N2/O2
H2S - <100 ppm
*Siloxanes: 95-99% removal
*Particles <5 micron
*H2O – Low dewpoint
* Parker Solutions available
6. 6
Biomethane is...
…biogas that has had CO2 and other impurities
removed to produce a gas with a high methane
content similar to that of natural gas. Typical
composition is…
• Methane (CH4): >97%
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): <2%
• H2S: <4 ppm
• Water: <65 mg/m3 (approx -40°C PDP)
• VOCs and siloxanes: Negligible levels
Biomethane is suitable for injection into natural gas distribution
networks or as fuel for Natural Gas Vehicles
8. 8
• Biogas contains small solid particles,
foams, greases and other contaminants.
• Engines can be damaged by excessive particle
contamination so removal is specified by engine
manufacturers
• Particulate causes clogging or blocking of downstream
equipment increasing maintenance costs & downtime.
Raw Biogas Filtration
Particle Removal
FFB Hyperfilter BioEnergy is specifically
designed to prevent these undesired effects
9. 9
Top access cover to
enable quick and easy
element replacement.
Support legs for easy
installation and
mounting.
Base acts as a trap
for water and other
contaminants which
can then be effectively
removed by the
manual drain valve.
Stainless steel AISI304
or AISI316L vessel with
flanged inlet and outlet
pipe connections
Two threaded etchings
for connection of a
differential pressure
gauge
Raw Biogas Filtration
Parker FFB Biogas Filter: Housing
10. 10
Filtration takes place through a porous filter
element made of antistatic, spunbonded
polyester to ensure optimum filtration
efficiency and high stability.
Filtration quality: 5 or 20µm
Filter element end caps and inner
core in galvanized steel.
Average Pressure drop: 3mbar.
To maintain optimum and effective filtration, filter elements must be replaced at least every 6 months with
genuine Parker Hiross parts.
Raw Biogas Filtration
Parker FFB Biogas Filter: Cartridge
11. 11
Performances refer to models operating with gas flow rate at FAD 20°C/1 barA.
Weight includes element without manual drain.
A
B
C
D
Model Connections Dimensions (mm) Weight
m3/h (nom) m3/min (nom) IN OUT A B C D kg
FFB105-304 105 1.8 DN50 DN80 440 1454 1330 420 32
FFB265-304 265 4.4 DN80 DN125 440 1424 1300 390 35
FFB720-304 720 12.0 DN125 DN200 625 1838 1595 545 99
FFB1110-304 1110 18.5 DN200 DN300 633 1883 1650 600 108
FFB3180-304 2500 41.7 DN300 DN450 1000 2208 1805 696 255
Model Connections Dimensions (mm) Weight
m3/h (nom) m3/min (nom) IN OUT A B C D kg
FFB105-316 105 1.8 DN50 DN80 440 1454 1330 420 32
FFB265-316 265 4.4 DN80 DN125 440 1424 1300 390 35
FFB720-316 720 12.0 DN125 DN200 625 1838 1595 545 99
FFB1110-316 1110 18.5 DN200 DN300 633 1883 1650 600 108
FFB3180-316 2500 41.7 DN300 DN450 1000 2208 1805 696 255
Gas Flow*
Gas Flow*
Raw Biogas Filtration
Parker FFB Biogas Filter: Product Range
12. 12
G-Series – Biomethane Filtration
Housing: high-grade aluminium, refined by chromating
and additional outside surface painting
- Connection Type: Threaded
F-Series – Biomethane Filtration
Housing: High-grade carbon steel, inside and outside
protected by a corrosion-inhibiting coating.
- Connection Type: Flanged
TGE-Series – Raw Biogas Filtration
Housing: High-grade stainless steel 1.4301
- Connection Types: Threaded or flanged
Designed for operation with both raw biogas
and biomethane with full compliance to ATEX
and PED regulations
Biogas Filtration
Biomethane Applications
13. 13
Example:
1,000 Nm3/h of Biogas from digester
35 degC/100% saturated = 47g of water per Nm3/h of biogas
1,000 (Nm3/h) x 24 (hours) x 47 (g/Nm3/h)
= 1,128kg water produced per day
(more than 1 Tonne of water every day!)
Cooling to 5 degC dewpoint will reduce moisture
content to 7g/Nm3/h
= 168kg water produced per day
Cooling to 5 degC dewpoint will remove 960kg water per day
Biogas Dehumidification
How Much Water in One Day?
14. 1. Increases Efficiency (or Energy Output)
of Engine
2. Prevents Corrosion of Pipework and
Components
3. Partial Removal of H2S, Ammonia,
Siloxanes and other water soluble
contaminants
4. Reduces Contamination of Engine Oil
5. Improves lifetime/performance of
adsorbents, membranes etc
6. Complies with Technical Instruction of
Major Gas Engine Suppliers.
14
Biogas Dehumidification
Six Good Reasons to Remove Water from Biogas
15. 15
• High efficiency system
• Low pressure drop design
• Shell and tube heat exchanger with smooth pipes
• Parts in contact with biogas in AISI304 or AISI316L
• Shell in AISI304
• Pickling and passivation treatment for corrosion resistance
• Flow rates and performances aligned with CHP power range
• Suitable for horizontal & vertical installation
• Max working pressure: 0.5 barg
Biogas Dehumidification
WFB Biogas Shell and Tube Cooler
16. • Cyclonic separator optimized for biogas applications
• High separation efficiency & very low pressure drop
• Material: Stainless steel AISI304 or AISI316L
• Pickling & passivation treatment for corrosion
resistance
• Suitable for horizontal & vertical installations
• Design Pressure: 0.5 barg
Biogas Dehumidification
CSB Biogas Cyclonic Separator
17. 17
Biogas Dehumidification
Hyperchill BioEnergy
• Designed especially for biogas
applications (BioEnergy version)
• Provides low-temperature
cooling water
• Energy-efficient compliant scroll
compressors
• Packaged with large internal
tank and pump
• IP 54 rated
• All aluminium and copper parts
epoxy coated (BioEnergy
version)
18. Standard SKID
• WFB Cooler (heat exchanger)
• CSB Separator
• ICE BioEnergy Chiller
• Place for FFB filter
• Water connections
• Counterflanges kit
• Expansion Tank
• Galvanized steel frame
Options
• FFB Filter
• Hyperdrain
• Bypass (only with FFB)
Biogas Dehumidification
Parker Skid-Mounted Packages
20. Siloxanes are organo-silicons added to
many personal care products and are
present in many biogas substrates
Found in shampoos, conditioners,
cosmetics, soaps, deodorants, de-foamers,
water repellents lubricants, and even some
food additives
Over 1 million tonnes produced annually by
industry worldwide!
Siloxane Removal
What are Siloxanes?
Landfills - Sewage Plants – Food Waste Plants
22. Siloxane Removal
What happens inside the engine?
• Siloxanes convert to silicon dioxide
under engine environment & conditions.
• Deposits rise, efficiency falls reducing
generating capacity
• Engine components are damaged and
oil-life shortened
• Cost in components, labour, downtime &
additional oil changes…..lost profit!
23. • Removes up to 98% of
siloxanes
• Payback can be achieved
in 12 months
• Can reduce engine annual
maintenance costs by as
much as 80%
• Compact, skid-mounted
design
• Low power consumption &
minimal maintenance
• More than 100 units sold
worldwide
Siloxane Removal
Parker PpTek Regenerative SRS
26. • Ability to regenerate media on
site using TSA technology
• Polymeric, man-made resin
media up to 10 x as absorbent as
activated carbon (AC)
• Media can be designed to last
up to 5 years
• Minimal media disposal cost
• Hydrophobic media increases
adsorption capacity
Siloxane Removal
Parker PpTek System v Other Solutions
Media x1750 magnification
