Control of moisture is essential for most dental procedures. Saliva and moisture can obstruct vision and access, interfere with dental materials, and spread infection. Moisture control involves isolating the operative field using methods like cotton rolls, cellulose wafers, high-volume evacuators, saliva ejectors, and the rubber dam. The rubber dam provides the driest field and best access/visibility. It protects patients from aspiration and allows for efficient application of materials. Proper isolation, retraction, and harm prevention are important for successful restorative dentistry.
Conservative and pain free techniques in pediatric dentistryDrNadhem
The document discusses several minimally invasive and pain-free dental procedures for treating cavities in children. It describes techniques like Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART), Interim Therapeutic Restoration (ITR), air abrasion, air polishing, ozone therapy, chemomechanical caries removal, and lasers. These alternative methods aim to remove decay using hand instruments or chemical agents instead of drills, preserve tooth structure, and reduce pain and discomfort for children compared to traditional cavity preparation. The document provides details on the mechanisms, applications, advantages, and limitations of these conservative dental approaches.
This document discusses principles of endodontic treatment and sterilization. It covers topics like rubber dam isolation, components of rubber dam kits, application technique, sterilization recommendations, cold sterilization, and glass bead sterilizers. The key points are that rubber dam isolation creates a dry aseptic field for endodontic work, instruments must be sterilized using processes like autoclaving or cold sterilization solutions, and sterilization helps prevent transmission of infections.
Fluid control and soft tissue management / general dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Fluid control and soft tissue managamant/ cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses methods for fluid control and gingival tissue management during dental impressions. It begins by outlining the objectives of fluid control and introduces mechanical and chemical methods. Mechanical methods discussed include rubber dam, suction devices, and cotton rolls. Chemical methods include anti-sialogogues and local anesthetics. The document then focuses on gingival retraction, comparing mechanical, mechano-chemical, and surgical techniques. It provides details on retraction cords, electrosurgery, and recent advances in retraction agents. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of fluid control and gingival displacement for accurate dental impressions.
This document discusses common dental emergencies that can occur during root canal therapy. It describes access-related mishaps like treating the wrong tooth or damaging existing restorations. Instrument-related accidents are also outlined, such as ledge formation or perforations from using larger instruments in curved canals. Missed canals are another area of concern that can lead to infection if not properly treated. Finally, improper obturation techniques like overfilling the canal or using leaky silver points are mentioned as additional procedural risks that clinicians must take care to avoid during root canal treatment.
This document discusses techniques for fluid control and tissue management during fixed prosthodontic impressions. It begins by explaining the importance of fluid control to obtain an accurate impression and lists various methods for fluid control like retraction cords, cotton rolls, and suction. Next, it describes different types of retraction cords and instruments used to displace tissues and examines their purposes. It then provides details on the speaker's preferred technique using two different sized cords and hemostatic agents to minimize trauma during impression making. In summary, this document outlines best practices for fluid control and tissue retraction to obtain high quality fixed prosthodontic impressions.
This document discusses pit and fissure sealants. It begins by noting that pit and fissure areas are highly susceptible to dental caries, accounting for 50% of caries. It then reviews the caries process in pits and fissures. Several milestones in pit and fissure sealant development are outlined, from early filling techniques to modern resin-based sealants. The document discusses the classification, effectiveness, requirements, case selection criteria, and application technique for pit and fissure sealants. Recent advances including acid-releasing and wet-bonding sealants are also summarized.
Conservative and pain free techniques in pediatric dentistryDrNadhem
The document discusses several minimally invasive and pain-free dental procedures for treating cavities in children. It describes techniques like Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART), Interim Therapeutic Restoration (ITR), air abrasion, air polishing, ozone therapy, chemomechanical caries removal, and lasers. These alternative methods aim to remove decay using hand instruments or chemical agents instead of drills, preserve tooth structure, and reduce pain and discomfort for children compared to traditional cavity preparation. The document provides details on the mechanisms, applications, advantages, and limitations of these conservative dental approaches.
This document discusses principles of endodontic treatment and sterilization. It covers topics like rubber dam isolation, components of rubber dam kits, application technique, sterilization recommendations, cold sterilization, and glass bead sterilizers. The key points are that rubber dam isolation creates a dry aseptic field for endodontic work, instruments must be sterilized using processes like autoclaving or cold sterilization solutions, and sterilization helps prevent transmission of infections.
Fluid control and soft tissue management / general dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Fluid control and soft tissue managamant/ cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses methods for fluid control and gingival tissue management during dental impressions. It begins by outlining the objectives of fluid control and introduces mechanical and chemical methods. Mechanical methods discussed include rubber dam, suction devices, and cotton rolls. Chemical methods include anti-sialogogues and local anesthetics. The document then focuses on gingival retraction, comparing mechanical, mechano-chemical, and surgical techniques. It provides details on retraction cords, electrosurgery, and recent advances in retraction agents. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of fluid control and gingival displacement for accurate dental impressions.
This document discusses common dental emergencies that can occur during root canal therapy. It describes access-related mishaps like treating the wrong tooth or damaging existing restorations. Instrument-related accidents are also outlined, such as ledge formation or perforations from using larger instruments in curved canals. Missed canals are another area of concern that can lead to infection if not properly treated. Finally, improper obturation techniques like overfilling the canal or using leaky silver points are mentioned as additional procedural risks that clinicians must take care to avoid during root canal treatment.
This document discusses techniques for fluid control and tissue management during fixed prosthodontic impressions. It begins by explaining the importance of fluid control to obtain an accurate impression and lists various methods for fluid control like retraction cords, cotton rolls, and suction. Next, it describes different types of retraction cords and instruments used to displace tissues and examines their purposes. It then provides details on the speaker's preferred technique using two different sized cords and hemostatic agents to minimize trauma during impression making. In summary, this document outlines best practices for fluid control and tissue retraction to obtain high quality fixed prosthodontic impressions.
This document discusses pit and fissure sealants. It begins by noting that pit and fissure areas are highly susceptible to dental caries, accounting for 50% of caries. It then reviews the caries process in pits and fissures. Several milestones in pit and fissure sealant development are outlined, from early filling techniques to modern resin-based sealants. The document discusses the classification, effectiveness, requirements, case selection criteria, and application technique for pit and fissure sealants. Recent advances including acid-releasing and wet-bonding sealants are also summarized.
Gingival retraction techniques for implants versus teeth/ cosmetic dentistry ...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses aseptic techniques in dentistry. It covers how to limit the spread of disease through proper use of high-volume evacuation, saliva ejectors, rubber dams, preprocedure mouth rinses, disposable items, and cleaning techniques. Key points include using high-volume evacuation and rubber dams to minimize dental aerosols and spatter, not allowing reverse flow through saliva ejectors, and properly cleaning and replacing traps in the high-volume evacuation system to avoid contact with contaminated materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The term pit and fissure sealant is used to describe a material that is introduced into the occlusal pits and fissures of caries susceptible teeth, thus forming a micromechanically bonded, protective layer cutting access of caries-producing bacteria from their source of nutrients.
This document provides an overview of oral irrigation for dental hygiene. It discusses the objectives, mechanisms, techniques, and indications for both supragingival and subgingival irrigation. Supragingival irrigation aims to reduce gingival inflammation while subgingival irrigation seeks to reduce bacteria in periodontal pockets. Oral irrigators deliver a pulsating water jet that is more effective than toothbrushing at removing debris from 6mm below the gumline. Home irrigation is recommended for patients in periodontal maintenance or with conditions like gingivitis, implants, or orthodontic appliances.
Fissure sealant is a plastic material applied to the pits and fissures of teeth to prevent dental caries development. It acts as a physical barrier, blocking bacteria from entering the protected areas where plaque can accumulate. Several generations of sealants have been developed over time, improving adhesion and curing methods. Ideal sealants cure quickly, adhere well to enamel, and resist wear. Sealant placement involves isolating the tooth, cleaning, etching with acid, rinsing, applying the sealant, and evaluating. Regular recall visits are needed to check sealant retention and reapply if lost. Sealants are effective at reducing dental caries when used according to protocol in patients with deep fissure anatomy or high
This document discusses pits and fissure sealants. It explains that pits and fissures are difficult to clean and can accumulate plaque and debris, leading to caries development. Sealants were developed in the 1960s using acid etching to seal pits and fissures with resin. Children with special needs or extensive caries are indicated for sealants. Molars with localized occlusal caries confined to the outer third of dentin can be sealed, while deeper caries requires restoration first. Resin and glass ionomer based sealants are described, with resin being preferred. The application process involves cleaning, etching, washing, applying sealant and curing.
Pit and fissure sealants are thin plastic coatings placed in the pits and fissures of teeth to act as a physical barrier against decay. They were introduced in the 1960s using acrylic polymers and composites. Studies show sealants can arrest incipient caries by being placed over initial decay after removal. Tooth morphology determines susceptibility, with deep narrow fissures at highest risk. Sealant placement involves cleaning and etching teeth to increase adhesion, then applying and curing the sealant material in the pits and fissures to form a protective barrier. Regular checkups are needed to assess sealant retention and repair any failures from contamination.
This document provides information on pit and fissure sealants. It discusses the legal requirements, certification requirements, and types of training needed to place sealants. It describes what sealants are, their effectiveness in preventing decay, and factors influencing retention. Different sealant materials, application techniques, and potential complications are outlined. The document highlights the importance of sealants in preventing decay, especially in pits and fissures, and their cost-effectiveness compared to other restorative treatments.
Root canal treatment involves removing infected or inflamed pulp from the inside of a tooth. The dentist drills into the tooth to access the pulp chamber and root canals. They then clean out the pulp, bacteria, and debris. Finally, the dentist fills and seals the inside of the tooth to prevent future infection. Root canal treatment saves a tooth that would otherwise require extraction due to infection or damage to the pulp.
Pits and fissures on teeth are susceptible to decay due to food and plaque retention. Sealants are materials that are applied to pits and fissures to prevent decay by creating a protective barrier. There are various types of sealants classified by composition, curing method, and presence of filler. The sealant application procedure involves cleaning and isolating the tooth, etching the enamel, applying the sealant, curing it, and inspecting the result. Sealants are a highly effective, cost-efficient way to prevent dental caries in susceptible tooth areas.
PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS- PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRYANKUSHA ARORA
Introduction
Definition
Morphology of Pits and fissures
Types of Pit and fissure sealants
Materials used as sealants
Requirements of sealants
Diagnosis of Pit and Fissure caries
Procedure of application of sealants
Indications
Contra-indications
Factors affecting sealant retention in mouth
Summary
This document provides an overview of pit and fissure sealants. It begins with definitions of pits and fissures and discusses the morphology of pits and fissures. It then covers the history of sealants, types of sealants, indications and contraindications for sealant application. The document outlines the steps for sealant application and factors affecting retention. It also discusses cost-effectiveness and preventive resin restorations. Public health sealant programs and conclusions are briefly mentioned.
Pit and fissure sealants are materials introduced into pits and fissures of teeth to form a protective layer and prevent dental caries. There are various types including resin-based, glass ionomer, and fluoride-releasing sealants. Placement involves isolating the tooth, etching the surface, applying the sealant, and curing. Long-term studies show sealants maintain protection against caries for many years when retained. Risk assessment is important to identify patients that will benefit most from sealants.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses impression materials and techniques used in orthodontics. It describes how impressions are used to create positive casts for study, appliance fabrication, and record keeping. Alginate is the most commonly used irreversible hydrocolloid impression material due to its flexibility, accuracy, affordability, and minimal equipment needs. Proper manipulation of alginate is required to avoid voids, distortion, and other defects. Mandibular impressions should be made first to reduce patient discomfort. Impressions must be disinfected and poured immediately to minimize dimensional changes. With proper technique, alginate can provide accurate impressions for orthodontic treatment.
Oral irrigators, also known as dental water jets, are devices that use a stream of pulsating water to remove debris and reduce bacteria in the mouth. There are two main types - powered devices that generate an intermittent water jet, and non-powered devices that attach to a water supply. Oral irrigators have interchangeable tips that can be used above or below the gumline. When used above the gumline by individuals, they are more effective than brushing alone. When used below the gumline by dentists, they can improve gum health and reduce bacteria in deep pockets when used with diluted chlorhexidine. Oral irrigators are recommended for patients who need additional cleaning, such as those with implants
The document discusses several alternative modalities to traditional root canal therapy that aim to preserve pulp vitality, including pulpotomy, pulp capping, gentle wave procedure, lasers, regenerative endodontics, and various natural remedies. It provides details on techniques such as formocresol pulpotomy, Cvek's pulpotomy, electrosurgical pulpotomy, indirect and direct pulp capping. The gentle wave procedure utilizes multisonic ultracleaning technology while lasers allow endodontic treatment using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Overall, the document outlines various treatments that offer less invasive options compared to traditional root canal therapy.
El horario semanal de la clase de 5o primaria incluye asignaturas como matemáticas, lengua, ciencias sociales, ciencias naturales, inglés, educación física, religión o valores, plástica, música. Cada día de la semana está dedicado a un conjunto diferente de asignaturas que se imparten en bloques de 45 minutos, excepto los viernes que incluyen también matemáticas.
El profesor Samuel Acevedo tiene un horario de clases de química que incluye clases de ampliación de química y química para varios grados de entre 1° y 4° medio de lunes a viernes entre las 8:00 y las 15:15.
Gingival retraction techniques for implants versus teeth/ cosmetic dentistry ...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses aseptic techniques in dentistry. It covers how to limit the spread of disease through proper use of high-volume evacuation, saliva ejectors, rubber dams, preprocedure mouth rinses, disposable items, and cleaning techniques. Key points include using high-volume evacuation and rubber dams to minimize dental aerosols and spatter, not allowing reverse flow through saliva ejectors, and properly cleaning and replacing traps in the high-volume evacuation system to avoid contact with contaminated materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The term pit and fissure sealant is used to describe a material that is introduced into the occlusal pits and fissures of caries susceptible teeth, thus forming a micromechanically bonded, protective layer cutting access of caries-producing bacteria from their source of nutrients.
This document provides an overview of oral irrigation for dental hygiene. It discusses the objectives, mechanisms, techniques, and indications for both supragingival and subgingival irrigation. Supragingival irrigation aims to reduce gingival inflammation while subgingival irrigation seeks to reduce bacteria in periodontal pockets. Oral irrigators deliver a pulsating water jet that is more effective than toothbrushing at removing debris from 6mm below the gumline. Home irrigation is recommended for patients in periodontal maintenance or with conditions like gingivitis, implants, or orthodontic appliances.
Fissure sealant is a plastic material applied to the pits and fissures of teeth to prevent dental caries development. It acts as a physical barrier, blocking bacteria from entering the protected areas where plaque can accumulate. Several generations of sealants have been developed over time, improving adhesion and curing methods. Ideal sealants cure quickly, adhere well to enamel, and resist wear. Sealant placement involves isolating the tooth, cleaning, etching with acid, rinsing, applying the sealant, and evaluating. Regular recall visits are needed to check sealant retention and reapply if lost. Sealants are effective at reducing dental caries when used according to protocol in patients with deep fissure anatomy or high
This document discusses pits and fissure sealants. It explains that pits and fissures are difficult to clean and can accumulate plaque and debris, leading to caries development. Sealants were developed in the 1960s using acid etching to seal pits and fissures with resin. Children with special needs or extensive caries are indicated for sealants. Molars with localized occlusal caries confined to the outer third of dentin can be sealed, while deeper caries requires restoration first. Resin and glass ionomer based sealants are described, with resin being preferred. The application process involves cleaning, etching, washing, applying sealant and curing.
Pit and fissure sealants are thin plastic coatings placed in the pits and fissures of teeth to act as a physical barrier against decay. They were introduced in the 1960s using acrylic polymers and composites. Studies show sealants can arrest incipient caries by being placed over initial decay after removal. Tooth morphology determines susceptibility, with deep narrow fissures at highest risk. Sealant placement involves cleaning and etching teeth to increase adhesion, then applying and curing the sealant material in the pits and fissures to form a protective barrier. Regular checkups are needed to assess sealant retention and repair any failures from contamination.
This document provides information on pit and fissure sealants. It discusses the legal requirements, certification requirements, and types of training needed to place sealants. It describes what sealants are, their effectiveness in preventing decay, and factors influencing retention. Different sealant materials, application techniques, and potential complications are outlined. The document highlights the importance of sealants in preventing decay, especially in pits and fissures, and their cost-effectiveness compared to other restorative treatments.
Root canal treatment involves removing infected or inflamed pulp from the inside of a tooth. The dentist drills into the tooth to access the pulp chamber and root canals. They then clean out the pulp, bacteria, and debris. Finally, the dentist fills and seals the inside of the tooth to prevent future infection. Root canal treatment saves a tooth that would otherwise require extraction due to infection or damage to the pulp.
Pits and fissures on teeth are susceptible to decay due to food and plaque retention. Sealants are materials that are applied to pits and fissures to prevent decay by creating a protective barrier. There are various types of sealants classified by composition, curing method, and presence of filler. The sealant application procedure involves cleaning and isolating the tooth, etching the enamel, applying the sealant, curing it, and inspecting the result. Sealants are a highly effective, cost-efficient way to prevent dental caries in susceptible tooth areas.
PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS- PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRYANKUSHA ARORA
Introduction
Definition
Morphology of Pits and fissures
Types of Pit and fissure sealants
Materials used as sealants
Requirements of sealants
Diagnosis of Pit and Fissure caries
Procedure of application of sealants
Indications
Contra-indications
Factors affecting sealant retention in mouth
Summary
This document provides an overview of pit and fissure sealants. It begins with definitions of pits and fissures and discusses the morphology of pits and fissures. It then covers the history of sealants, types of sealants, indications and contraindications for sealant application. The document outlines the steps for sealant application and factors affecting retention. It also discusses cost-effectiveness and preventive resin restorations. Public health sealant programs and conclusions are briefly mentioned.
Pit and fissure sealants are materials introduced into pits and fissures of teeth to form a protective layer and prevent dental caries. There are various types including resin-based, glass ionomer, and fluoride-releasing sealants. Placement involves isolating the tooth, etching the surface, applying the sealant, and curing. Long-term studies show sealants maintain protection against caries for many years when retained. Risk assessment is important to identify patients that will benefit most from sealants.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses impression materials and techniques used in orthodontics. It describes how impressions are used to create positive casts for study, appliance fabrication, and record keeping. Alginate is the most commonly used irreversible hydrocolloid impression material due to its flexibility, accuracy, affordability, and minimal equipment needs. Proper manipulation of alginate is required to avoid voids, distortion, and other defects. Mandibular impressions should be made first to reduce patient discomfort. Impressions must be disinfected and poured immediately to minimize dimensional changes. With proper technique, alginate can provide accurate impressions for orthodontic treatment.
Oral irrigators, also known as dental water jets, are devices that use a stream of pulsating water to remove debris and reduce bacteria in the mouth. There are two main types - powered devices that generate an intermittent water jet, and non-powered devices that attach to a water supply. Oral irrigators have interchangeable tips that can be used above or below the gumline. When used above the gumline by individuals, they are more effective than brushing alone. When used below the gumline by dentists, they can improve gum health and reduce bacteria in deep pockets when used with diluted chlorhexidine. Oral irrigators are recommended for patients who need additional cleaning, such as those with implants
The document discusses several alternative modalities to traditional root canal therapy that aim to preserve pulp vitality, including pulpotomy, pulp capping, gentle wave procedure, lasers, regenerative endodontics, and various natural remedies. It provides details on techniques such as formocresol pulpotomy, Cvek's pulpotomy, electrosurgical pulpotomy, indirect and direct pulp capping. The gentle wave procedure utilizes multisonic ultracleaning technology while lasers allow endodontic treatment using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Overall, the document outlines various treatments that offer less invasive options compared to traditional root canal therapy.
El horario semanal de la clase de 5o primaria incluye asignaturas como matemáticas, lengua, ciencias sociales, ciencias naturales, inglés, educación física, religión o valores, plástica, música. Cada día de la semana está dedicado a un conjunto diferente de asignaturas que se imparten en bloques de 45 minutos, excepto los viernes que incluyen también matemáticas.
El profesor Samuel Acevedo tiene un horario de clases de química que incluye clases de ampliación de química y química para varios grados de entre 1° y 4° medio de lunes a viernes entre las 8:00 y las 15:15.
Este horario semanal para 5o primaria del curso 2011/2012 incluye las asignaturas de Lengua, Matemáticas, Inglés, Ciencias Físicas, Ciencias Sociales, Religión, Francés, Música, Educación Emocional y Ciudadanía, distribuidas en diferentes horas y días de la semana entre las 9:30 y las 16:30.
Horarios de primaria sede c goretti 2012claudia ariza
El documento presenta los horarios de clases de la mañana y tarde para los grados 1ro a 5to de la institución Santa María Goretti en el año 2012, dividiendo las asignaturas en diferentes días y horarios.
1er informe de actividades ilustrado del ciclo 2012-2013, de la Tse."12 de Octubre", ubicada en la comunidad de Sn. Miguel Acuexcomac, Tzicatlacoyan; Puebla.
Televisión educativa en telesecundariaoliveria1992
El documento describe la historia y función de la televisión educativa en el nivel de telesecundaria en México. Se introdujo en 1968 para llevar la educación secundaria a áreas rurales a través de programas transmitidos por televisión. Actualmente, los programas educativos se transmiten vía satélite a través de la Red Edusat a más de 11,000 planteles escolares, complementando la enseñanza del maestro. La televisión educativa ha desempeñado un papel importante en la expansión de la educación secundaria en México.
El documento describe las actividades de los alumnos de tercer grado en la Telesecundaria No. 20. Los estudiantes participan en educación física como fútbol rápido y un juego llamado "ovejas y lobos". También se mencionan el periódico mural de la escuela que publica logros de los estudiantes y eventos de la semana.
This document contains the class schedule for a school called Unidad Educativa Internacional Liceo Iberoamericano. It lists the courses taught each day of the week during each class period, with class periods ranging from 7:00-14:20 and courses taught in Spanish including L.E. (Lengua Española), M. (Matemáticas), C.C.NN. (Ciencias Naturales), among others. The schedule is broken into four pages with minor variations each page.
HORARIOS DE LAS ÁREAS DE COMUNICACIÓN, MATEMÁTICA, PERSONAL SOCIAL, CIENCIA Y AMBIENTE, RELIGIÓN, TUTORÍA, Y DE LAS ÁREAS ESPECIALES COMO INGLÉS Y TUTOTRÍA EN LAS SECCIONES DE 3, 4 Y 5 AÑOS,
Calendario de exámenes primer bimestre segundo gradoUSET
Este documento presenta el calendario de evaluación para el primer bimestre del segundo grado de telesecundarias para el ciclo escolar 2012-2013. El calendario detalla las asignaturas y actividades de evaluación que tendrán lugar cada día de la semana, incluyendo exámenes, tareas, proyectos y actividades prácticas.
Los horarios de clase para el 2014 en la I.E Santa Maria Goretti se dividen en dos turnos, mañana y tarde. El turno de la mañana va de 7:30 a.m. a 12:30 p.m. e incluye las asignaturas de matemáticas, ciencias sociales e inglés. El turno de la tarde se extiende de 1:30 p.m. a 6:30 p.m. e incluye las clases de ciencias naturales, educación física y arte.
El documento presenta el horario matutino de la telesecundaria. Se divide en diferentes bloques horarios que van de las 7:45 a las 14:00. Cada bloque contiene las asignaturas que se impartirán para cada grado en días específicos. Las asignaturas incluyen ciencias, historia, lenguas extranjeras, español, matemáticas y formación cívica y ética, entre otras.
El documento presenta los horarios de unidocencia y talleres de cuatro grados de la escuela primaria "Amadeus Mozart" para el año 2010. Detalla las asignaturas que se imparten cada día de la semana para cada grado, así como los nombres de los tutores responsables.
El documento presenta los horarios semanales de las diferentes secciones (pre-jardín, jardín, transición, grados 1ro a 5to) del Colegio Cristiano Anglocolombiano. Los horarios incluyen las diferentes áreas académicas como matemáticas, ciencias sociales, inglés, entre otras. Cada día de la semana tiene una distribución particular de las asignaturas en los diferentes períodos de la mañana.
El documento presenta el horario de clases de la tercer grado de la Escuela Primaria Federal "Adolfo López Mateos" en Raudales Malpaso, Mezcalapa, Chiapas. El horario incluye las asignaturas de español, matemáticas, ciencias naturales, educación física, ciencias, entidad de Chiapas y formación cívica y ética impartidas durante la semana.
El documento describe los aspectos fundamentales de un plan de estudios para la educación básica en México, incluyendo la articulación entre los niveles educativos, un enfoque en temas relevantes para los estudiantes y su formación integral, y la definición de perfiles de egreso. Además, detalla la distribución de horas por asignatura en primaria, los contenidos de los programas de estudio, y el proceso de aplicación piloto del plan.
Este documento proporciona información sobre una carpeta pedagógica para niños de 4 años en Chiclayo, Perú en 2013. Incluye los datos del pedagogo a cargo, la constitución política del Perú en relación con la educación, conceptos clave sobre educación, fines y principios de la educación peruana, y la estructura del sistema educativo peruano.
The document discusses the importance of isolating the operative field during dental procedures. It outlines the components of the oral environment that need to be controlled, including saliva, tongue, lips, cheeks and gingiva. Methods of isolation include direct techniques like cotton rolls, cellulose wafers and isolite mouthpieces as well as indirect methods like high-volume evacuation and saliva ejectors. Isolation provides benefits like a dry, clean operating field which improves visibility and infection control, as well as increased comfort for patients and efficiency for operators. Local anesthetics, anti-sialogogues and other drugs can also help in isolating the field.
Isolation of the operative & endodontic fieldKallol Pramanik
The document discusses isolation of the operative field in dentistry. Proper isolation through moisture control is important for operative procedures. Several components need to be controlled, including saliva, tongue and surrounding tissues. Rubber dam provides complete isolation and advantages for both patient and operator, such as a dry field. Other isolation materials include cotton rolls, throat shields and evacuators. Correct application and removal of the rubber dam is described. The goals of isolation are moisture control, retraction and prevention of harm during dental procedures.
isolation of the operting field by payal bhala.pptxpikopinochi
The document discusses isolation techniques used in operative dentistry. Isolation aims to control moisture, provide retraction and access, ensure patient safety, and maintain an aseptic operating field. Key methods of isolation include the rubber dam for moisture control and retraction, cotton rolls and cellulose wafers as absorbents, high-volume evacuators for suction, and retraction devices like mouth props. Recent advancements include saliva ejector mirrors and the Isolite system. Indirect techniques like local anesthesia and anxiolysis can also help with isolation by reducing moisture from salivation. Proper isolation is important for the success of operative procedures and efficiency.
Moisture control is essential for endodontic treatment and dental procedures. Various methods and tools are used to isolate teeth and control moisture, including rubber dams, cotton rolls, high volume evacuators, saliva ejectors, cheek retractors, air/water syringes, and mouth props. Rubber dams provide the best isolation but can be difficult to apply. Cotton rolls and cellulose wafers are alternatives for brief isolation when rubber dams cannot be used. Proper moisture control provides benefits for both patients and operators by protecting the oral cavity and providing a dry, clean operating field.
This document discusses isolation of the operative field in dentistry. Maintaining a dry field is important for operative procedures. Several techniques and materials can be used for isolation, including rubber dams, cotton rolls, high-volume evacuators, and throat shields. Rubber dams provide the best isolation but also have some disadvantages like taking time to apply. The goals of isolation are moisture control, retraction of soft tissues, and prevention of contamination. Proper isolation improves visibility, protects patients, and allows dental materials to perform as intended.
Isolation of operating field/ orthodontic course by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
1. The document discusses various techniques for moisture control and isolation in operative dentistry, including the use of rubber dams, high volume evacuators, absorbents, and saliva ejectors.
2. Key advantages of rubber dams include providing a dry, clean operating field which improves access and visibility, protects the patient and operator, and increases operating efficiency.
3. The document outlines best practices for rubber dam application, including assessing the teeth and contacts, punching appropriate sized holes, lubricating the dam, selecting and testing the retainer, and properly positioning and securing the dam.
The document discusses isolation of the operative field during dental procedures. Several components must be controlled, including saliva, tongue, and soft tissues. Rubber dam provides the best isolation, allowing a dry, clean field and protecting tissues. Other isolation techniques and materials include cotton rolls, high-volume evacuators, cheek retractors, and air-water syringes. Proper isolation improves visibility, infection control, and material properties during restorative dental work.
Dental caries remains a widespread problem globally, with untreated cavities often progressing to extraction. A new treatment called Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) was introduced in 1994 that requires only hand instruments and adhesive materials. ART consists of manually cleaning cavities and filling them with glass ionomer cement, requiring minimal equipment that can be easily transported. It is effective at preventing tooth extraction, reducing the need for drills, electricity and highly trained personnel. ART has helped provide dental treatment to underserved communities worldwide.
Dental caries remains a widespread problem globally, with untreated cavities often progressing to extraction. A new treatment called Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) was introduced in 1994 that requires only hand instruments and adhesive materials. ART consists of manually cleaning cavities and filling them with glass ionomer cement, requiring minimal equipment that can be easily transported. It is effective at preventing tooth extraction, reducing the need for drills, electricity and highly trained personnel. ART has helped provide dental treatment to underserved communities worldwide.
This document discusses methods of isolating the operating field during dental procedures. Isolation is important for maintaining a dry, protected working area. The main isolation method discussed is use of a rubber dam, which provides absolute moisture control and protects soft tissues. Other isolation methods include use of cotton rolls, saliva ejectors, and mouth props. Placement of a rubber dam involves selecting an appropriate clamp, punching holes in the dam, and stretching the dam over the clamped tooth. Proper isolation techniques help ensure a safe, aseptic environment for dental treatments.
The document discusses various methods for achieving isolation in operative dentistry, including the use of rubber dams, cotton rolls, retraction cords, suction devices, and pharmacological agents. It describes how each isolation method works to control moisture, retract soft tissues, and prevent contamination. The document emphasizes that rubber dams provide the best isolation compared to other methods since they eliminate saliva from the operating site and retract soft tissues.
The document discusses isolation in endodontics, focusing on the use of rubber dams. It defines a rubber dam as a thin latex sheet held by a clamp and frame, with teeth protruding through perforations. The main advantages of rubber dams are moisture control, maximum accessibility and visibility, and protection of tissues. Potential disadvantages include time to apply and possible damage to tissues. Contraindications may include latex allergy or asthma. The document outlines the components of a rubber dam kit and provides step-by-step instructions for applying and removing a rubber dam.
The document discusses isolation techniques in dentistry, focusing on the use of rubber dams. It describes the goals of isolation as moisture control, retraction and access, and harm prevention. Rubber dams provide a dry, clean operating field and help maintain the properties of dental materials. Direct isolation methods discussed include rubber dams, fluid absorbents, saliva ejectors, and retraction cords. Indirect methods include patient positioning, local anesthesia, and pharmacological muscle relaxation. The document provides detailed information on rubber dam materials, frames, punches, clamps, templates, forceps, and placement techniques. It notes alternatives when rubber dams cannot be used and discusses recent advances.
Rubber dam isolation provides the optimal isolation for restorative procedures by controlling moisture and retracting soft tissues. It creates a dry, clean operating field and improves visibility and access. While rubber dam is preferred, other isolation techniques like cotton rolls and high-volume suction can be used when rubber dam is not possible. Recent advances aim to improve patient comfort during isolation.
Isolation is very important aspect in clinical dentistry. Rubber dam plays very important role in isolation in pediatric dentistry. In day to day clinical dentistry rubber dam becames choice of isloation among dentists. This presentation covered everything about rubber dam and recent advances of it. Parts of clamps, forceps, types of sheets and technique of usng rubber dam.
Thank you for the detailed explanation on the steps involved in rubber dam isolation. Proper isolation is important for preventing contamination and maintaining a dry field during dental procedures.
This document discusses methods of isolation in dentistry. Direct isolation methods include rubber dams, cotton rolls, cellulose wafers, Dri-angles, gauze, suction devices, and retraction cords. The rubber dam provides the best isolation and was introduced in 1864. It isolates teeth from oral fluids to create a dry field. Advantages include a clean operating field, improved access and visibility, soft tissue retraction and protection, and reduced cross-contamination. Application and removal of the rubber dam is described in 20 steps. Other isolation methods like cotton rolls provide some retraction but do not create as dry a field as the rubber dam.
Isolation techniques in pediatric dentistryAnuRaaga
This document discusses various isolation techniques used in pediatric dentistry. It describes the goals of isolation as moisture control, retraction, prevention of harm, and creating a safe operating field. Direct isolation methods mentioned include rubber dams, cotton rolls, evacuators, retraction cords, and mouth props. Indirect methods include patient positioning, local anesthesia, and anti-anxiety medications. The document provides details on the history and advantages of rubber dams, important components like sheets, clamps, and frames, as well as recent advances in isolation products.
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
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skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
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1. CONTROL OF MOISTURE
Introduction
The production of absorbed dryness by the exclusion of mouth sections
and humidity from the operative field is essential to the correct performances of
most operative procedures.
The term oral environment refers to the following items which require
proper control to prevent them. From interfering with the execution of any
restorative procedures
1. Saliva
2. Moving organs, ie tongue
3. Lips & Check
4. The periodontium
5. The contacting teeth and restoration
6. The sulci, floor of the mouth and palate
7. Respiratory moisture
With six major salivary glands producing saliva there must be a way to
evacuate it either mechanically by the patient own swallowing mechanism or
by chemically reducing its secretion.
All these procedures are important because saliva may obstruct proper
vision and access interfere with and detrimentally affect the setting and
adaptability of restorative materials, modify or regale the effect of
1
2. medicaments and may be sprayed with rotary instruments to propagate
infection in the office atmosphere.
1. Moisture Control
Moisture control refers to excluding sulcular fluid, saliva and gingival
bleeding from the operative field.
It also refers to preventing the handpiece spray and restorative debris
from being swallowed or aspirated.
The advantages of isolation are
1. Dry clean operating field
2. Access and visibility
3. Improved properties of dental materials
4. Protection of patient and operator
5. Operating efficiency
Isolation of the operative fields involves several conceptual elements
1. Moisture control
2. Retraction
3. Harm prevention
2
3. 2. Retraction and Access
The details of the restorative procedures cannot be managed without
proper retraction and access. Thus provides maximal exposure of the operative
site. It involves maintaining mouth opening and depressing or retracting the
gingival tissue tongue lips and check.
The rubber dam, mouth props, high volume evacuators, absorbants and
retraction cord are used.
Harm prevention
An axiom taught to every member of the health profession is do not
harm. An important consideration of isolating the operating field is preventing
the patient from being harmed during the operation. Excessive saliva and hand
piece spray can alarm the patient. Small instruments or debris can be
swallowed. As with moisture control and retraction. The dam, section devices
and absorbants play a role in harm prevention. Harm prevention is provided as
such by the nannee in which these devices are used as by the devices
themselves.
Absorbants and Throat shield
Absorbants such as cotton rolls and cellulose wafer are useful for short
periods of isolation example for examination, polishing etc. and also for topical
fluoride application. Absorbants are isolation alternative in cases where rubber
dam application may not be possible.
Especially along with profound anesthesia absorbants provide
acceptable dryness for procedure such as impression taking and cementation.
3
4. The dental assistant mostly has the job of keeping dry cotton rolls in the mouth.
They should be changed when saturated.
Several commercial devices for holding cotton rolls in position are
available. It is generally necessary to remove the holding appliance from the
mouth to change the cotton rolls. This may be inconvenient and time
consuming.
An advantage of cotton roll holders is that the cheeks and tongues are
slightly retracted from the teeth which enhances access and visibility,
For maxillary teeth
A medium sized cotton roll is placed in the adjacent vestibule.
For the mandibular teeth
One medium sized roll in the vestibule and a larger one
between the teeth and tongue.
The teeth are then dried by short blasts from the air syringe.
Cellulose wafers may be used to retract the check and provide
absorbancy.
While removing these absorbants it may be necessary to moisten them
using the all water syringe to prevent removal of the epithelium from the
cheeks, floor of mouth and lips.
4
5. Throat Shields
These are indicated when small instruments are being used or indirect
restoration placed. This is to prevent aspiration or swallowing of restoration.
High volume evacuators and saliva ejectors
When a high speed hand piece is used air water spray is supplied
through the head of the hand piece to wash the operating site and to act as a
coolant for the bur and the tooth. High volume evacuators are perferred for
suctioning water and debris from the mouth because saliva ejectors remove
water slowly and have little capacity for picking up solids.
McWhecter in 1957 showed that evacuators generally would remove 5L
of water in 2 seconds had 75% to 95% pickup of air and water and would
remove 100% of solids during cavity cutting procedures.
A practical test for the efficacy of the evacuator would be to keep it in
150ml of water it should suck it in 1 seconds.
The tips for these may be
1. Plastic Disposable
2. Metallic auto cleavable
The combined use of water spray and high volume evacuator has the
following advantages.
1. Restorative and tooth debris are removed from the operating site.
5
6. 2. Access and visibility are improved.
3. No dehydration of oral tissues.
4. Time is saved as the pauses required for patient to spit and wash are
eliminated.
5. Precious metals are readily salvaged.
6. Quadrant dentistry is facilitated.
Precautions
1. The tip should be as near as possible to the tooth to be operated upon
just distal to it.
2. It should not obstruct the operators view.
3. It should not be so close as to direct the water spray away from the
rotary instrument.
Saliva ejectors
Most patient do not require saliva ejectors as salivary flow is greatly
reduced when the operating site is profoundly anesthetized.
The saliva ejector removes saliva that collects on the floor of the mouth.
It is used in conjunctions with sponges cotton rolls and the rubber dam. It
should be placed in an area least likely to interfere with the operators
movements.
6
7. The tip of the ejector must be smooth and made from a non-irritating
material. Disposable inexpensive plastic ejectors that may be shaped by
bending with the fingers are available. The ejector should be placed to prevent
occluding its tip with tissue from the floor of mouth.
Advantages can be summarized as the
A – adequate access and visibility
B – better patient protection and management
C – control of moisture in operating field
D – decreased operating time of rubber dam i.e.
The Rubber Dam
In 1864 S.C. Barmem a New York city dentist introduced the rubber
dam into dentistry. Use of the rubber dam ensures appropriate dryness of the
teeth and improves the quality of clinical restorative dentistry.
The rubber dam is used to define the operating field by isolating one or
more teeth from the oral environment. The dam eliminator saliva from the
operating site and retracts the soft tissues.
The advantages can be summarized as the
Adequate access and visibility
Better patient proportion and management
Control of moisturing operating field
Decreased operating time
of rubber dam i.e.
7
8. Advantages
1. Dry clean operating field rubber dam isolation is the preferred method
of obtaining appropriate dryness. The time saved by operating in a clean
contamination fill field with the good visibility more than compensate
for the time spend in applying rubber dam.
2. Access and Visibility the rubber dam controls moisture and retracts lips
cheek and tongue. It is dark coloured so it provides a dark non reflective
background so access and visibility are greatly improved.
The rubber dam prevents the agents from contacting the tissues. The
teeth are in a dry field so there is a greater surface area to which solutions like
fluoride etc. may be applied. The teeth become some what dehydrated has their
permeability increases so fluoride uptake is more.
The rubber dam protects the patient from aspirating or swallowing small
instruments or debris associated with operative procedures. Immediate
recovery of these materials is facilitated by the rubber dam. A properly applied
rubber dam protects the soft tissue from irritating or distaste feel medicaments
such as etchants.
The dam also offers some protection from rotating burs and stones in
addition the operator is protected from infections present in the patients mouth.
The time required for patient to expectorate and rinse is saved. A certain
amount of mouth opening is provided.
8
9. Disadvantages
1. It cannot be used in
a. Partially erupted teeth
b. Some third molars
c. Extremely malpositioned teeth.
2. In patient suffering with asthma it cant be used or if patient has
preaching problems in such eases a hole may be cut in the palatal area
thus facilitating breathing through the mouth.
3. Some patients may not be open to the idea of rubber dam if they are
allergic to latex or if they have had an experience previously with an
awkward or inept dental team.
Armamentarium
1. Rubber dam sheets
2. Rubber dam holder
3. Rubber dam retainer
4. Rubber dam punch
5. Forceps
6. Napkin
7. Lubricant
Rubber dam material
It is available in rolls or sheets
The advantage of material in rolls is that it can be cut to the desired
shape whereas rolls are time saving.
9
10. The sheets may be 5x5 inch or 6x6 for Pedo.
Sterile dam material is also available packed as individual sheets. The
thickness available are :
Thin - .006 inch .15mm
Med - .008 inch .2mm
Heavy - .010 inch .25mm
Extra heavy - .012 inch .3mm
Special heavy - .014 inch .35mm
Rubber dam material has a shiny and dull side
The thicker dam is available to retract the tissue its more resistant to
tearing and especially recommended for Class V cavities in conjunction with a
cervical retainers. The thinner materials have the advantage of passing through
the contacts easier which is particularly helpful when they are tight.
Rubber dam clamps
Each clamp consists of
1. A jaw – on each side carrying the tooth attachment blades and wings.
2. A bow - which connects the 2 jaws and which should be elastically
stainable and resistant enough to import a gripping force on the
attaching blades against the teeth.
According to the type and shape of the attaching blades clamps may be
1. 4 point contact blades i.e. blade portions of the jaw point inwards at
each corner so that gripping forces are applied only on these dam points
10
11. usually they contact the axial angles of the tooth and the attachments are
very secure.
Indications
1. Newly erupting teeth.
Disadvantages
Its possible traumatic effect or weakened undermined tooth structure.
2. Circum furencial contact blades
The blade portion has noprojections and will contact the tooth surface
evenly throughout its length. This type is less retentive but may also be less
traumatic.
It is used 1. When axial angles are lost or do not coincide with the corners of
the 4patient contact damps.
2. When axial convexity of the tooth surface is sufficient for
anchorage.
Winged
Clamps may also be classified as
Wingless
Those having wings can be attached to the rubber dam before
application so the dam may be released after the clamp has engaged the tooth.
Those are bulky and cannot be used in 3rd
molars. The various clamps
area Retracting anchoring clamps.
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12. These are clamps especially designed to other functions besides
anchoring the dam to the tooth.
Examples:
The No 212 S.S. White clamp was designed by Rew I Ferrier to isolate
the gingival carious lesion.
It is an effective gingival retractor and is especially used for cohesive
gold restorations as the gingiva does not interfere with polishing of the
restoration.
The No 212 clamp is a double bow hatch type design that is also used
for endodontic treatment of anterior teeth. The lingual opening is facilitated by
the clamp design and there are finger rests on the compound lock that stabilizes
the clamp before the clamp is used the grooves for the forceps should be
deepened with a bur to prevent any movement. When it is placed because
instability could cause damage to the gingiva or cementum. This damp can be
modified to specifically fit narrow teeth lesions located more gingivally than
normal and rotated teeth.
They may also be sectioned and used for gingival isolation.
The Schultz clamp series resembles the 212 clamp but are split in half
facio lingually making it a gingivally retracting clamp with one bow only.
Their use and attachment is very similar to that of 212 clamps but they are
specially useful. Where a second bow cannot be accommodated due to a lack of
space or limited accesses.
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13. Cervical retracting clamps may be single or double bowed, but the jaws
and their blades are movable even after attaching the clamp to the tooth by
moving these blades apically the gingiva can be retracted more apically and
vice versa.
Modified Clamps
Clamps such as No W8A can be reshaped and adapted to almost any
type of tooth and easily secured below the height of contour.
The clamps most commonly modified are the ivory no W8A and the
S.S. White No. 212. Ferrier clamps. These have broad application and can be
fitted to the majority of operative cases.
To expediate placing on rotated teeth the jaws may be modified by
grinding suitable contour to the tip edge. The jaws may be bent for use on teeth
where gingival access to lesions is difficult. This is done by heating the jaws to
cherry red in a flame and then grasping the entire facial jaw and slightly
bending it apically the procedure is repeated for the lingual jaw bending it
occlusally.
It is then carried and placed on the tooth. Next a ball burnisher is hooked
onto one of the retainer notches and used to move the facial jaw gingivally to
final position .5 to 1mm apical of the expected gingival margin care should be
taken that the epithelial attachment is not harmed. The retainer is supported and
locked into this position with red stick modeling compound which is placed
between the bows and gingival embrasures placed between the bows and
gingival embrasures.
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14. Anchors other than retainers
1. A piece of cut rubber dam if wedged between contacting teeth can be
used to anchor the dam especially proximal to the most anteriors isolated
tooth.
2. Inter ceptal rubber if it is of sufficient dimensions and is placed between
intact teeth or properly restored teeth will be a very effective locking
mechanism.
3. Compound is used for immobilization of certain clamps by engaging
their bows with adjacent teeth.
4. Wooden wedges placed between teeth can be used to immobilize the
interceptal rubber or alone to anchor the dam at its most anterior end. They
are also used in isolating bridge pontics and abutments.
5. A dental floss tape tied around a piece of cylindrical rubber, can be
wrapped or tied around the axial surface to lock the dam apical to the rubber
cylinder. This could be used when these are no apical convexities on the
axial surfaces of a terminal anchoring tooth.
6. Rental tape or floss is tied around the neck of the tooth to retain the dam
apically it the gingival clest is at the same level on all tooth surfaces and
will be in contact with dental floss or tape.
Rubber Dam Punch
The punch is apricision instrument having a rotating metal table with 6
holes of varying sizes and a tapered sharp pointed plunger call should be
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15. exercised when changing from one hole to another the plunger should be
centered in the cutting hole and the tip of the plunger should not be allowed to
drag over the edges of the holes, otherwise the cutting quality of the punch will
be ruined as evidenced by in completely cut holes which will tear open easily
when spread during application over the retainer or tooth.
Forceps
Forceps all used to seat the cleanup around the tooth to hold the rubber
dam in the mouth and tolerance the clamp. Cleanup placement requires good
observation to prevent injury to the soft tissue and this is accomplished with
contoured and fitted rubber dam forceps. The nose of the forceps can be refined
to aid in securing the cleanup maintenance includes only lubrication and
sterilization.
Rubber dam holders
There are a variety of holders for the rubber dam but their main
objective is to keep the peripheries of the dam out of the mouth others
objectives mouth.
Others objectives are
1. To stretch the dam in 4 directions.
2. To retract check and lips.
3. To clear the field for further procedures
They are classified as
1. Strap type
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16. Which depends on the back of patient head for anchorage it should be
attached to the dam at its corners and sides. From these attachments come belts
which stretch and pull the rubber towards the occipital parts of the head
eg. Wood burry holder.
They may used an attached weight to keep the dam from wrinkling.
2. Hanging frame holders may be Metallic
Plastic
3. U shaped or ellipitical or rectangular with multiple prongs at their
peripheries these prongs will equal the rubber dam, thus retracting both the
dam and the musculature engaged by the dam. These are the most popular
holders.
Advantages
1. Ease of application
2. Minimal contact of rubber with skin
Disadvantage is that they may decrease the access.
Napkins
These are absorbant materials that are placed between the skin and
rubber dam and has the following advantages.
1. Prevents contact of skin with rubber so reduces the allergic action is
sensitive patients.
2. Absorbs saliva at the corners of the mouth. This prevents irritation and
cracked facial tissue which results from prolonged moisture contact.
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17. 3. Acts as a cusion.
4. Provides a convenient method of wiping the patients lips on removal of
the dam.
It ads to the comfort of the patient especially on long appointments.
Lubricant
A water soluble lubricant is applied in the areas of the punched holes.
This facilitates the passing of the dam through proximal contacts.
The lubricant may be commercially available but shaving cream or soap
sherry are satisfactory substitutes.
All of these agents are easily removable from the enamel surfaces after
the dam application in order to prevent contamination and adaptation problems.
Petroleum jelly is also used by some but leaves an in removable film, so
it is not recommended.
Template
1. A template may be used to mark the location of the holes. These
templates may only serve as guide lines as the teeth may not be in their
ideal places in all mouths.
Another method is to place the area on the rubber dam to be marked on
study models and mark them directly for punching.
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18. A this method is, the patient is asked to bite an a short of base plate wax
which is then chilled and applied over the area to be punched and the teeth are
marked with a pin penetrating the wax.
Guidelines
2. Always isolate a minimum of 3 teeth except for root canal treatment
where only one tooth should be isolated.
3. The distance between 2 holes is equal to the distance between center of
one tooth to center of another measured at the level of gingival tissue.
It the distance is more the dam wrinkles and causes folds if it is less it
stretches and causes seepage.
4. For operations on anterior teeth canine to canine isolation is sufficient
wedges may be placed distal to the canine and are adequate to retain the
dam.
5. For class V lesions and usage of 212 clamp. The hole should be deviated
2-3mm away from the normal arch line facially or lingually depending
on weather it is a facial or lingual lesion.
6. For a person with large upper lip the holes for anterior teeth should be
more than an inch from the edge and vice versa.
7. For mandibular teeth the further posteriorly the anchor tooth the more
dam material is required to come from behind the retainer over the upper
lip.
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19. 8. Heavier dams are used to isolate a class V lesion.
9. Thinner dams have greater elasticity so they require smaller holes.
Attaching the dam to the teeth
There are 4 ways
1. Winged clamps attach the dam to the dam engaging projection the
forceps are engaged in the dam holes. The clamp is placed on the tooth and
pushed apically over the height of contour there, the clamp is then released
from the forceps and the forceps is removed in an occlusal direction. After
making sure of the stability of the clamp the dam holes are disengaged from
the clamp wings and directed apical to the clamp components.
2. A wingless clamp is attached to the anchor tooth. The hole for the
anchor tooth in the rubber is then stretched on both sides laterally and
slipped over the bow and jaws of the clamp and anchored apical to the
clamp jaws.
3. The dam hole is stretched over the tooth to be anchored and kept in
place with finger pressure and then the clamp is placed.
4. The dam can be attached to the bow of a wingless clamp by the edges of
its anchor tooth hole then the clamp is placed and rubber is slipped apical to
its jaws.
Rubber dam application
Special rubber dam application
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20. 1. Fixed bridge isolation
Indications
1. Restoration of an adjacent proximal surface.
2. Cervical restoration of an abutment tooth.
Methods
1. This type is done with no holes in place of the pontic. The dam is seated
so that the rubber will actually be located occtusal to the abutment. Wedges
are inserted interproximally between the pontics and the abutment tooth to
retain the rubber apically softened compound is added to stabilize these
wedges.
2. This is similar to the first except a piece of pipe cleaner is used instead
of wedges.
3. The dam is stretched onto the teeth. A blunt curved suture needle with
floss is threaded the hole for the anterior abutment and then under the
anterior connector and back through the same hole on the lingual side.
The needles direction is then reversed and it is passed from the lingual
side through the hole for 2nd
bridge unit then under the same anterior connector
and then through the hole of the 2nd
bridge unit on the facial side.
A square knot is tied with the free ends of the floss thereby pulling the
dam material simply around the connector and into the gingival embreasure.
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21. Substitution of a retainer with a matrix
A matrix can be applied instead of retainer to hold the rubber dam in
place.
The operator obtains access and visibility for insection of the alloy by
reflecting the dam distally and occlusally over the mirror.
Care must be taken not to stretch the dam so much that it is pulled away
from the matrix permitting leakage around the tooth or slippage over the
matrix.
The matrix unlike the retainer has neither jaws or bow so the dam may
slip unless dryness is maintained.
Removal of Rubber dam
Errors in application and removal
1. Off center arch form this may obstruct the patients nasal airway and may
not even shield the complete oral cavity so foreign material may escape
down the throat.
2. In appropriate distance between the holes
a. Too small distance will lead to leakup.
b. Too great distance will leads to
a. Wrinkling
b. Inadequate access and tissue retraction
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22. 3. In appropriate retainer
Retainer may be in appropriate by
1. Being two small when jaws are stretched it may break.
2. Being unstable on the anchor tooth.
3. Impinging on soft tissue.
4. Impinging on dam material.
4. Sharp tips of a 212 retainer should be
sufficiently dulled to prevent damaging the cementum in Class V
lesions.
5. Shredding or tearing dam should be
avoided as this will lead to incomplete isolation.
Alternative isolation aids
Retraction cord when properly applied can be used for isolation and
retraction in the direct procedures of treatment of cervical lesions in facial
veneering as well as in indirect veneers.
The gingival retraction when moistened with a non caustic styptic may
be placed in gingival sulcus to control sulailar seepage and or hemorrhage.
Most brands are available with and without the voso constrictor
epinephrine which acts to control sulculae fluids.
A properly applied retraction cord, will improve access and visibility
and help prevent abrasion of gingival tissue during cavity preparation.
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23. Antisalivary drugs
The use of drugs in restorative dentistry to control salivation is rarely
indicated and generally limited to atropine.
Is with any drug the operator should be familiar with its indications
contra indications and side effects. It is important to remember that atropine is
contra indicated for nursing mothers and for patients with glaucoma.
Some Anti histaminics like Hi receptor antagonists also cause dryness of
mouth due to anti cholinergic action but they inhibit the action of local
anesthesia so are contra indicated.
Although several methods and devices are available to create a dry
working field. The rubber dam is one of the most ideal the working field that is
produced is in principle.
In medicine, surgical procedures are done with controller operating
field’s surrounded by aseptic environment. An attempt should be made in
restorative dentistry to work only on clean teeth and on a patient who is under
control. Control should mean not only the elimination of moisture but the
elimination of humidity as well utilizing all the above mentioned measures.
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