Pit and fissure sealants are thin plastic coatings placed in the pits and fissures of teeth to act as a physical barrier against decay. They were introduced in the 1960s using acrylic polymers and composites. Studies show sealants can arrest incipient caries by being placed over initial decay after removal. Tooth morphology determines susceptibility, with deep narrow fissures at highest risk. Sealant placement involves cleaning and etching teeth to increase adhesion, then applying and curing the sealant material in the pits and fissures to form a protective barrier. Regular checkups are needed to assess sealant retention and repair any failures from contamination.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The oral screen is a removable orthodontic appliance introduced in 1912 used to correct conditions like thumb sucking and mouth breathing. It works by concentrating pressure from the lips and cheeks on proclined front teeth near the incisal edges. It also prevents forces from the perioral muscles from acting on the back teeth, allowing for arch expansion. Variations include the vestibular screen, which extends into the vestibule without touching teeth, and the double oral screen for eliminating multiple issues. Small holes may be added initially if needed for breathing and gradually reduced in size.
Success of any dental procedure is determined by a good isolation. Here is a seminar on how to isolate the oral cavity from fluids and maintain a good dry field while working on a patient
The term pit and fissure sealant is used to describe a material that is introduced into the occlusal pits and fissures of caries susceptible teeth, thus forming a micromechanically bonded, protective layer cutting access of caries-producing bacteria from their source of nutrients.
This document provides an overview of dental composite materials. It begins with an introduction and then discusses the history, definitions, indications, advantages, disadvantages, and classifications of composites. It describes the composition of composites including the resin matrix, inorganic fillers, and coupling agents. Different types of composites are explained such as traditional composites, small particle composites, microfilled composites, hybrid composites, and nanofilled composites. Recent advances like flowable composites, packable composites, antibacterial composites, nanocomposites, ormocers, compomers, and smart composites are also summarized.
Glass-ionomer cement is used for various dental applications including final cementation, cavity bases, esthetic fillings, and orthodontic bracket cementation. It consists of a powder made of calcium-fluoro-alumino-silicate glass and a liquid containing polyacrylic acid. The acid-base setting reaction involves the glass dissolving in acid to release ions that crosslink the polyacrylic acid chains. Modifications include resin-modified glass-ionomer cement which incorporates resin monomers to form a protective matrix during the acid-base setting reaction.
This document discusses various aspects of direct pulp capping procedures including indications, materials, and techniques. It provides information on different types of pulp capping materials like calcium hydroxide, MTA, Biodentine and their properties and mechanisms of action in pulp healing and dentin bridge formation. The document also outlines the steps of direct pulp capping techniques including isolation, controlling bleeding, application of the capping material and restoration. Bases are described as providing insulation, bulk build up and blocking of undercuts under restorations.
Essential diagnostic aids in orthodonticsHariprasadL3
1. Orthodontic diagnosis involves collecting data through various diagnostic aids like case history, clinical examination, study models, and radiographs to identify the nature and cause of a malocclusion.
2. Essential diagnostic aids include case history, clinical examination, study models, periapical radiographs, and bitewing radiographs which provide information on the patient's medical history, dentition, occlusion, and underlying bone and tissue.
3. Additional diagnostic aids like cephalometric radiographs, photographs, and specialized radiographic views provide supplementary information to develop a comprehensive orthodontic diagnosis.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The oral screen is a removable orthodontic appliance introduced in 1912 used to correct conditions like thumb sucking and mouth breathing. It works by concentrating pressure from the lips and cheeks on proclined front teeth near the incisal edges. It also prevents forces from the perioral muscles from acting on the back teeth, allowing for arch expansion. Variations include the vestibular screen, which extends into the vestibule without touching teeth, and the double oral screen for eliminating multiple issues. Small holes may be added initially if needed for breathing and gradually reduced in size.
Success of any dental procedure is determined by a good isolation. Here is a seminar on how to isolate the oral cavity from fluids and maintain a good dry field while working on a patient
The term pit and fissure sealant is used to describe a material that is introduced into the occlusal pits and fissures of caries susceptible teeth, thus forming a micromechanically bonded, protective layer cutting access of caries-producing bacteria from their source of nutrients.
This document provides an overview of dental composite materials. It begins with an introduction and then discusses the history, definitions, indications, advantages, disadvantages, and classifications of composites. It describes the composition of composites including the resin matrix, inorganic fillers, and coupling agents. Different types of composites are explained such as traditional composites, small particle composites, microfilled composites, hybrid composites, and nanofilled composites. Recent advances like flowable composites, packable composites, antibacterial composites, nanocomposites, ormocers, compomers, and smart composites are also summarized.
Glass-ionomer cement is used for various dental applications including final cementation, cavity bases, esthetic fillings, and orthodontic bracket cementation. It consists of a powder made of calcium-fluoro-alumino-silicate glass and a liquid containing polyacrylic acid. The acid-base setting reaction involves the glass dissolving in acid to release ions that crosslink the polyacrylic acid chains. Modifications include resin-modified glass-ionomer cement which incorporates resin monomers to form a protective matrix during the acid-base setting reaction.
This document discusses various aspects of direct pulp capping procedures including indications, materials, and techniques. It provides information on different types of pulp capping materials like calcium hydroxide, MTA, Biodentine and their properties and mechanisms of action in pulp healing and dentin bridge formation. The document also outlines the steps of direct pulp capping techniques including isolation, controlling bleeding, application of the capping material and restoration. Bases are described as providing insulation, bulk build up and blocking of undercuts under restorations.
Essential diagnostic aids in orthodonticsHariprasadL3
1. Orthodontic diagnosis involves collecting data through various diagnostic aids like case history, clinical examination, study models, and radiographs to identify the nature and cause of a malocclusion.
2. Essential diagnostic aids include case history, clinical examination, study models, periapical radiographs, and bitewing radiographs which provide information on the patient's medical history, dentition, occlusion, and underlying bone and tissue.
3. Additional diagnostic aids like cephalometric radiographs, photographs, and specialized radiographic views provide supplementary information to develop a comprehensive orthodontic diagnosis.
GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND ITS RECENT ADVANCES- by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document provides an overview of glass ionomer cement, including its definition, history, composition, classification, setting reaction, properties, and recent advances. Key points include:
- Glass ionomer cement was invented in 1969 and first reported in 1971, consisting of a glass powder and aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid.
- It is classified based on its intended use, such as luting cement, restorative cement, or liner/base material.
- The setting reaction involves an acid-base reaction between the glass powder and polyacrylic acid, forming bonds through a calcium polyacrylate matrix that continues to harden over time.
- Properties include adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatibility, fluoride
MTA is a biocompatible material introduced in 1993 as a repair material with properties like sealing ability, tissue regeneration, and antibacterial effects. It has applications in pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, root-end fillings, and repair of root perforations. MTA sets into a hard material with high pH and promotes mineralized tissue formation. It has advantages over calcium hydroxide in applications requiring hard tissue barriers.
Direct pulp capping involves placing a protective material directly over an exposed dental pulp to encourage healing and formation of reparative dentin. It is a conservative treatment alternative to root canal therapy to save a tooth's vitality when the exposure is small. Success rates range widely from 13-98% depending on factors like the type of exposure, quality of the restoration, and operator skill. Calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate are commonly used capping materials that induce healing, but newer options like Biodentine show promise as well. Future trends may involve techniques like lasers, gene therapy, or stem cells to further improve pulp capping outcomes.
This document discusses dental base and liners. It describes their classifications, properties, and considerations for use. The main classifications discussed are varnishes, liners, sub bases, and high strength bases. Key properties addressed include thermal properties, protection against chemical insults, physical properties, and pulp reaction. Different materials are compared, including zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc phosphate, and zinc polycarboxylate. Requirements, manipulation, and indications for use are also outlined.
This document discusses the definition, etiology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of cross bites. Cross bites can be anterior or posterior and can have dental, skeletal, or functional causes. Management involves correcting the cross bite through various appliances depending on the stage of dentition, from simple elastics in primary dentition to more complex appliances like face masks or orthognathic surgery in permanent dentition. The goal is to intercept and correct cross bites early to prevent progression to more severe malocclusions requiring prolonged treatment.
Centric relation is the most posterior position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla, from which lateral movements can be made. It is a reproducible position that serves as a reliable guide for developing occlusion in complete dentures. There are various methods for recording centric relation, including functional methods like the needle house method and excursive methods using intraoral or extraoral tracings. Establishing accurate centric relation is important for proper functioning, aesthetics, and comfort of complete dentures.
This document provides an overview of pulp capping agents and procedures. It begins with definitions of indirect and direct pulp capping. It then discusses various pulp capping agents that have been used historically and currently, including calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide-eugenol, glass ionomer cement, and mineral trioxide aggregate. For each agent, the document outlines their proposed mechanisms of action, advantages, and disadvantages based on literature. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive review of the key considerations and materials used for pulp capping procedures.
Glass Ionomer cement & it's advancement.Sk Aziz Ikbal
Glass ionomer cement was introduced in 1972 as a tooth-colored filling material that bonds chemically to tooth structure and releases fluoride. There have since been several advancements to glass ionomer cement, including metal-modified versions to increase strength, resin-modified varieties to enhance setting properties and reduce sensitivity, and polyacid-modified composite resins that combine the benefits of glass ionomer with the durability of composites. These various types of glass ionomer cements each have advantages and uses in dental restoration.
The document discusses calcium hydroxide, including its:
- History of use in dentistry since the 1800s
- Chemical composition and properties like high pH that enable tissue mineralization and antimicrobial effects
- Mechanisms of action in stimulating mineralization and destroying bacteria through ion dissociation
- Uses in various dental procedures like pulp capping, pulpotomy, and apexification
The summary covers the key aspects of the document such as the history, composition, properties, and uses of calcium hydroxide in a concise 3 sentences.
The document discusses isolation techniques in operative dentistry. It describes the goals of isolation as moisture control, retraction and access, and harm prevention. Direct isolation methods include the rubber dam, cotton rolls, suction devices, and gingival retraction cord. Indirect methods involve patient positioning, local anesthesia, and anti-sialogogue drugs. The rubber dam provides a dry field, protects the patient and operator, and improves material properties. Materials and techniques for proper rubber dam application are outlined.
This document provides guidelines for preparing class II inlay restorations. It describes initial procedures like evaluating occlusion and administering anesthesia. It discusses preparing the occlusal outline, proximal box, bevels, and flares. Modifications for specific tooth shapes and situations are covered. Preparation variations like slices and flares are explained. Special considerations for abutment teeth and root surface lesions are also summarized. The document provides a thorough overview of class II inlay preparation techniques.
Early childhood caries (ECC) as the presences of one or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated), missing (as a result of caries), or filled tooth surface in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger.
Introduction
Classification
Composition
Properties Of GIC
Clinical Application Of GIC & GIC In Endodontics
Contraindication Of GIC
Types Of GIC
Recent Advances
Conclusion
References.
This document discusses dental pit and fissure sealants. It begins by defining pits and fissures, then provides a brief history of sealants. It describes the ideal requirements, materials used, indications and contraindications. It discusses which teeth should be sealed and the appropriate age ranges. The document concludes by outlining the technique for applying sealants.
Metal ceramic crowns are a widely used restoration with improvements in technology, skills, and growing cosmetic demands. They require more tooth reduction than all-ceramic crowns due to the metal substructure underneath porcelain. Indications include extensive tooth destruction from caries, trauma, or existing restorations where esthetics and durability are priorities. Contraindications include untreated periodontal disease, young patients with large pulps due to risk of exposure, and situations where more conservative options are possible.
This document provides information about indirect retainers used in removable partial dentures (RPDs). It defines indirect retainers as parts of RPDs that function through lever action to help prevent displacement of distal extension bases. The main functions of indirect retainers are to shift the fulcrum line away from lifting forces and stabilize the denture. Factors like the effectiveness of direct retainers, distance from the fulcrum line, and rigidity of connectors impact the effectiveness of indirect retention. Common types of indirect retainers discussed include auxiliary occlusal rests, canine extensions, and continuous bar retainers.
This document provides an overview of dental cements. It begins with an introduction to dental cements, their classification, uses, properties, and examples. Key points include that dental cements are used as luting agents, restorative materials, and bases/liners. They are classified based on their composition and setting reaction. Common cements discussed include silicate, zinc phosphate, zinc polycarboxylate, zinc oxide eugenol, glass ionomer, resin modified glass ionomer, and resin cements. The properties, compositions, uses and advantages/disadvantages of different cements are summarized.
Pits and fissure sealants are materials applied to tooth surfaces to prevent decay by filling pits and grooves where plaque can accumulate. They are needed because the morphology of teeth makes fissures prone to decay, acting as natural food traps. There are several generations of sealants from chemically cured to light cured varieties containing fluoride. Application involves isolating the tooth, etching with acid to increase surface area, rinsing and drying before applying the sealant and curing it with light for 20 seconds. Sealants must be checked periodically as moisture contamination can cause early failure.
Pits and fissures on teeth are susceptible to decay due to food and plaque retention. Sealants are materials that are applied to pits and fissures to prevent decay by creating a protective barrier. There are various types of sealants classified by composition, curing method, and presence of filler. The sealant application procedure involves cleaning and isolating the tooth, etching the enamel, applying the sealant, curing it, and inspecting the result. Sealants are a highly effective, cost-efficient way to prevent dental caries in susceptible tooth areas.
GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND ITS RECENT ADVANCES- by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document provides an overview of glass ionomer cement, including its definition, history, composition, classification, setting reaction, properties, and recent advances. Key points include:
- Glass ionomer cement was invented in 1969 and first reported in 1971, consisting of a glass powder and aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid.
- It is classified based on its intended use, such as luting cement, restorative cement, or liner/base material.
- The setting reaction involves an acid-base reaction between the glass powder and polyacrylic acid, forming bonds through a calcium polyacrylate matrix that continues to harden over time.
- Properties include adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatibility, fluoride
MTA is a biocompatible material introduced in 1993 as a repair material with properties like sealing ability, tissue regeneration, and antibacterial effects. It has applications in pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, root-end fillings, and repair of root perforations. MTA sets into a hard material with high pH and promotes mineralized tissue formation. It has advantages over calcium hydroxide in applications requiring hard tissue barriers.
Direct pulp capping involves placing a protective material directly over an exposed dental pulp to encourage healing and formation of reparative dentin. It is a conservative treatment alternative to root canal therapy to save a tooth's vitality when the exposure is small. Success rates range widely from 13-98% depending on factors like the type of exposure, quality of the restoration, and operator skill. Calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate are commonly used capping materials that induce healing, but newer options like Biodentine show promise as well. Future trends may involve techniques like lasers, gene therapy, or stem cells to further improve pulp capping outcomes.
This document discusses dental base and liners. It describes their classifications, properties, and considerations for use. The main classifications discussed are varnishes, liners, sub bases, and high strength bases. Key properties addressed include thermal properties, protection against chemical insults, physical properties, and pulp reaction. Different materials are compared, including zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc phosphate, and zinc polycarboxylate. Requirements, manipulation, and indications for use are also outlined.
This document discusses the definition, etiology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of cross bites. Cross bites can be anterior or posterior and can have dental, skeletal, or functional causes. Management involves correcting the cross bite through various appliances depending on the stage of dentition, from simple elastics in primary dentition to more complex appliances like face masks or orthognathic surgery in permanent dentition. The goal is to intercept and correct cross bites early to prevent progression to more severe malocclusions requiring prolonged treatment.
Centric relation is the most posterior position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla, from which lateral movements can be made. It is a reproducible position that serves as a reliable guide for developing occlusion in complete dentures. There are various methods for recording centric relation, including functional methods like the needle house method and excursive methods using intraoral or extraoral tracings. Establishing accurate centric relation is important for proper functioning, aesthetics, and comfort of complete dentures.
This document provides an overview of pulp capping agents and procedures. It begins with definitions of indirect and direct pulp capping. It then discusses various pulp capping agents that have been used historically and currently, including calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide-eugenol, glass ionomer cement, and mineral trioxide aggregate. For each agent, the document outlines their proposed mechanisms of action, advantages, and disadvantages based on literature. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive review of the key considerations and materials used for pulp capping procedures.
Glass Ionomer cement & it's advancement.Sk Aziz Ikbal
Glass ionomer cement was introduced in 1972 as a tooth-colored filling material that bonds chemically to tooth structure and releases fluoride. There have since been several advancements to glass ionomer cement, including metal-modified versions to increase strength, resin-modified varieties to enhance setting properties and reduce sensitivity, and polyacid-modified composite resins that combine the benefits of glass ionomer with the durability of composites. These various types of glass ionomer cements each have advantages and uses in dental restoration.
The document discusses calcium hydroxide, including its:
- History of use in dentistry since the 1800s
- Chemical composition and properties like high pH that enable tissue mineralization and antimicrobial effects
- Mechanisms of action in stimulating mineralization and destroying bacteria through ion dissociation
- Uses in various dental procedures like pulp capping, pulpotomy, and apexification
The summary covers the key aspects of the document such as the history, composition, properties, and uses of calcium hydroxide in a concise 3 sentences.
The document discusses isolation techniques in operative dentistry. It describes the goals of isolation as moisture control, retraction and access, and harm prevention. Direct isolation methods include the rubber dam, cotton rolls, suction devices, and gingival retraction cord. Indirect methods involve patient positioning, local anesthesia, and anti-sialogogue drugs. The rubber dam provides a dry field, protects the patient and operator, and improves material properties. Materials and techniques for proper rubber dam application are outlined.
This document provides guidelines for preparing class II inlay restorations. It describes initial procedures like evaluating occlusion and administering anesthesia. It discusses preparing the occlusal outline, proximal box, bevels, and flares. Modifications for specific tooth shapes and situations are covered. Preparation variations like slices and flares are explained. Special considerations for abutment teeth and root surface lesions are also summarized. The document provides a thorough overview of class II inlay preparation techniques.
Early childhood caries (ECC) as the presences of one or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated), missing (as a result of caries), or filled tooth surface in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger.
Introduction
Classification
Composition
Properties Of GIC
Clinical Application Of GIC & GIC In Endodontics
Contraindication Of GIC
Types Of GIC
Recent Advances
Conclusion
References.
This document discusses dental pit and fissure sealants. It begins by defining pits and fissures, then provides a brief history of sealants. It describes the ideal requirements, materials used, indications and contraindications. It discusses which teeth should be sealed and the appropriate age ranges. The document concludes by outlining the technique for applying sealants.
Metal ceramic crowns are a widely used restoration with improvements in technology, skills, and growing cosmetic demands. They require more tooth reduction than all-ceramic crowns due to the metal substructure underneath porcelain. Indications include extensive tooth destruction from caries, trauma, or existing restorations where esthetics and durability are priorities. Contraindications include untreated periodontal disease, young patients with large pulps due to risk of exposure, and situations where more conservative options are possible.
This document provides information about indirect retainers used in removable partial dentures (RPDs). It defines indirect retainers as parts of RPDs that function through lever action to help prevent displacement of distal extension bases. The main functions of indirect retainers are to shift the fulcrum line away from lifting forces and stabilize the denture. Factors like the effectiveness of direct retainers, distance from the fulcrum line, and rigidity of connectors impact the effectiveness of indirect retention. Common types of indirect retainers discussed include auxiliary occlusal rests, canine extensions, and continuous bar retainers.
This document provides an overview of dental cements. It begins with an introduction to dental cements, their classification, uses, properties, and examples. Key points include that dental cements are used as luting agents, restorative materials, and bases/liners. They are classified based on their composition and setting reaction. Common cements discussed include silicate, zinc phosphate, zinc polycarboxylate, zinc oxide eugenol, glass ionomer, resin modified glass ionomer, and resin cements. The properties, compositions, uses and advantages/disadvantages of different cements are summarized.
Pits and fissure sealants are materials applied to tooth surfaces to prevent decay by filling pits and grooves where plaque can accumulate. They are needed because the morphology of teeth makes fissures prone to decay, acting as natural food traps. There are several generations of sealants from chemically cured to light cured varieties containing fluoride. Application involves isolating the tooth, etching with acid to increase surface area, rinsing and drying before applying the sealant and curing it with light for 20 seconds. Sealants must be checked periodically as moisture contamination can cause early failure.
Pits and fissures on teeth are susceptible to decay due to food and plaque retention. Sealants are materials that are applied to pits and fissures to prevent decay by creating a protective barrier. There are various types of sealants classified by composition, curing method, and presence of filler. The sealant application procedure involves cleaning and isolating the tooth, etching the enamel, applying the sealant, curing it, and inspecting the result. Sealants are a highly effective, cost-efficient way to prevent dental caries in susceptible tooth areas.
Dr. Babu discussed dental sealants, including defining sealants, identifying the two main types of pits and fissures, criteria for selecting teeth for sealants, and the steps to place sealants. He explained that sealants form a protective layer in pits and fissures to prevent bacteria from causing caries. The steps include isolation, etching, rinsing, drying, applying the sealant, curing, and then checking for retention.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses pit and fissure sealants. It begins by noting that pit and fissure areas are highly susceptible to dental caries, accounting for 50% of caries. It then reviews the caries process in pits and fissures. Several milestones in pit and fissure sealant development are outlined, from early filling techniques to modern resin-based sealants. The document discusses the classification, effectiveness, requirements, case selection criteria, and application technique for pit and fissure sealants. Recent advances including acid-releasing and wet-bonding sealants are also summarized.
Fissure sealant is a plastic material applied to the pits and fissures of teeth to prevent dental caries development. It acts as a physical barrier, blocking bacteria from entering the protected areas where plaque can accumulate. Several generations of sealants have been developed over time, improving adhesion and curing methods. Ideal sealants cure quickly, adhere well to enamel, and resist wear. Sealant placement involves isolating the tooth, cleaning, etching with acid, rinsing, applying the sealant, and evaluating. Regular recall visits are needed to check sealant retention and reapply if lost. Sealants are effective at reducing dental caries when used according to protocol in patients with deep fissure anatomy or high
Pit and fissure sealants are materials introduced into pits and fissures of teeth to form a protective layer and prevent dental caries. There are various types including resin-based, glass ionomer, and fluoride-releasing sealants. Placement involves isolating the tooth, etching the surface, applying the sealant, and curing. Long-term studies show sealants maintain protection against caries for many years when retained. Risk assessment is important to identify patients that will benefit most from sealants.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the basic principles of bonding in dentistry. It describes how bonding involves preparing the tooth surface by removing debris and etching it with phosphoric acid. For enamel, a single-component bonding agent is used that penetrates the etched surface to form resin tags. For dentin, a primer and adhesive resin are used. The primer penetrates wet, etched dentin and the adhesive bonds to the primer. Solvents are needed for the resins to penetrate water on the tooth surfaces.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of orthodontic adhesives. It discusses the benefits of bonding over banding, as well as the history of adhesive development from Buonocore's acid etch technique to modern composite resins and bonding agents. The mechanisms of adhesion and requirements for adhesive systems are explained. The document reviews the common materials used as adhesives, including glass ionomer cements, composites, and resin-modified glass ionomers. It also covers the clinical application of adhesives, including bonding to enamel and dentin using various generations of bonding agents.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides information on pit and fissure sealants. It discusses the legal requirements, certification requirements, and types of training needed to place sealants. It describes what sealants are, their effectiveness in preventing decay, and factors influencing retention. Different sealant materials, application techniques, and potential complications are outlined. The document highlights the importance of sealants in preventing decay, especially in pits and fissures, and their cost-effectiveness compared to other restorative treatments.
This document provides information on dental pit and fissure sealants, including their definition, history, properties, rationale for use, indications, contraindications, and application technique. Pit and fissure sealants are protective materials applied to the pits and grooves of teeth to prevent decay by isolating them from bacteria. They were first developed in the 1960s using bis-GMA resin and are now most commonly applied to posterior primary and permanent teeth judged to be at high risk of decay. Proper technique involves cleaning, etching, application of sealant, and curing either chemically or with visible light. Sealants are effective at preventing decay when applied correctly.
Bonding in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
PIT and FISSURE SEALANTS USED IN DENTISTRYswarnimakhichi
This document provides information on pit and fissure sealants. It discusses the morphology of pits and fissures, how they are highly susceptible to dental caries. It then covers the milestones in the development of pit and fissure sealants, including the introduction of bonding resins. The document outlines the ideal requirements, indications, and contraindications for sealant application. Finally, it describes the technique for applying sealants, including cleaning, etching, applying the sealant material, and curing it with light. Maintaining the sealant over time through recall visits is also discussed.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
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Pit and fissure sealant
1. PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS
Presented by:
Varsha vishwakarma
BDS final year
2 October 2020 1
2. Pit and fissure sealants
A thin plastic coating placed in the pit and
fissures of the teeth to act as a physical barrier to
decay the teeth and prevent further caries
progression.
2 October 2020 2
3. History of Sealants
Acrylic polymers introduced to dentistry -1937
Composites - 1960
“Occlusal Sealing” - 1965
Glass ionomers -1972
2 October 2020 3
4. Incipient Caries
Studies have shown that sealants can be placed over
incipient caries which arrests the caries process.
Most dentists choose to use air abrasion, a bur, or a
laser to remove the caries before the sealant is placed.
2 October 2020 4
8. 2) I Type-
Is deep, narrow and quite constricted , resembling a
bottle neck.
Are caries susceptible.
Requires invasive technique.
2 October 2020 8
Types Of Fissures :-
1) V Type & U Type-
Are shallow and wide and tend to be self cleansing
and somewhat caries resistant.
Non-invasive technique is recommended.
9. Types of Pit and Fissure Sealants
Based on types characteristics
A]Generations 1st generation .activated by ultra-violet light
.no more used as U-V light is harmful
to the body
2nd generation .chemical curing resins, based on catlyst
.accelerator system e.g. Concise( 3M)
3rd generation .activated by visible light
4th generation .fluoride containing ( double protection)
2 October 2020 9
10. Based on types characteristics
B]Fillers unfilled .flow is better
semifilled .more resistant to wear
C]Color clear .esthetic but difficult to detect at recall
examination
tinted .can be easily identified
opaque .can be easily identified
pink .Can be easily identified
2 October 2020 10
11. Preventive Programs as Related to Sealants
Tooth brushing and flossing - mechanical plaque
removal .
Fluoride – chemical prevention.
Dental visits – mechanical plaque removal and
chemical prevention.
2 October 2020 11
12. Diet
Minimize exposure to cariogenic foods and liquids that
have little or no nutritional value.
Minimize solid and sticky foods.
Minimize slowly dissolving foods.
2 October 2020 12
13. Other Preventive Programs
Community water
fluoridation
School water
fluoridation
Fluoridated toothpaste
Fluoride mouthrinse
In-office treatment
50-60% (18-40%)
40%
15-30%
31%
26%
2 October 2020 13
15. Sealant Failure
Debris and/or saliva contamination.
Air inclusion during manipulation – voids.
Manipulating self-cured sealants late in the setting
reaction.
2 October 2020 15
16. Loss of Sealant
A contaminated site from faulty technique will likely
result in complete or partial loss of the sealant within
6-12 months.
2 October 2020 16
17. Indications
1:-Deep fissures.
2:-Incomplete or ill formed pits.
3:-Newly erupted teeth.
4:-High caries rate.
(a) Children.
(b) Molars .
2 October 2020 17
18. Contraindications
Shallow fissures.
Well coalesced pits.
Fluoride rich enamel.
Low caries rate.
Occlusal or proximal caries.
Adults.
2 October 2020 18
22. Acid etch Phosphoric acid 35%-40%-50%.
Mainly 37% phosphoric acid is
used.
Dissolves organic portion of
enamel.
“micromechanical retention”
2 October 2020 22
23. Acid etch - continued
Creates more
surface area for
better
adhesion.
Also it provide
high energy
surface area for
bonding.
2 October 2020 23
24. Acid etch - Precautions
Avoid contact with
adjacent teeth or soft
tissues.
Can use mylar strips
or matrix bands .
2 October 2020 24
25. Drying agent (PrimaDry)
Acid etching and
Primadry (alcohol
based) allows enamel
to be easily “wetted.”
2 October 2020 25
26. PrimaDry – precautions
Active ingredient – ethyl alcohol.
If skin contact – wash with soap and water.
If eye contact – flush with lots of water.
Ingestion- give large amounts of water or
milk.
2 October 2020 26
27. Sealant composition
1:-A type of
specialized
plastic (resin) or
glass ionomer
material.
2:-Matrix.
3:-Filler.
2 October 2020 27
28. Sealant Types
1:-Resin Sealants
(Bis-GMA) Bisphenol A-
glycidyl methacrylate
resins.
Urethane-based resin.
2:-Glass Ionomer Sealants
Anticariogenic.
More viscous, less
retention, more brittle
and less resistant to
occlusal wear.
2 October 2020 28
29. Chemical cure sealant materials
Advantages
No cure light or risk of eye damage.
Can apply sealants to several teeth..
Disadvantages
Variation in setting time (appx 2 min).
Voids from mixing material.
Changes in viscosity over time.
2 October 2020 29
30. Light cured sealant materials
Advantages
Short setting time (appx 20 seconds).
No mixing required.
Won’t set-up – longer working time.
Does not get thick .
Disadvantages
Potential eye damage due to light cure.
Additional cost of cure light.
Cure time increased with number of teeth sealed.
Difficult to manipulate cure light for posterior teeth.
2 October 2020 30
32. Types of curing for sealants
Chemical cured – “autopolymerization”
Base and catalyst
Monomer & Initiator + Diluted monomer & 5% Organic
Amine Accelerator = Sealant
Visible light cured – “photopolymerization”
Pre-mixed
Dimethacrylate + Diluent + Activator + Light = Sealant
2 October 2020 32
33. Concepts of bonding
Mechanical bonding – interlocking.
Chemical bonding – use of adhesive.
Physical bonding – attraction of atomic charges.
2 October 2020 33
34. Strength and Viscosity Characteristics
Viscosity
The thicker the sealant the
less likely to penetrate to
depth of fissure.
Wear of Sealants
Considerations for wear –
less filler, more wear and
visa versa.
2 October 2020 34
35. Curing units
Conventional cure light with halogen bulb = 20
seconds cure for each surface
Plasma arc or laser = 5-10 seconds
2 October 2020 35
36. Material Used As Sealants
a)Cynoacrylates:
Used as surgical adhesive and tooth sealants.
In presence of traces of moisture they polymerize rapidly to hard
and brittle polymers on etched tooth surface.
Mechanical durability is not satisfactory and they are not
biodegradable.
b)Poly Urethanes:
Not regularly used due to poor mechanical properties and oral
durability and toxicity.
2 October 2020 36
37. c)Dimethacrylates:
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is highly volatile and lacks penetration.
d)Glass ionomer:
Hydrophilic , good adhesion, biocompatible , fluoride release.
Used for fissure whose orifice exceeds 100 micrometer.
2 October 2020 37
38. Pit & Fissure Sealant Products
Alpha-Dent Light Cure Pit and Fissure Sealant
Baritone L3
Concise Light Cure White Sealant
Concise White Sealant
Helioseal F
Helioseal
Prisma Shield Compule Tips Tinted Pit and Fissure
Sealant
Prisma Shield VLC Filled Pit and Fissure Sealant
Seal – Rite
Seal – Rite Low Viscosity
2 October 2020 38
39. Prepare the tooth
Bristle brush or
rubber cup and plain
pumice.
Dentist can use bur,
air abrasion or laser.
Sharp explorer to
clean out debris.
2 October 2020 39
40. Prepare the Tooth - continued
air abrasion, bur,
prophy jet or laser
2 October 2020 40
42. Apply acid etch
Apply acid etch for15-
20 seconds. Use blue
micro tip or brush tip.
Apply only in pit and
fissures.
For liquid – dab but
do not rub.
Re-etch 10 seconds if
saliva contamination.
2 October 2020 42
43. Apply acid etch
Etch pit and
fissures,Extend 1-2 mm
beyond pit and fissures.
Do not apply acid etch
on cusp tips
2 October 2020 43
44. Rinse tooth/teeth
Use air/water
syringe.
Rinse the tooth
Properly – usually
20 seconds.
Avoid saliva
contamination.
If salivary
secretion is larg
then Re-isolation
is done.
2 October 2020 44
45. Dry tooth/teeth
Tooth Should appear
chalky or frosty white
if etched properly.
If not, re-etch for
another 10 seconds if
not contaminated
with saliva.
2 October 2020 45
46. Apply drying agent (PrimaDry)
Use brush tip.
Apply and leave for 5
seconds.
Gently blow air to
dry.
DON’T RINSE.
2 October 2020 46
47. Apply bond agent
A bond agent will
improve retention.
2 October 2020 47
48. Apply sealant material
Extend 1-2 mm beyond
pit and fissures.
Gently work into pits and
fissures.
Don’t overfill
“pop” bubbles in sealant
with explorer or brush tip
before curing.
2 October 2020 48
49. Light cure for 20 seconds
20 seconds each
tooth.
Don’t touch tip of
cure light to sealant
material.
Don’t let saliva
contaminate the
field…..
Note: sealant will
appear shiny/wet
2 October 2020 49
50. Check sealed teeth
Use explorer to check
hardness of material
after curing,
Tooth should be
smooth but not soft,
Re-apply sealant, if
necessary,
(Remove uncured
sealant with wet
cotton roll)
2 October 2020 50
52. Check occlusion & contact(s)
Use Articulating
paper for checking
the occlusion.
Ask patient how it
feels.
Dentist can adjust
with bullet-shaped
finishing bur or
polishing stone.
2 October 2020 52
53. Give patient instructions
The sealant is hard so you don’t have any restrictions
on eating.
If it feels “high” after you go home – you can come in to
get it adjusted.
We will keep checking the sealant at subsequent
appointments.
(if using unfilled composite sealant the bite will self
adjust in 2-3 days).
2 October 2020 53
54. Failure of sealants
Main cause –
moisture
contamination.
Maxillary and
mandibular 2nd
molars.
Early loss means less
retention of the resin.
2 October 2020 54
55. Risks associated with sealants
It does not have carcinogens or toxic materials.
Have xenoestrogens – concentrations too low
so its harmness not affect the body.
Potential chemical burns from phosphoric
acid.
It causes Occlusal trauma,
2 October 2020 55
56. Repair of sealant
Reapply if totally lost.
Repair partial loss
Roughen with
diamond stone.
Re-etch 20 seconds.
Reapply sealant.
2 October 2020 56