Smear layer is a controversial topic in the field of operative dentistry and endodontics. This presentation includes composition, concepts, structure, advantages, disadvantages, and removal methods of smear layer.
Smear layer is a controversial topic in the field of operative dentistry and endodontics. This presentation includes composition, concepts, structure, advantages, disadvantages, and removal methods of smear layer.
self correcting anomalies in the development of occlusion. this ppt includes the anomalies of a child's developing occlusion which get corrected by itself in some time as the development continues. This includes Retrognathic mandible,infantile swallow,anterior open and deep bite,etc. these topics are important in BDS final examination
Non –pharmacological behavior management in childrenDr. Harsh Shah
Overview on nonpharmacological managent of behaviour in children
Presented by : Mayuri Karad
SDDCH Parbhani
Guided by : Dr. Rehan Khan
Dept, of Pediatric and preventive dentistry
self correcting anomalies in the development of occlusion. this ppt includes the anomalies of a child's developing occlusion which get corrected by itself in some time as the development continues. This includes Retrognathic mandible,infantile swallow,anterior open and deep bite,etc. these topics are important in BDS final examination
Non –pharmacological behavior management in childrenDr. Harsh Shah
Overview on nonpharmacological managent of behaviour in children
Presented by : Mayuri Karad
SDDCH Parbhani
Guided by : Dr. Rehan Khan
Dept, of Pediatric and preventive dentistry
Minimal Invasive Dentistry (MID) by Dr Charanjeet singh, Associate Proffessor, Dept of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Rama University
Newer techniques in caries removal /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Management of Deep caries /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Alternatives to conventional cavity preparation in paedodonticsSana Mateen Munshi
Introduction to ART, Air Abrasion, Air Polishing, Ozone Therapy, Chemo-mechanical caries removal and Caries Infiltration procedures in Dentistry with indications, advantages and disadvantages.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
3. INTRODUCTION
Dentinal caries – two zones-
In ancient times – hand instruments- painful which surpasssed
in 1871 by James Morrisons instrument from Issac Singer’s
sewing machine – ineffective- Evolution- rotary instruments-
low- high speed- extension for prevention.
thermal, pressure effects, annoying sounds, vibration, use of
anesthesia, pain, fear, anxiety in children, dentin dessication
(WHO-2005)- CARIES- as a localized post- operative, pathological
process of external origin, involving softening of hard tooth
tissue and proceeding to the formation of a cavity.
4. Alternative techniques- air abrasion, sono abrasion, ART,
Lasers, ultrasonic instrumentation, CMCR .
Banerjee et al (2000) in a review, conlcuded that except for the
rotary burs and chemomechanical systems, none of the
techniques were effective in removal of dentinal caries.
1975- Habib et al – 5% - sodium hypochlorite- toxic and
aggressive to adjacent healthy tissues.
Newer solution- NaCL, NaOH, and glycine to 5% NaOCL
GK- 101- N- monocloroglycine- more effective- very slow
Caridex- GK 101E
5. CARIDEX
N- monochloroglycine and amino butyric acid- GK 101E.
Krogman and Goldman (1975)published this material and FDA
approval -1984
Intermittent application of preheated- N- mono-DL-2-aminobutyric
acid.
Chlorination of remaining partially degraded dentinal collagen –
hydroxy proline – pyrrole -2 – carboxilic acid- disruption of altered
collagen fibres in the caries.
Expense, additional clinical time, bulky caridex delivery system,
which consisted of reservoir, a heater, a pump and a hand piece with
applicator tip, large quantity required, solution t5o be heated, short
shelf life, hand instruments were not optimum.
6. CARISOLV
1998- Chriser Hedwards with Lars Strid of Mediteam
collaborated with Dan Ericson and Rolf Bornstein –sweden.
Lysine, luecine, glutamic acid- instead of amino butyric acid.
The improved version of carisolv 1, introduced- 1997, by
Mediteam dental AB (Sweden)
Now been improved and marketed as carisolv -2004 – consists
of two syringes.
Syringe one- NaOCL,
syringe two- 3 amino acids, gel substance- carboxy methyl
cellulose, NaCL, NaOH, saline solution coloring indicator( red)
7. Removal of caries – 5.2 min- as fast as
When carisolv is mixed- the aminoacids bind chlorine and form
chloramines at high pH.
3 amino acids are differently charged- electrostatic attraction
to different areas of proteins – hydrophilic and hydrophobic
patches.
These three choloramine acids gets attracted to one of these
patches, bringing reactive power- breakdown of degraded
collagen- characteristically seen in demineralized portion of
carious lesion- softens only carious dentin leaving healthy
tissue intact.
The porous nature of demineralized dentin allows carisolv to
penetrate.
8. INDICATIONS
Where preservation of tooth structure is important
Removal of root/ cervical caries
Coronal caries with cavitation
Removal of caries at crown margins and bridge abutments
Completion of tunnel preparations
Local anesthesia is contraindicated
In dentally anxious patients, needle phobics
Primary carious lessions in deciduous teeth
ART procedures
In patients with special needs
9. Hand instruments
Specially designed instruments and tips
Atraumatic, help to preserve the tissue, speed up the
treatment- with different shapes and sizes.
Classified-
Type of tips- permanent tips ( double ended), interchangeable
tips( single handle- diff tips)
10. Standard insrument classification:
Carisolv hand instrument 1- extra bend- crown margins and
areas difficult to access
2- multistar- apply gel and start removing caries- promotes
penetration of gel- scraping in all directions with its four
pronged design
3- remove caries in smaller cavities- root caries or deciduous
teeth
4- close to the pulp and to remove softened carious dentin
from the cavity
5- remove caries at DEJ.
11. Power drive
Is a combined electronic instrument for power
operated, minimally invasive caries removal with
carisolv and fro endodontic treatment.
Selective and precise
Fast, simple, efficient
High tissue control, low sound level
Patients can operate the control unit themselves
In dental phobic patients
12. Clinical procedure
Quickly and easily mastered
careful selection – fully visible and easily accesssible
lesions – buccal root caries/ occlusal caries
Instruments- four different handles- eight
interchangeable tips- 0.3-0.2mm- like spoon
excavators- rapid whisking or cutting fashion- removal
of carious tissue only
Tactile sensation- differentiation carious and non
carious lesions
13. Effectiveness will decrease- 20-30 min after mixing, gel is mixed
directly before use and used for a single treatment only –
refrigerated- allowed to come to room temperature before use.
Unmixed gel – two syringe- like tubes- before use two tubes are
secured together using male and female connecting parts-
plungers then depressed to activate the gel- uniform color-
dispensed into the container- 30 sec in place to degrade – rapid
light pressure is applied with the instruments to facilitate
removal of caries, the gel must be continously applied until
cavity preparation is complete.
14. Cavity assessment: surface color, structure and hardness – gel
no longer becomes cloudy once caries removal is complete,
tactile sensation- instrument should easily pass over sound
tooth structure- sound dentin once washed and dried has
frost and irregular appliance- restored in a conventional
manner.
Treatment of children using carisolv-
Do not rush, be sure to give the geo 30 sec to react
Keep the patient well informed during treatment
If the patient experience pain- check the cavity is easilt filled
with gel
Very important not to work with too much force – use speed
and not pressure.
15. advantages
3 amino acids- incorporated- and different charges – have
improved interaction with degraded collagen within lesion.
Higher concentration, higher viscosity, doesnot need to be
heated, or applied through a pump mechanism, improved
shelf life.
Positive acceptance , less pain, discomfort, pleasant
experience, without need of LA, psychologically – less
traumatic experience
16. Disadvantages
Short life
High corrosiveness
Requirement of specialized instruments
high cost
Prolonged time
extensive training ,
registration of professionals
17. PAPACARIE
2003- Brazil- Papacarie- papain, chloramines, toluidine blue,
salts, thickening vehicle- antibacterial, anti-inflammatory
characteristics.
From latex of leaves and fruits – carica papaya
Papain accelerates- cicatricial process –
i. Chemical debridement
ii. Granulation and epithelialization, -phases of cicatrization
iii. Stimulation of the tensile strength of scars
18. Anti- trypsin- inhibits- protien digestion- but infected tissues
donot show anti- trypsin- can digest only dead cells, degraded
collagen, excavator (opposite side) is used like a pendulum
movement without cutting- without promoting any kind of
stimulus / pressure.
Guzman and Guzman (1953) – skin lesions- burns- enz
action –papain- necrotic and purulent processes.
Dawkins (2003)- has bactericidal and bacteriostatic
properties .
19. Advantages:
Naturally available,antimicrobial, affecting only infected dentin
efficient ,easy application
Comfortable, less destructive to dentinal tissues
Inexpensive solution
Does not need special instruments
Very apprehensive patients
20. Carie – care system (India)-2010- Unitech pharamcueticals-
papaya extract( papain) 100mg, clove oil 2 mg, colored gel
(blue), chloramines, NaCL, sodium methyl paraben
- a gel based on papain and chloramines containing similar to
papacarie, is less costly than carisolv and has similar use
The newer version of the product- Papacarie Duo was released
in 2011 and has same eficacy with number of additional
properties -
such as longer shelf life, no need of refrigerated storage, also
has greater viscosity, allowing more precise placement and
less waste during procedure, and offers of minimally invasive
method, that is easy to apply, and dispenses of dental
equipment beyond the need for blunt scraping instruments,
isolation of the operating field and water.
21. Indigenously Prepared Caries Removing Gel ( papEdent- a
painless gel -2011)
Consists of an enzyme- papin, an anti-oxidant ( D-∞
tocopherol acetate, humectant – glycerin,emulsifier-
amylopectin, thickener – carbopol, preservative- propyl –p-
hydroxybenzoate), coloring agent – green apple and distilled
water as a vehicle.
Refrigerated, within 1 hour
Natural product
Bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, whitening properties
Acts only on damaged tissues
No allergies, no special instrument
easy, economical
22. ADVANTAGES
Minimal invasive technique
Increase patient’s compliance, left the healthy dentin intact
Eliminates use of anesthesia, pain, sound tooth structure
removal
Selectively removes softened dentin - tooth structure –
iatrogenic pulp exposure.
Painless procedure
Biocompatible, bactericidal, bacteriostatic, atraumatic
Also aids in bonding adhesive restorations
Special child, medically compromised patients
Dental camps , school dental camps, community dental camps.
23. LIMITATIONS
Difficult clinical handling
Large volume of solution needed
Short life of opened packages
Time required
Hand instruments are not appropriate for cutting enamel, and
now a days, most cavities are not large enough to allow proper
access to carious dentin.
24. STUDIES
Pandit IK et al (2007) compared – airotor, carisolv, hand
instruments- caries removal, time, pain experience.
Pai S V et al (2009)- depth of penetration of bonding resin was
significantly more in carisolv group compared to bur group.
Singhal P, Das UM, Vishwanathan D, Singhal A (2012)- Carisolv
was slightly better than NaoCl 1% gel at apical third because of
formation of high pH chloramines, which is a potent
disinfectant with tissue solvent properties.
25. Anegudi RT, Patil SB, Tagginmani V, Shetty SD (2012)- carried to
compare reduction of cariogenic flora, duration of caries
removal, the amount of tooth loss, child’s behavioral
assessment before, during, after procedure, pain perception.
26. Maragakis et al (2001) who claimed that children prefr
conventional method as it was quicker, it tasted better and
finished earlier.
Yazici et al(2003) – presence of bacteria, absence of smear
layer- pushing of bacteria into the dentinal tubules
Ingle et al (2007)found that subjects fear of the dentists
increased in the CMCR method, while slightly decreased in the
conventional method.
27. RFERENCES
Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gugnani N, Gupta M, Verma L. Various
Methods of Caries Removal in Children: A Comparative Clinical Study.
J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2007
Pai VS , Nadig RR, Jagadeesh TG, Usha G, Karthik J, Sridhara KS.
Chemical Analysis Of Dentin Surfaces After Carisolv Treatment. J
Conserv Dent 2009;2(3): 118-22
Jawa D, Singh S, Somani R, Jaida S, Srikar K, Jaidka R. Comparative
evaluation of the efficacy of chemomechanical caries removal agent
( Papacarie) and conventional method of caries removal: An invitro
study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2010;2(28):73-77
28. Subramaniam P, Gilhotra K. Antimicrobial efficacy of an
indigenously prepared caries removing gel. Contemp Clinic
Dent 2011;2(1):13-16
Singhal P, Das UM, Vishwanathan D, Singhal A. Carisolv as an
endodontic irrigant in decidous teeth: An SEM study. Indian
Journal of Dental Research 2012;23(1)
J Kumar, M Nayak, KL Prasad, N Gupta. A comparative study of
the clinical efficiency of chemomechanical caries removal
using Carisolv® and Papacarie® – A papain gel. Indian Journal
of Dental Research 2012;23(5)
Anegundi RT, Patil SB, Tegginmani V, Shetty SD. A
comparative microbiological study to assess caries excavation
by conventional rotary method and a chemo-mechanical
method. Contemp Clinic Dent 2012;3(4):388-392.
29. Avinash A, Grover SD, Koul M, Nayak MT,Singhvi A, Singh RK.
Comparison of mechanical and chemomechanical methods of caries
removal in deciduous and permanent teeth: A SEM study. J Indian
Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2012;2(30):115-121.
Ramamoorthi S, Nivedhitha MS, Vanajassun PP. Effect of two
different chemomechanical caries removal agents on dentin
microhardness: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2013;16(5):429-
433.
Matsumoto SFB, Motta LJ, Alfaya TA, Guedes CC, Fernandes KPS,
Bussadori SK. Assessment of chemomechanical removal of carious
lesions using Papacarie Duo ™: Randomized longitudinal clinical trial.
Indian Journal of Dental Research 2013;24(4):488-492.
30. Dean A J, Mc Donald R E, Avery D R. Dentistry for the
Child and Adolescent, 9th edition, Missouri, Mosby,2011
Marwah N. Text Book of Pediatric Dentistry. 2nd edition.
New Delhi: Jaypee medical publishers; 2009.
Tandon S. Text Book of Pedodontics. 2nd edition.
Hyderabad: Paras medical publishers; 2008.
Damle HG. Text Book of Pediatric Dentistry. 3rd edition.
New Delhi :Arya publishers;2009.
Pinkham JR, Casamassimo PS, Mc Tigue DJ, Fields HW,
Nowak AJ. Text Book of Pediatric Dentistry. 4th edition.
St.Louis,Missouri: Saunders publishers;2005.
Meera R, Muthu MS, Phanibabu M, Rathnaprabhu V. First
dental visit of a child. J Indian Soc Pedod Prevent Dent.
2008(Suppl);S68-S71.